云南省城乡2012-2018年5岁以下儿童营养与健康监测情况分析

目的 利用全国儿童营养与健康监测系统2012-2018年云南省的数据,分析云南省城乡5岁以下儿童的营养性疾病状况及变化趋势。方法 采取分层整群抽样的方法,以昆明市五华区和曲靖市会泽县各4个乡镇(街道)辖区内常驻的5岁以下全部儿童为研究对象,采用2006年WHO儿童生长发育和贫血诊断标准,应用SPSS 17.0软件进行统计分析。结果 农村5岁以下儿童贫血患病率达30%以上(经过高海拔校正),已属中度公共卫生问题,7年来明显降低,城乡差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);5岁以下儿童生长迟缓率、低体重率、消瘦率农村均高于城市,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);7年来随年度变化,农村各率明显下降(P<0.05)。结论 云南省城乡儿童营养性疾病状况明显改善,相关贫困地区儿童营养改善项目的开展,使西部地区儿童营养状况得到改善,宜继续深入贯彻实施。     

Risk factors for malnutrition among rural Nigerian children

Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) remains a major public health problem in the developing world. The aim of this study was to determine the current nutritional status and the influence of feeding practices and family characteristics on the nutritional status of under-five rural Nigerian children. It was conducted using a cross sectional, community based survey design. From 344 households, 420 children were studied. Using the modified Wellcome Classification, the prevalence of PEM was 20.5 percent whereas the prevalence of underweight, wasting and stunting using the World Health Organization/ National Centre for Health Statistics (WHO/NCHS) standards were 23.1 percent, 9 percent and 26.7 percent respectively. Young age was significantly associated with a higher prevalence of underweight (P = 0.004). Overcrowding, low maternal income and the use of infant formula feeds in children who have attained the age of 6 months and above were associated with a higher prevalence of wasting (P = 0.029, P = 0.031 and P = 0.005 respectively). Improved living standard of families, empowerment of mothers with the aim of augmenting family income and parental education on appropriate feeding practices may help in reducing the incidence of under-five malnutrition in communities. The low prevalence rate of malnutrition was probably due to activities of the NGO in this community. This method of intervention is similarly achievable in any other community.     

Poor nutritional status of younger Tibetan children living at high altitudes

BACKGROUND: The growth, development and nutrition of children in Tibet with high-altitude and unique traditional culture have recently gained attention. However, few researches are available on the nutritional status of younger children of Tibet. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to evaluate the nutritional status of children below 36 months old in Tibet by means of anthropometry. DESIGN: The cross-sectional survey was conducted between August and September in 1999 and a sample of 1655 children below 36 months old was obtained using a stratified multistage cluster random sampling method from a total of seven districts of Tibet. Height, weight and hemoglobin concentration were measured and at the same time related sociodemographic and environmental information were collected. NCHS/CDC/WHO reference data were used to evaluate the nutritional status of the entire study children population and estimate the prevalence of stunting, underweight and wasting. RESULTS: Compared with the reference of NCHS/CDC/WHO, the distributions of HAZ and WAZ shifted to the left significantly and the means of HAZ and WAZ were -1.53 and -1.05, respectively, which were significantly lower than the reference value. The distribution of WHZ, however, was close to that of the reference. The reduction of Z-scores for height and weight occurred very early in life and was greatest in the second year after birth. The prevalence of malnutrition of children was 39.0% for stunting, 23.7% for underweight and 5.6% for wasting, respectively. Rural children had prevalence of stunting of 41.4% and underweight of 24.7%, as compared with prevalence of stunting of 25.3% and underweight of 18.1% for urban children. Stunting and underweight were associated with altitudes. The mean of hemoglobin (Hb) of children was 120.4 g/l and rural children had a significantly lower Hb concentration (119.9 g/l) than urban children (123.3 g/l). The prevalence of anemia seemed higher when using different altitude corrections for Hb to estimate the prevalence, but the consequences were uneven. CONCLUSIONS: For Tibetan young children, the nutritional status of the entire population is poor and the prevalence of malnutrition is higher, especially for stunting. Malnutrition is related to high altitudes. Although the Hb concentration is higher induced by high altitude, there must be quite a lot of anemic children at high altitudes. The relationship between altitude and Hb for children on the Tibetan plateau requires further study in order to determine correctly the magnitude of anemia of children.     

甘肃省贫困农村地区5岁以下儿童营养不良和贫血状况调查

目的分析甘肃省贫困农村地区5岁以下儿童营养不良和贫血状况及其影响因素,为制定儿童营养相关的策略和政策提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段随机抽样方法,对1398名调查对象的营养状况进行分析,用Z评分法和血红蛋白值评价儿童营养和贫血状况,用Logistic回归分析可能的影响因素,应用SPSS 13.0软件进行统计分析。结果调查儿童中低出生体重儿占5.4%;近2周有腹泻和上呼吸道疾病的儿童分别占15.1%和31.1%;6个月内婴幼儿的母乳喂养率、混合喂养率和人工喂养率分别为45.3%、43.2%和11.4%。儿童的生长迟缓率为11.7%、低体重率为7.8%、消瘦率为6.6%、贫血率为11.7%,儿童生长迟缓率、低体重率、消瘦率和贫血率在各月龄组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01),其中24～36月龄组生长迟缓率最高,低体重率、消瘦率和贫血率的患病高峰在6～12月龄,各月龄组性别间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。多因素分析结果表明,儿童生长迟缓的影响因素是出生体重(OR=1.001),低体重的影响因素有月龄(OR=1.019)、出生体重(OR=1.001),消瘦的影响因素有月龄(OR=1.054)和出生体重(OR=1.001),贫血的影响因素为月龄(OR=1.029)。结论甘肃省贫困农村地区5岁以下儿童营养不良和贫血状况仍然较为严重,应针对各年龄段儿童营养不良状况特点制定相应干预措施,从而改善甘肃省贫困地区儿童营养健康状况。     

中国西部农村婴幼儿营养、喂养以及保健方面的性别差异研究

目的探索中国西部农村地区婴幼儿营养、喂养以及保健方面的性别差异。方法利用西部农村大样本横断面调查数据,共凋查14 532名儿童;运用logistic回归模型控制有关背景因素来估计性别在3岁以下农村儿童的营养、喂养和保健方面所起的作用。结果西部南北方地区男女儿童的生长迟缓、低体重和消瘦患病率接近,但是控制了可能的影响因素后,营养不良的性别差异只出现在北方儿童中,表现为北方1孩家庭的男童低体重的风险要高于女童(OR=1.27),3孩以上家庭的男童患生长迟缓的风险却低于女童(OR=0.60);在南方地区无论是在1孩还是多孩家庭以上三指标均没有显著的性别差异。北方地区只表现为2孩家庭的男童添加鸡蛋的频率要显著高于女童,而此种情况也出现在南方1孩家庭中;此外,南方地区表现为2孩家庭的女童在4月龄内比男童更倾向于接受纯母乳喂养。在保健方面,男童较女童更容易患病,贫血患病率分别为36.2%和33.4%,2周感冒和腹泻患病率分别为29.0%和27.4%,19.0%和17.5%。结论中国西部农村婴幼儿在营养、喂养和保健方面存在着一定的性别差异,北方地区比南方地区表现突出。     

Nutritional status of 0-to-59-month-old children in urban and rural areas of Cameroon]

The nutritional status of preschool-age children (0-59 months) in the Littoral Province of Cameroon was studied in a representative sample of the population of this age group in rural and urban areas, with a total of 2011 children. The nutritional indicators weight-for-height, weight-for-age, and height-for-age were compared with reference data from the United States National Center for Health Statistics. A high prevalence of stunting (15.2% in urban and 21.8% in rural areas, P < 0.0008) was found among the children. The prevalence of wasting was 4.0% in urban and 6.5% in rural areas (P < 0.03). In all age groups, rural children were shorter than urban children with no significant difference between the sexes. The increase in the prevalence of acute malnutrition (8.4%) since the last nutritional survey in 1978 (0.7%), which is probably due to a deterioration in the economic situation in recent years, indicates that urgent measures should be taken to improve the nutritional situation of these children, especially in the villages. The findings of the study could serve as baseline data for the evaluation of the effectiveness of future nutrition programmes.     

湖南省农村贫困地区14082名6～24月龄婴幼儿贫血状况分析

目的了解湖南省农村贫困地区婴幼儿营养性贫血情况,为制定农村贫困地区婴幼儿贫血综合防控措施提供依据。方法采用概率比例规模抽样(PPS)、系统抽样相结合的方法,调查2012-2015年湖南省贫困地区6~24月龄婴幼儿家庭基本情况,并测量其血红蛋白含量、体重和身长。结果 14 082名6~24月龄婴幼儿总贫血患病率32.7%,2012-2015年6~24月龄婴幼儿贫血患病率分别为39.6%、31.4%、36.4%、30.8%,随时间推移逐渐下降(P0.05)。男童贫血患病率高于女童(P0.05)。6~、12~、18~24月龄婴幼儿贫血患病率分别为42.7%、33.6%、24.5%,患病率随年龄增大逐渐下降(P0.05)。低体重婴幼儿贫血患病率高于非低体重婴幼儿,低体质指数婴幼儿贫血患病率高于非低体质指数婴幼儿(P0.05);消瘦婴幼儿贫血患病率高于非消瘦婴幼儿,生长迟缓婴幼儿贫血患病率高于非生长迟缓婴幼儿,但差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。父亲学历高低对婴幼儿贫血患病率无影响(P0.05),母亲学历高者贫血患病率低于母亲学历低者(P0.05)。结论湖南省农村贫困地区6~24月龄婴幼儿贫血患病率较高,有必要采取综合性措施改善婴幼儿营养状况,降低婴幼儿贫血患病率。     

Nutritional status of children of urban low-income communities, Brazil (1986)

During the second half of 1986 the health and nutritional status of 254 children aged up to six years was studied, as well as the socio-economic situation of their parents in two favelas (shantytowns) in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. The nutritional status of the children was characterized by stunting (Z-score: 20.1% less than -2) but not by wasting (Z-score: 3.7% less than -2). Consideration was also given to how far stunting was caused by high morbidity such as acute respiratory infections (point prevalence: 38.5%), diarrheal diseases (point prevalence: 11.5%) and parasitosis (point prevalence: 70.3%). Furthermore, anemia (point prevalence: 29.7%) appeared as another health problem. The most important determinant of anthropometric indices turned out to be the mother's schooling. From the present data it can be hypothesized that the nutritional status of the children was limited less by the lack of food than by their poor health status.     

Stunting and Anemia in Children from Urban Poor Environments in 28 Low and Middle-income Countries: A Meta-analysis of Demographic and Health Survey Data

Child malnutrition remains a global concern with implications not only for children’s health and cognitive function, but also for countries’ economic growth. Recent reports suggest that global nutrition targets will not be met by 2025. Large gaps are evident between and within countries. One of the largest disparities in child malnutrition within counties is between urban and rural children. Large disparities also exist in urban areas that have higher rates of child malnutrition in the urban poor areas or slums. This paper examines stunting and anemia related to an urban poverty measure in children under age 5 in 28 low and middle-income countries with Demographic and Health Survey data. We used the United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT) definition to define urban poor areas as a proxy for slums. The results show that in several countries, children had a higher risk of stunting and anemia in urban poor areas compared to children in urban non-poor areas. In some countries, this risk was similar to the risk between the rural and urban non-poor. Tests of heterogeneity showed that these results were not homogeneous across countries. These results help to identify areas of greater disadvantage and the required interventions for stunting and anemia.     

中国5岁以下儿童营养不良现状及其变化趋势的研究

目的分析中国5岁以下儿童的营养不良状况及变化趋势。方法采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法,按照东、中、西三类地区和城市、农村的分层原则,在全国选取17 607名5岁以下儿童,测量儿童的身高(长)和体重。结果2006年中国5岁以下儿童生长迟缓率为9.9%,低体重率为5.9%,消瘦率为2.2%;儿童生长迟缓率农村是城市的5.3倍,低体重率农村是城市的4.6倍,差异有显著性(P<0.05);中、西部地区儿童营养不良率显著高于东部地区(P<0.05);与2002年相比,2006年儿童生长迟缓率下降了30.8%,儿童低体重率下降了24.4%。结论中国5岁以下儿童营养不良率逐年下降,下降速度城市高于农村。西部地区农村儿童营养不良问题仍有待改善,同时中部地区农村儿童的营养不良状况也应得到充分关注。     

西藏地区3岁以下儿童营养状况分析

目的 了解西藏地区3岁以下儿童的营养状况。方法 采用横断面调查设计与分层多阶段随机抽样法，获取样本，以身长和体重作为衡量儿童营养状况的基本指标，利用WHO／NCSH参考标准对儿童的营养状况进行评价。结果 调查获得1655对母与子，与WHO／NCHS标准分布比较，该地区3岁以下儿童整体营养状况较差，以身长减低为突出，提示为长期的慢性营养不良。生长迟缓、低体重和消瘦的总患病率分别为：39．0％，23．7％，5．6％，农村高于城市，牧区高于农区。海拔是影响该地区儿童体格发育的重要因素，对身长的影响尤为明显。结论 西藏地区3岁以下儿童的整体营养状况差，中重度营养不良的患病率高，地区间差异较大。     

Nutritional Assessment of Pre-School Children in Rural Villages of the Family Dynamics, Lifestyles and Nutrition Study (1997-2001) II. Prevalence of Undernutrition and Relationship to Household Socio-Economic Indicators

This paper describes the nutritional status of pre-school children and analyzes its relationship to various household socio-economic indicators. Padi, rubber and fishing villages from the Functional Groups Study (1992-1996) were selected for having a high prevalence of child undernutrition, and all children between the ages of 12 and 72 months were measured for their weights and heights in April-May 1998. The NCHS reference values were used to calculate z-scores, which were categorised according to WHO (1983) recommendations. Children between minus 2SD and minus 1SD of reference median were classified as mildly malnourished. Prevalence of underweight was higher (30.5%) than stunting (22.3%), while wasting was only 9.7%. Padi villages had the highest prevalence of undernutrition, followed by fishing, and then rubber villages. Mean household incomes were found to be significantly lower for children with worse nutritional status, and undernutrition was higher in households below the poverty line income. The odds ratios for having stunted children were significantly higher for households whose heads were agricultural own-account workers (OR 3.66, 95% CI = 1.37-9.79), agricultural waged workers (OR 2.75, 95% CI = 1.06-7.10), and non-agricultural manual workers (OR 2.49, 95% CI = 1.04-6.00) compared to non-manual workers. Various household socio-economic indicators showed significantly higher odds ratios for underweight, stunting and wasting. After adjusting for confounding effects by logistic regression analysis, however, only mother's education was found to be a significant predictor for stunting, while poverty level and access to piped water supply were significant predictors for both underweight and stunting. Households without livestock were significant predictors for wasting. Thus, this study identified specific socio-economic factors that should be prioritized for policy and research towards the amelioration of childhood malnutrition in rural areas.     

中国儿童营养状况15年变化分析——5岁以下儿童生长发育变化特点

目的利用中国食物与营养监测系统1990~2005年的数据,对中国经济快速发展时期儿童生长发育特点进行分析,确定当前主要的儿童营养问题,为制定营养改善对策提供科学依据。方法本文用WHO推荐的NCHS标准评价儿童的身高体重发育状况,用Z评分方法,比较1990~2005年中国城乡5岁以下儿童的生长发育变化。结果1990年至2005年,中国5岁以下儿童的低体重率由22.6%降低到8.6%,生长迟缓率由41.4%降至13.1%。城乡儿童的生长迟缓率的差值由1990年的32个百分点降到了2005年的10.6个百分点。但中国贫困农村儿童的低体重率和生长迟缓率分别为12.3%与17.6%。由于中国儿童身高的改善滞后于体重的改善,在1992年前后出现了“生长迟缓型肥胖”现象。1995年,儿童“生长迟缓型肥胖”率最高,达12.6%。1995年后,中国城乡儿童的身高体重发育开始均衡发展,到2005年,中国儿童的身高体重均衡性有了显著的改善。结论15年来中国5岁以下儿童生长发育状况已有很大改善,城乡差距缩小。但是贫困地区儿童的营养不良患病率仍在较高水平,虽然近几年来有了较大的改善。作者提出了在保证6个月龄以下儿童纯母乳喂养的同时,采取适合中国国情的家庭内辅助食品的营养强化等综合干预措施的建议,并强调加强6~24月龄婴幼儿的辅食添加质量以及提高2岁以上儿童的膳食质量,将是进一步有效的提高中国5岁以下儿童营养状况的关键所在。     

贵阳市学龄前儿童营养状况及其影响因素分析

目的了解贵阳市学龄前儿童营养状况及其影响因素，为营养健康教育提供依据。方法采用整群随机抽样的方法，对500名贵阳市学龄前儿童家长进行儿童生长发育的KAP问卷调查。儿童生长发育采用Z评分法评价，在单因素分析的基础上，采用多元Logistic逐步回归分析的方法进行多因素分析。结果儿童生长迟缓率为11．3％，男女生差异无统计学意义，郊区大于城市；超重和肥胖率为10．2％。Logistic回归分析发现，儿童居住地区、家长营养知识水平．家长文化程度是儿童生长迟缓的主要影响因素。结论郊区儿童生长迟缓率高于城市儿童，家长的营养知识水平尚需要提高。     

四川省5岁以下儿童营养现状分析

目的 了解四川省5岁以下儿童营养现状。方法 采用随机整群抽样方法,在四川省范围内抽取8 006名5岁以下儿童,测量身高体重,用2006年WHO生长发育标准进行评价。结果 四川省5岁以下儿童生长迟缓率、低体重率、消瘦率分别为7.26%、 2.74%、2.87%。儿童超重率及肥胖率分别为12.93%、5.17%。营养不良和营养过剩水平存在城乡、性别和年龄差异。结论 四川省5岁以下儿童营养不良水平较低,营养过剩水平较高。制定不同年龄阶段相应的措施,降低儿童的营养不良和肥胖是今后营养改善工作的重点。     

Nutrition,Cognition, and Social Emotion among Preschoolers in Poor,Rural Areas of South Central China: Status and Correlates

Existing empirical evidence suggests that the prevalence of undernutrition in remote and poor, rural areas is still high among Chinese children. While evidence reveals that undernutrition may detrimentally affect child development, studies focusing on rural Chinese preschoolers are sparse. Using the baseline survey of a preschool’s free nutritious lunch pilot program, this study examined the relationship between child undernutrition and developmental outcomes among a preschool-aged sample in poor, rural areas of China. We conducted the baseline survey in Hunan province in south central China in September 2018. A total of 1293 preschoolers living in two (then) nationally designated poverty counties in rural Hunan served as our study sample. Children’s nutritional statuses were measured using height-for-age z-score, weight-for-age z-score, and anemia, while their cognitive and socio-emotional skills were assessed using the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI) and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), respectively. We find that 33% of sample preschoolers were anemic, whereas the incidences of stunting and wasting were 11% and 2%, respectively. About 54% of the sample children had delay in at least one of the developmental domains measured in this study. Our findings provide suggestive evidence supporting that children from certain backgrounds tend to experience worse nutritional and developmental outcomes than their counterparts. After controlling for socioeconomic status, we observed that both anemia and stunting were negatively associated with children’s cognitive performance; however, they were not associated with socio-emotional performance. As such, this study suggests that free lunch programs have the potential to change children’s developmental trajectory in preschool. We believe that our results will contribute to the debate surrounding whether the nutritious lunch program in China should be expanded to the preschool education level.     

河北省5岁以下儿童生长发育Z评分及营养状况评价

【目的】 应用Z评分法对河北省5岁以下儿童生长发育及营养状况进行评价和分析,为做好儿童保健工作提供科学依据。 【方法】 采用分层随机整群抽样法,抽取河北省24个县、3个城市5岁以下儿童15 930人为研究对象,对其进行身高、体重测量,采用WHO Anthroplus 2007软件计算Z评分值。 【结果】 生长发育迟缓(HAZ<2)患病率11.41％(1 818/15 930)、低体重(WAZ<2)患病率7.06%(1 125/15 930)、消瘦(WHZ<2)患病率2.58%(411/15 930),且城乡差异显著,尤其是生长发育迟缓农村患病率12.35%,约是城市的3.2倍;儿童年龄别身高Z评分(HAZ)、年龄别体重Z评分(WAZ)以及身高别体重Z评分(WHZ)均值分别为0.96±1.08、0.51±1.32和0.08±1.68。其中城市分别为0.18±1.37、0.19±1.12和0.52±1.11,农村分别为1.23±1.40、0.63±1.21和0.12±1.24。仅城市WAZ和WHZ为正值,其余均为负值,且平均Z评分随年龄增长呈下降趋势。 【结论】 河北省儿童生长发育水平与WHO推荐的参考标准有一定差距,且城乡差异显著,农村儿童营养状况欠佳。     

Nutritional status of under-five children living in an informal urban settlement in Nairobi, Kenya

Malnutrition in sub-Saharan Africa contributes to high rates of childhood morbidity and mortality. However, little information on the nutritional status of children is available from informal settlements. During the period of post-election violence in Kenya during December 2007-March 2008, food shortages were widespread within informal settlements in Nairobi. To investigate whether food insecurity due to post-election violence resulted in high prevalence of acute and chronic malnutrition in children, a nutritional survey was undertaken among children aged 6-59 months within two villages in Kibera, where the Kenya Medical Research Institute/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention conducts population-based surveillance for infectious disease syndromes. During 25 March-4 April 2008, a structured questionnaire was administered to caregivers of 1,310 children identified through surveillance system databases to obtain information on household demographics, food availability, and child-feeding practices. Anthropometric measurements were recorded on all participating children. Indices were reported in z-scores and compared with the World Health Organization (WHO) 2005 reference population to determine the nutritional status of children. Data were analyzed using the Anthro software of WHO and the SAS. Stunting was found in 47.0% of the children; 11.8% were underweight, and 2.6% were wasted. Severe stunting was found in 23.4% of the children; severe underweight in 3.1%, and severe wasting in 0.6%. Children aged 36-47 months had the highest prevalence (58.0%) of stunting while the highest prevalence (4.1%) of wasting was in children aged 6-11 months. Boys were more stunted than girls (p < 0.01), and older children were significantly (p < 0.0001) stunted compared to younger children. In the third year of life, girls were more likely than boys to be wasted (p < 0.01). The high prevalence of chronic malnutrition suggests that stunting is a sustained problem within this urban informal settlement, not specifically resulting from the relatively brief political crisis. The predominance of stunting in older children indicates failure in growth and development during the first two years of life. Food programmes in Kenya have traditionally focused on rural areas and refugee camps. The findings of the study suggest that tackling childhood stunting is a high priority, and there should be fostered efforts to ensure that malnutrition-prevention strategies include the urban poor.     

Implications of women's work for child nutritional status in sub-Saharan Africa: a case study of Nigeria

The study examines the relationships between women's work and child nutritional status (stunting and wasting) of 5331 Nigerian children aged 0-59 months, using data from the 1990 Nigerian Demographic and Health Survey. In defining women's work, the study considers whether women earned cash from their work and carried their children to work in order to assess the importance of childcare and income, which are the principal pathways through which women's work affects child nutritional status. The study also examines infants and children differently in order to assess the influence of child's age on nutritional status. The results reveal that wasting among infants increased when mothers did not take them to work. Furthermore, mothers' work reduced stunting in their children, but the expected positive effect of earning cash from work on childhood nutrition was less visible from the results. Other results from the study revealed that during infancy, having recent episodes of diarrhea or shorter breast-feeding duration increased wasting. Additionally, wasting was lower during infancy for children in households with pit toilets and children with Christian mothers. For infants, immunization reduced stunting, but longer duration of breast-feeding, being a higher parity child, being in households with pit toilets increased stunting. During childhood, higher birth weight, immunization, and having a Christian mother reduced stunting and wasting. Children in wealthy households are less likely to be stunted, while mother's education and being a higher parity child increased stunting. Also during childhood, having a Christian mother reduced wasting while recent episodes of fever increased wasting.     

我国5岁以下儿童及其母亲贫血状况及相关因素分析

目的 :　分析我国城市与农村 5岁以下儿童贫血状况、影响因素以及儿童贫血与母亲贫血的关系。方法 :　用 HEMOCUE光度计 ,测定指血血红蛋白。统计分析方法采用描述性与多因素 Logistic回归分析方法。结果 :　城市 5岁以下儿童贫血患病率 1 2 .2 8% ,农村 2 6.71 % ,全国平均 2 1 .67%。母亲贫血率城市 1 1 .8% ,农村 2 6.2 8% ,全国平均 2 0 .1 4%。通过 Logistic回归分析 ,1 8m以内婴幼儿贫血因素有 :哺母乳 OR=3 .92 ,母亲贫血 OR=2 .2 3 ,低出生体重 OR=1 .65 ,未加蛋类 OR=1 .3 8,未加奶类 OR=1 .5 4。 1 8～ 60个月儿童贫血因素有 :母亲贫血 OR=2 .74,哺母乳 OR=1 .87,生长迟缓 OR=1 .85 ,低体重 OR=1 .60。结论 :　我国农村 5岁以下儿童及母亲贫血率均高于城市。儿童贫血与低出生体重、辅食添加、哺母乳和母亲的营养状况都有密切关系。