肺癌患者三种微转移标志物临床意义的比较研究

目的评价肺癌患者外周血LUNX mRNA 、CK19 mRNA、CEA mRNA诊断微转移的特异性、敏感性,探索肺癌患者微转移的早期诊断.方法以肺部良性疾病30例、健康人10例的外周血为对照,以LUNX mRNA 、CK19 mRNA、CEA mRNA的表达为指标,采用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测48例肺癌患者外周血、手术切除区域44个淋巴结的微转移,并根据淋巴结病理切片、临床分期、随访过程中复发转移率评价微转移的临床意义.结果①LUNX mRNA、CK19 mRNA、CEA mRNA在肺癌组织的表达率均为100%(35/35).②48例肺癌患者外周血中LUNX mRNA阳性30例(62.5%),CK19 mRNA阳性24例(50.0%),CEA mRNA阳性32例(66.7%);44枚肺癌患者手术切除的区域淋巴结,LUNX mRNA阳性16枚(36.4%),CK19 mRNA阳性12枚(27.3%),CEA mRNA阳性18枚(40.9%).③30例肺部良性疾病患者外周血中,CK19 mRNA表达阳性2例(6.7%),LUNX mRNA或CEA mRNA表达均阴性;10例健康人外周血和11枚取自肺良性疾病患者的淋巴结,3个指标检测结果均为阴性.④44枚肺癌区域淋巴结中,普通病理组织学检出6枚(13.6%)有癌转移,阳性率明显低于RT-PCR检测结果(P<0.05).⑤3种微转移指标的阳性率均随TNM分期的增加而升高(P=0.01).⑥随访发现外周血微转移阳性患者的复发率高于阴性患者.结论 LUNX mRNA、CK19 mRNA 、CEA mRNA有可能成为监测肺癌微转移的分子标志.     

检测乳腺癌患者骨髓中CK19的表达及其临床意义

背景与目的:乳腺癌早期即可发生播散和转移,远处转移尤其骨转移是影响患者预后的主要因素之一,而骨髓微转移用常规方法又难以检测出来。本研究旨在探讨检测乳腺癌患者骨髓中CK19mRNA的表达及其临床意义。方法:应用RT鄄PCR技术,同时对照检测65例乳腺癌患者、15例乳腺良性病变患者和8例健康人骨髓中的CK19mRNA表达,并分析CK19mRNA表达与临床病理因素的关系。结果:65例乳腺癌患者中,22例CK19mRNA阳性,阳性率为33.8%;乳腺良性病变患者和健康人骨髓中未检测到CK19mRNA表达。CK19mRNA表达与乳腺癌肿瘤大小和分期有关(P<0.05),与年龄和淋巴结转移状况无显著性相关(P>0.05);与外周血中CEA异常增高呈正相关(r=0.372,P=0.002)。结论:CK19mRNA可作为检测乳腺癌患者骨髓微转移的分子指标之一,可为乳腺癌患者的治疗和预后判断提供帮助。     

实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测乳腺癌患者外周血癌胚抗原mRNA表达的临床意义

目的分析乳腺癌患者外周血癌胚抗原(CEA)mRNA的表达及其与病理分期、区域淋巴结转移的关系,评价CEAmRNA对乳腺癌外周血微转移的特异性。方法采用实时荧光定量RT-PCR技术检测53例有明确临床病理资料的乳腺癌患者和16例良性乳腺疾病患者外周血CEAmRNA的表达。结果乳腺癌患者外周血CEAmRNA总阳性率为28.3%,阳性率随着分期的升高而升高(Ⅰ期12.5%,Ⅱ期22.2%,Ⅲ期44.4%,Ⅳ期44.4%),区域淋巴结转移者(23.1%)CEAmRNA阳性率高于无转移者(18.7%),但统计分析差异无显著性。良性乳腺疾病患者无一检测到CEAmRNA的表达。结论乳腺癌患者外周血CEAmRNA检测对外周血微转移具有一定的代表性,但尚无明显证据支持可以指导乳腺癌预后判断。     

乳腺癌患者外周血CEA mRNA的表达及意义

目的检测乳腺癌患者外周血中CEA mRNA的表达,建立取材于外周血早期诊断乳腺癌微转移的方法.方法采集65例乳腺癌和37例乳腺良性疾病患者的外周血,分离其有核细胞后进行细胞总RNA的抽提,运用巢式RT-PCR技术进行CEA mRNA的检测.结果以巢式RT-PCR终产物出现131 bp带定为阳性.65例乳腺癌患者中,26例CEA mRNA阳性表达,阳性率为40.0%;37例乳腺良性疾病者CEA mRNA均无表达,差异具有显著性(χ2=7.41,P＜0.001).结论RT-PCR可以用于临床检测乳腺癌患者外周血中微转移.     

CK-19mRNA表达与乳腺癌关系的研究

目的：探讨乳腺癌患者外周血中细胞角蛋白19mRNA（CK-19mRNA）的表达与手术、化疗、临床病理的关系及其临床意义。方法：应用实时荧光定量PCR检测60例Ⅱ、Ⅲ期乳腺癌患者手术及化疗前后外周静脉血CK-19mRNA的含量。选择20例乳腺良性疾病手术患者做为对照。结果：对照组外周血中未检出CK-19mRNA。术前乳腺癌组外周血CK-19mRNA阳性率为30．0％（18／60），与对照组比较有显著差异（P〈0．05）。术后1周内及术后化疗1周期后CK-19mRNA阳性率分别降至25．0％（15／60）和13．3％（8／60）。Ⅲ期乳腺癌CK-19mRNA的阳性表达率高于Ⅱ期（P〈0．05），CK-19mRNA的表达与激素受体、HER2表达无关（P〉0．05）。有神经及脉管受侵或淋巴结转移者CK-19mRNA的阳性表达率增高，与无神经及脉管受侵或淋巴结转移者有显著差异（P〈0．05）。结论：CK-19mRNA的表达与神经及脉管受侵以及淋巴结转移有关，与激素受体及HER2表达无关。随着肿瘤分期的增高，微转移检出率将升高。     

细胞角蛋白19基因扩增及过度表达的研究

目的: 建立荧光定量聚合酶链反应(FQ-PCR)法检测CK19基因表达水平,探讨其在乳腺癌诊断和治疗监测中的应用.方法: 建立FQ-PCR法,并以β2-微球蛋白为内对照测定30名健康女性体检者、30例良性乳腺疾病患者和91例乳腺癌患者外周血中CK19的表达.结果: CK19表达水平在正常对照组和良性乳殚腺疾病组间差异无显著性意义(P>0.05),乳腺癌组均高于前两组(P<0.05),B2-微球蛋白在三组间差异无显著性意义(P>0.05).91例乳腺癌患者阳性率为49.5%,良性乳腺疾病组为0.CK19表达与患者年龄和肿瘤大小和类型无关(P>0.05),与乳腺癌临床分期、组织学分级以及腋淋巴结转移相关(P<0.05).结论: .FQ-PCR技术是高度灵敏、高度特异的快速定量检测CK19方法,可有效监测乳腺癌的诊断、疗效、转移和预后.     

hMAM mRNA和CK19 mRNA联合检测乳腺癌骨髓微转移

目的：检测乳腺癌患者骨髓中的human mamglobin（hMAM）mRNA和CK19 mRNA表达,探讨乳腺癌患者早期骨髓微转移与临床病理学因素的关系.方法：采用逆转录-聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR一步法）法检测骨髓组织中hMAM mRNA和CK19 mRNA的表达.结果：102例乳腺癌患者骨髓hMAM mRNA、CK19 mRNA表达阳性者分别为37.3%和56.9%,均高于良性乳腺疾病患者骨髓组织中的表达（P=0.043,P=0.002）.两者的阳性表达率与肿瘤大小、临床分期和组织学分级呈显著相关,P值分别为0.000、0.001、0.020、0.003、0.031和0.001;与淋巴结转移状况、年龄和月经状况无关,P值分别为0.101、0.255、0.111、0.110、0.492和0.187.结论：乳腺癌微转移与肿瘤大小、临床分期和组织学分级有关,hMAM mRNA和CK19 mRNA均可作为检测乳腺癌骨髓微转移标志,且两者间存在一致性.     

非小细胞肺癌患者外周血CD44V6 mRNA表达与微转移的相关性研究

目的 探讨CD44V6 mRNA表达与非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)外周血微转移的关系及临床意义,及其与CK19 mRNA在外周血中联合检测的临床意义.方法 应用免疫组化SP法检测56例NSCLC癌组织中CD44V6 mRNA的表达情况,应用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)技术检测外周血中CD44V6 mRNA与CK19 mRNA的表达情况.采集20例肺部良性病变患者正常肺组织和外周血作对照.结果 CD44V6 mRNA在NSCLC癌组织中表达明显高于良性病变正常肺组织(P<0.001),其阳性表达率在各病理分期间、有无淋巴结转移组间的差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),而在各病理类型间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).NSCLC患者外周血中CD44V6 mRNA阳性表达率高于对照组(P<0.05),其阳性表达率在各病理分期间、有无淋巴结转移间的差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).CD44V6 mRNA在NSCLC组织中表达与外周血中表达呈正相关,NSCLC外周血中CD44V6 mRNA与CK19 mRNA表达呈正相关;CD44V6 mRNA与CK19 mRNA联合检测灵敏度为75.0%,优于单基因检测(P<0.05).结论 NSCLC外周血中CD44V6 mRNA的高表达与其侵袭转移有关,CD44V6 mRNA可作为检测NSCLC外周血微转移的分子肿瘤标志物,并有望成为判定NSCLC预后的分子标志物;CD44V6 mRNA与CK19 mRNA联合检测可提高NSCLC血行微转移诊断的敏感度.     

CK19和hMAM及SBEM检测乳腺癌微转移价值分析

目的：探讨生物学标志乳腺上皮小黏蛋白（smallbreastepithelialmucin,SBEM）、乳腺珠蛋白（humanmamma—globin,hMAM）和细胞角蛋白19（cytokeratin19,CK19）检测乳腺癌外周血及淋巴结微转移的临床应用价值。方法：收集2012-04—13—2012-10—10广西医科大学附属肿瘤医院乳腺外科首诊的患者外周血及组织标本。采用巢式PCR技术对47例乳腺癌患者和45例乳腺良性肿瘤患者外周血有核细胞中SBEM、hMAM和CK19的mRNA进行检测;采用半定量PCR技术对10例乳腺癌组织及对应的癌旁组织,以及10例乳腺良性肿瘤患者组织mRMA进行检测;采用免疫组化技术对其中27例乳腺癌患者的109个淋巴结进行检测。结果：乳腺癌和乳腺良性肿瘤患者的外周血SBEM表达率分别为82．98％（39／47）和62．22％（28／45）,χ2=5．005,P=0．021;乳腺癌和乳腺良性肿瘤患者的外周血hMAM表达率分别为65．96％（31／47）和42．22％（19／45）,差异有统计学意义,χ2=5．220,P=0．022;乳腺癌和乳腺良性肿瘤患者的外周血CK19表达率分别为89．36％（42／47）和80．00％（36／45）,差异无统计学意义,χ2=1．562,P=0．211。免疫组化CK19在52个转移性淋巴结中强阳性表达,在57个常规病理检查未发现的转移性淋巴结中检出5个淋巴结存在转移灶;hMAM及SBEM在转移性淋巴结中表达比CK19弱,而且阳性细胞染色不均一。结论：SBEM、hMAM和CK19作为乳腺癌外周血微转移生物学标志具有较高的灵敏性,但缺乏特异性,联合检测可以提高特异性,对发现早期乳腺癌微转移有一定临床意义;CK19可用于检测乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结的微小转移灶。     

应用RT-PCR检测乳腺癌患者外周血CK-19mRNA的临床意义

目的:探索取材于乳腺癌患者外周血诊断微转移的方法。方法:66例乳腺癌和37例乳腺良性疾病患者的外周血,分离其有核细胞后进行细胞总RNA的抽提,运用RT-PCR技术进行CK-19 mRNA的检测。结果:以RT-PCR终产物出现460bp条带定为阳性。66例乳腺癌患者CK-19mRNA有24例表达,总阳性率为36.36％。37例乳腺良性疾病者CK-19mRNA无一例表达。两组有统计学意义(x2=17.54,P<0.001)。结论:RT-PCR检测CK-19 mRNA可以用于临床诊断乳腺癌患者外周血中微转移。     

Ringworm in animals in a farm in Assiut

Bericht über das Auftreten von Hautmykosen bei Tieren auf der Farm der Landwirtschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Assiut. Von 70 Kälbern waren 42 pilzkrank, davon 22 durch T. mentagrophytes, 20 durch T. verrucosum. Von 180 Kühen waren 8 pilzbefalien, sämtlich durch T. mentagrophytes. Von 2 kranken Bullen wurde T. verrucosum isoliert. Auch die 3 Pferde und 2 Maultiere der Farm waren pilzinfiziert; Erreger war in diesen Fällen T. equinum. Auch ein Kalb war von T. equinum befallen. Die gleiche Pilzart wurde ferner von 3 Tierpflegern isoliert, die Pilzherde am Hals und an den Armen aufwiesen.     

Statistical challenges in preprocessing in microarray experiments in cancer

Many clinical studies incorporate genomic experiments to investigate the potential associations between high-dimensional molecular data and clinical outcome. A critical first step in the statistical analyses of these experiments is that the molecular data are preprocessed. This article provides an overview of preprocessing methods, including summary algorithms and quality control metrics for microarrays. Some of the ramifications and effects that preprocessing methods have on the statistical results are illustrated. The discussions are centered around a microarray experiment based on lung cancer tumor samples with survival as the clinical outcome of interest. The procedures that are presented focus on the array platform used in this study. However, many of these issues are more general and are applicable to other instruments for genome-wide investigation. The discussions here will provide insight into the statistical challenges in preprocessing microarrays used in clinical studies of cancer. These challenges should not be viewed as inconsequential nuisances but rather as important issues that need to be addressed so that informed conclusions can be drawn.     

Trends in zygomycosis in children

Zygomycosis, or mucormycosis, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in both children and adults. Studies in adults have shown an increase in the incidence of zygomycosis, particularly among haemtopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients and patients with haematologic malignancies. There is a paucity of data on the epidemiology of zygomycosis in children. We performed a retrospective analysis to describe trends in zygomycosis between 1 January 2003 and 31 December 2010. We used the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database to identify paediatric patients who were diagnosed with zygomycosis during the study period. Administrative data on diagnoses, demographics, underlying conditions and clinical experiences were collected. Summary statistics were calculated and tests for trend were conducted. We identified 156 unique patients with zygomycosis. The prevalence of zygomycosis did not significantly increase over time (P=0.284). The most common underlying condition was malignancy (58%) and over half received intensive care. Voriconazole utilisation among all hospitalised children significantly increased during the period (P=0.010). Our study demonstrates that the incidence of zygomycosis is not significantly increasing. During the time period there was a significant increase in the use of voriconazole among children.     

Hemoglobin in lymphogranulomatosis in children

The peculiarities of hemoglobin content and properties in lymphogranulomatosis were studied in children by different methods. In most patients the content of fetal hemoglobin and methhemoglobin was found to increase and the rate of ferricyanide oxidation of hemoglobin also increases. Simultaneously, the rate of non-homogenicity of basic hemoglobin fractions was observed to increase on account of immunologically different components.     

Dermatomycosis in Goats in India

Summary: In an extensive survey involving 2176 goats 1.56% of goats manifested clinical lesions of ringworm infection. Animals below the age of 6 months were affected most (4.20%). The incidence of infection was higher during the winter months. T. verrucosum, T. mentagrophytes and M. gypseum were isolated from the skin scrapings of 12, 4, and 2 goats respectively. It is suggested that the infected animals could be a source of disease to human population in which the zoophilic dermatophyte invasion is characterized by severe inflammatory lesions of the skin. The zoonotic importance of different dermatophytes is stressed.
Zusammenfassung: In einer ausgedehnten Untersuchung an 2176 Ziegen wurden bei 1,56% klinische Zeichen einer Hautmykose festgestellt. Tiere, die jühger als 6 Monate alt waren, zeigten mit 4,20% am häfigsten Krankheitssymptome. In den Wintermonaten war die Erkrankungshäufigkeit am gröBten. T. vermcosum, T. mentagrophytes and M. gypseum wurden jeweils von 12,4 bzw. 2 Ziegen isoliert. Die inflzierten Tiere köinnen eine Infektionsquelle für die menschliche Bevölkerung darstellen und dort Mykosen mit stark entzündlichen Veränderungen auslösen. Die Bedeutung verschiedener Dermatophyten als Erreger von Zoonosen wird hervorgehoben.     

Sex hormones in women in rural China and in Britain

Plasma concentrations of certain hormones linked to breast cancer risk were measured in age-pooled samples from 3,250 rural Chinese women in 65 counties, and 300 British women, all aged 35-64. In age-groups 35-44, 45-54 and 55-64 respectively, mean oestradiol concentrations were 36% (P = 0.043), 90% (P less than 0.001) and 171% (P = 0.001) higher in the British than in the Chinese women, and mean testosterone concentrations were 48% (P less than 0.001), 68% (P less than 0.001) and 53% (P = 0.001) higher in the British than in the Chinese women. The difference in testosterone concentrations between the two countries appeared to be due largely to the lower average body weight in the Chinese women. Sex hormone binding globulin did not differ significantly between the two countries in age groups 35-44 and 45-54, but was 15% (P = 0.002) lower in the British than in the Chinese women at ages 55-64. Prolactin concentrations did not differ significantly between the two countries in any age group.     

Temozolomide treatment in glioma--experiences in two university hospitals in Finland

Thirty-two patients with relapsing glioma were treated with temozolomide in two university hospitals in Finland. One patient (3%) had complete response and 9 (28%) partial response, with 8 patients (25%) showing stable disease. Median progression-free survival for these 18 patients (56%) was 7 months (range 2-11+). The remaining either had progressive disease (25%) or only clinical evaluation (19%). Karnofsky score improved in 34% of patients and decreased in 3%. Symptoms were alleviated in 44% and deteriorated in 9%. Grade 3-4 toxicity was detected in 9% of the patients. Only 4% of the days in treatment were spent in hospital. An average 1.8 neuroradiological investigations, 6.9 laboratory visits, and 5.3 visits to the oncologist were made. This study confirms that temozolomide has positive effects on the outcome of often heavily pretreated glioma patients. High drug costs are compensated by prolonged home care and even the possibility to maintain working capacity.