Relationship between strenuous physical exercise and immediate type allergy

Daily intense exercise prevents the development of immediate type allergy in subjects of any age due to inhibition of all three stages of allergy mechanism.     

Effect of pulsed infrared laser radiation on DNA synthesis in tissues of intact rats and during strenuous physical exercise

The motor zone of the rat brain cortex is subjected to pulsed infrared (0.89 μ) laser radiation, which is found to stimulate DNA synthesis both in intact animals and after strenuous physical exercise (swimming). Preliminary laser irradiation exerts a stress-limiting effect on cells of the brain cortex and thymus but does not prevent swimminginduced reduction of³H-thymidine incorporation in nuclear DNA of muscles. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 6, pp. 625–627, June, 1995 Presented by V. M. Bogolyubov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Some characteristics of the proteinase—Inhibitor systems in adaptive response to strenuous exercise

In rats, adaptation to strenuous exercise was accompanied by phasic changes in the activities of the kallikrein-kinin system, elastase-like proteinases, and proteinase inhibitors, and total antioxidant activity in the serum, myocardium, liver, and cerebral cortex. After 30-min physical exercises, activity of the kallikrein-kinin system decreased in the serum and increased in tissue with parallel activation of elastase-like proteinases in the myocardium and cerebral cortex. After 3-h exercises the activity of the kallikrein-kinin system showed some indications of exhaustion, especially in the myocardium and cerebral cortex. Activities of elastase-like proteinases tended to normal due to activation of α₁-proteinase inhibitor and normalization of total antioxidant activity. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 127, No. 5, pp. 529–532, May, 1999     

Adaptation to physical exercise increases expression of Ca-ATPase gene in myocardial sarcoplasmic reticulum

Gene expression of the key enzyme of the myocardial sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca²⁺-pump, SERCA-2a isoform was assayed in rats during adaptation to physical exercise (forced swimming). The expression was measured by Northern blot hybridization with subsequent densitometry of the autoradiograms. The signal of mRNA encoding SERCA-2a was referenced to the mRNA signals of marker proteins (S4 and S9 ribosomal proteins, cytoskeletal β-actin and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase). The SERCA-2a gene expression gradually increased during adaptation as evidenced by the increased content of SERCA-2a mRNA in particular higher intensity (optical density) of the mRNA signals in autoradiograms. The adaptation-induced increase in the power of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca²⁺-pump can be attributed to activated synthesis and accumulation of SERCA-2a isoform. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 7, pp. 24–28, July, 1999     

Increased resistance to heat shock of isolated hearts from rats adapted to moderate physical exercise

Hearts isolated from rats adapted to physical activity through moderate regular exercise (swimming) were more resistant to heat shock than hearts from unadapted controls. Thus, 15-min perfusion of control hearts with a solution heated to 42°C significantly depressed contraction amplitudes and caused a contracture amounting to 36% of the initial contraction amplitude, as well as increased release of creatine kinase into the perfusate. In the hearts from adapted rats, contraction amplitude was, on average, 2.3-fold greater and the contracture 3.2 times less marked than in the control animals; the test and control hearts did not differ significantly in the release of creatine kinase. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 3, pp. 256–258, March, 1995 Presented by S. S. Debov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Relationship of adaptive capabilities in athletes to the type of reaction of their opioid system to stressful physical exercise

Eleven highly skilled skiers are examined during and after prolonged exercising on a bicycle ergometer at a Vo₂ equal to 80% of the maximum. Parameters of mechanical work, Vo₂, plasma lactate concentration, and activity of δ-type opioid receptor ligands are recorded. The opioid system is found to develop two types of reaction to the exercise: activation in the course of work on the ergometer with a tendency toward normalization in the recovery period (Type A) or inhibition during the exercise (Type B). The reaction of Type B involved a rapid increase in the activity of the opioid system immediately after the exercise in some cases and a further fall in the activity of plasma opioids in others. Skiers with Type B reaction performed a lesser amount of work at a higher energy cost than did those with Type A. It is concluded that the latter type of reaction is more efficient than the former. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 122, No. 8, pp. 135–138, August, 1996     

Donor of nitric oxide improves, while NO-synthase inhibitor impairs resistance and adaptation to strenous physical exercise

It is shown that NO donor (dinitrosyl iron complexes) 1.5-fold improves, while NO-synthase blocker (Nω-nitro-L-arginine) 1.5-fold impairs the resistance to strenuous exercise in experimental animals. Animals adapted to physical exercise swim 22.1±2.0 min, while control (nonadapted) animals only 13.6±1.8 min. Administration of NO donor during adaptation prolongs swimming 1.6-fold in comparison with adaptation and 2.6-fold in comparison with the control. Inhibitor of NO-synthase completely abolishes adaptation to physical exercise. Our findings demonstrate the involvement of NO into mechanisms of organism's resistance to physical load and the possibility of modulating physical capacity and adaptation to strenous physical exercise. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 125, No. 4, pp. 381–384, April, 1998     

Impact of twelve-day combined exposure to hypobaric hypoxia and physical exercise on structural and metabolic characteristics of skeletal muscle in rats

This study, in which rats were exposed on 12 successive days to hypoxia in combination with exercise on a treadmill, showed that a reduction in partial oxygen pressure leads to a decrease in the magnitude of the structural component of vascular resistance rather than to improvement in the system of oxygen utilization, and that such combined exposure may cause alterations in protein synthesis and result in early stimulation of capillary growth in muscles, as well as elicit differential changes of enzyme activity in different types of muscle fibers. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 6, pp. 602–605, June, 1995 Presented by A. I. Grigor'ev, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Seasonal differences in the development of heightened resistance of the isolated heart during adaptation to physical exercise

Substantial seasonal differences are found in the development of the cardioprotective effect of adaptation to physical exercise: in winter such adaptation results in an increase of the resistance of the isolated heart to the contracture and arrhythmogenic effects of ischemia and reperfusion, while in summer the anticontracture effect is absent and the antiarrythmic effect is significantly lowered. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 9, pp. 299–301, September, 1995 Presented by G. N. Kryzhanovskii, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Opposite effect of adaptation to physical exercise on myocardium and skeletal muscle. Ca-transporting system of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and antioxidant defense enzymes

Adaptation to physical exercise was achieved via 60-min sessions of swimming at 32°C for 45 days, the duration of swimming being increased from 15 to 60 min during the first 14 days. Under these conditions, against the background of reduced catalase and superoxide dismutase activity the Ca-transporting system of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in the heart is shown to work more effectively: Ca²⁺ transport is characterized by a higher initial rate and is inactivated 1.5 times more slowly byin vitro-induced lipid peroxidation and not inhibited by high concentrations of free Ca²⁺. In the skeletal muscle, on the other hand, catalase and superoxide dismutase activity rise, but this does not improve the functioning of the Ca pump: the initial rate of Ca²⁺ transport drops, its resistance to autooxidation is not increased in comparison with the control, and the resistance of the Ca²⁺-transporting system to the inhibiting influence of free Ca²⁺ is lowered. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, No. 6, pp. 623–628, June, 1996     

Blood concentration of apolipoproteins A-1, B, and E after intensive physical load and during recovery period

The spectrum of apolipoproteins (apoA-1, apoB, and apoE) in rat blood during and after intensive physical excercise was studied by a solid-phase immunoenzymatic method. A 3.5-h swimming with a load comprising 4% of the body weight considerably increased blood concentration of apolipoproteins. Six hours after swimming (the recovery period), the content of apoA-1 returned to the control values, while those of apoB and apoE remained elevated. When administered immediately after swimming, the protein synthesis inhibitors actinomycin D (DNA-dependent RNA synthesis), vinblastin (microtubular synthesis) and Gordox (an inhibitor of serine proteases) significantly reduced serum concentration of apolipoproteins in the recovery period. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 126, No. 12, pp. 615–617, December 1998.     

Free-radical damage to the liver during its transplantation under conditions of oxidative stress

The role played by oxygenation of the recipient organism in the development of reperfusion-induced damage to the transplanted liver was evaluated in minipigs, and animals in which the transplant operations failed were found to have developed oxidative stress. The results indicate that free-radica oxidation has a role to play in the damage to cellular structures of the recipient and that it is important to correct this damage as early as possible by means of antioxidants and iron-chelating agents. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 11, pp. 471–473, November, 1995 Presented by Yu. A. Vladimirov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

λ-Radiation-induced irreparable damage to DNA of HeLa cells

Exposure of HeLa cells to λ-radiation at 0.1 Gy and then at 5 Gy reduces their ability to repair double-strand DNA breaks to a greater extent than irradiation with a single dose of 5 Gy. Modifying effects of 0.1 Gy on double-strand DNA breaks and on cell survival are observed after irradiation during logarithmic but not stationary phase of growth. Primary λ-induced irreparable double-strand breaks correlates with cell survival regardless the irradiation regime. It is suggested that such a damage is primarily responsible for reproductive death of HeLa cells. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 124, No. 7, pp. 53–56, July, 1997     

Pulmonary elimination of angiotensin-I after experimental damage to the myocardium

In a rat model of heart failure induced by microembolization of coronary vessels pulmonary elimination of angiotensin-I directly depends on the degree of myocardial damage, the clearance of angiotensin-I being mediated through angiotensin-converting enzyme-independent factors. Insufficient release of angiotensin-II from the lungs into circulation in embolized animals can be partially responsible for activation of peripheral reninangiotensin systems and aggravation of heart failure. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 126, No. 10, pp. 389–392, October, 1998     

Activity of lysosomal apparatus in rat myocardium during experimental coronary and noncoronary myocardial damage

Cardiac and plasma activities of marker lysosomal enzymes were studied in Wistar rats with metabolic (epinephrine) and occlusion (ligation of coronary arteries) myocardial infarction. Activity of all examined lysosomal enzymes significantly increased in the myocardium and blood plasma starting from the first day after ligation of the coronary arteries and was accompanied by leukocytic infiltration of the myocardium. Enzyme activity gradually decreased to postoperation day 14. In metabolic infarction leukocytic infiltration and specific activity of lysosomal enzymes rose gradually and attained maximum to postoperation day 14, while the signs of labilization of lysosomal membranes appeared from the first postoperation day. Plasma activity of lysosomal enzymes in metabolic infarction increased smoothly and peaked on day 14. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 129, No. 6, pp. 626–628, June, 2000     

Sex-related differences in the degree of lipid peroxidation activation and resistance to cardiovascular damage induced by stress in rats

It is shown that during stress a rapid twofold increase of erythrocyte acid resistance in rats of both sexes was followed by a 1.5-fold decrease toward the 60th min in males and the 120th min in females. In males, in contrast to females, the level of malonic dialdehyde was raised not only during stress, but also 1 and 24 hours after its completion. Stress-induced dystrophic changes of cardiomyocytes were more marked in males. The area of myocardial damage in females was almost twice as small as in males. It is assumed that the better resistance of females to stress-induced cardiovascular damage may be due to increased efficacy of antioxidant mechanisms inhibiting lipid peroxidation. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, No 4, pp. 354–357, April, 1995 Presented by K. V. Sudakov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Local vaginal immunity in patients with uterine myoma before and after hysterectomy

Vaginal biopsy specimens from premenopausal women with uterine myoma were studied by immunohistochemical methods using monoclonal antibodies to the differentiation antigens before and after hysterectomy. Immunocompetent cells (mainly CD8⁺ antigens) were detected in vaginal mucosa of controls and were virtually absent from specimens from the patients with uterine myoma. The content of immunocompetent cells in the vaginal mucosa did not change for at least 12 months after hysterectomy irrespective of the scope of intervention. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, vol. 126, No. 10, pp. 436–440, October, 1998     

Adaptation to physical load increases the activity of prostaglandins E and I2 and reduces stress reaction

Adaptation to physical load protects against stress and other damage. It is suggested that this protection is associated with activation of prostaglandins E (PGE) and I₂ (PGI₂). Plasma contents of PGE₂, PGI₂, and thromboxane A₂ (TxA₂) and the severity of stress reaction are measured in male Wistar rats adapted to swimming. Training increases the concentrations of these prostaglandins and the prostaglandin/TxA₂ ratio, reduces almost 2-fold the severity of stress reaction as assessed by the plasma corticosterone concentration and corticosterone/insulin ratio. After stress, the PGI₂ and PGI₂/TxA₂ in adapted rats were, respectively, 33 and 31% higher than in unadapted. These findings suggest that prostaglandins are involved in the reduction of stress reaction. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 122, No. 12, pp. 622–624, December, 1996     

Effect of adaptation to moderate physical loads on the increased resistance of the isolated heart to ischemia and reperfusion

Adaptation to physical loads elicits pronounced anti-ischemic and antireperfusion effects on the isolated heart. By the 20th min of total ischemia contracture in the hearts of adapted animals is much less than that in the control group. During reperfusion of hearts from adapted animals the degree of restoration of the contractile force was 6-fold higher, contracture was lesser, and the total period of tachycardia and fibrillation were 3-fold shorter than in the control. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 1, pp. 25–27, January, 1995 Presented by S. S. Debov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Interleukin-12p40 contributes to protection against lung injury after oral Yersinia enterocolitica infection

OBJECTIVE: The impact of Yersinia enterocolitica on lung is incompletely understood, so we studied the inflammatory effects of Yersinia oral infection and the influence of IL-12p40 deficiency.METHODS: Wild-type (WT) and IL-12p40-/- (KO) mice were orally infected with Y. enterocolitica 0:3. After 3 and 21 days, cell viability in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, inflammatory reactions, lipid hydroperoxides, antioxidant enzyme expression and histological changes were studied.RESULTS: An effect on the lung was demonstrated by changes in lactate dehydrogenase, total protein (p <0.001), nitrosative stress and increase numbers of lymphocyte in the BAL fluid. All of these appeared to be IL-12 - independent since statistically significant changes in response to infection (at 21 days) did not differ between WT and KO groups. However, a protective role of IL-12 after infection was suggested by a decrease in cell viability, histopathological changes, different cell populations, higher lipid peroxidation and a decrease in antioxidant enzymes - glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase-2 (p <0.05). The main changes were detected at day 21 suggesting a chronic effect of Yersinia infection and that IL-12 could play a role in the protection against chronic sequelae in the lung.CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that Y. enterocolitica infection may induce inflammatory response in lung and that IL-12p40 could contribute to protection against lung injury.