Results of the surgical treatment of ankle fractures in children and adolescents]

We present results of treatment in 36 cases of distal tibial epiphyseolysis in 34 patients treated between 1999 and 2005 with a minimal follow up of 12 months (average 28,5, range 13-84 months). The mean age at injury was 12 years (range from 7 to 16). There were 22 cases of type II injury according to the Salter-Harris classification, 5 cases of type VII, 3 of type IV, 2 of type I and two cases of triplane fracture, one case of retrospectively recognised type V and one of type III. 12 children required open reduction and K-wire fixation, the rest of 22 children underwent closed reduction followed by percutaneus fixation in 12 cases. Concomitant fibular fracture occured in 30 cases and required open reduction and fixation in 4. There were 18 good, 14 fair and 3 bad results according to Gleizes. The mean AOFAS scale result was 92.7. One child underwent 2 weeks of intravenous antybiotic therapy to recover from superficial skin infection around percutaneus K-wires. Four cases of physeal bar formation were noted. In two of them distal tibial osteotomy to correct ankle varus was necessary and one underwent bony bridge removal followed by fatty tissue interposition. The remaining physeal bar resulted in 10 degree of ankle valgus without functional dispairement.     

Fractures of the adult distal humerus. Elbow function after internal fixation

We reviewed 57 adult patients at an average of 37 months after early internal fixation for displaced fractures of the distal humerus. Two-thirds had intercondylar (Müller type C) fractures, and one-third had articular comminution (type C3). A chevron olecranon osteotomy was used, with early active movement after fixation. Results were good or excellent in 76% with an average range of movement of 115 degrees. Early stable fixation by an experienced surgeon is recommended for these fractures.     

Increased bone turnover as reflected by biochemical markers in patients with potentially unstable fixation of the tibial component

Introduction Whether biochemical markers of bone metabolism can be used in assessing the conditions of implant fixation is unknown. In this study, the serum levels of three bone markers were measured prospectively in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) to determine if patients with different fixation conditions of the tibial component showed any differences in the levels of the markers.Materials and methods The fixation of the tibial component in 40 knees (40 patients, 14 male and 26 female, average age 71 years) was assessed by radiostereometric analysis (RSA), and based upon the pattern of migration, implants with stable fixation (n=25) and potentially unstable fixation (n=15) were identified. Serum levels of carboxyterminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PICP), osteocalcin (OC) and cross-linked carboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP) were assessed and compared between the two fixation groups. Blood samples were obtained preoperatively (baseline) and repeated postoperatively at 1 week, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months.Results The baseline levels of the markers were statistically the same (p>0.05) between the two fixation groups. Postoperatively, ICTP levels in the unstable group were significantly higher than in the stable group from 6 to 24 months (p=0.02). Levels of OC in the unstable group were higher at 12 and 24 months compared with the stable group, reaching statistical significance only at 12 months (p=0.03). No difference in the levels of PICP was found between the two groups.Conclusion The findings indicate a more active bone turnover probably at the bone-cement/implant interface in knees with potentially unstable fixation. It reveals the potential value for biochemical markers in monitoring implant fixation and aseptic loosening and suggests a possibility for improving implant fixation by drugs which inhibit osteolysis.     

Coracoclavicular stabilization using a suture anchor technique

Multiple fixation options exist for coracoclavicular stabilization, but many are technically demanding and require hardware removal. In the study reported here, we reviewed a specific fixation technique that includes suture anchors moored in the base of the coracoid process. We retrospectively reviewed 24 consecutive cases of patients who underwent coracoclavicular stabilization with a suture anchor for a type III or type V acromioclavicular (AC) joint separation or a group II, type II or type V distal clavicle fracture. Eighteen of the 22 patients had full strength and painless range of motion (ROM) in the affected extremity by 3 months and at final follow-up (minimum, 24 months; mean, 39 months). Two patients were lost to follow-up. Four patients had early complications likely secondary to documented noncompliance. Two of these 4 patients underwent reoperation with a similar procedure and remained asymptomatic at a minimum follow-up of 15 months. One patient underwent osteophyte and knot excision 7 months after surgery and remained asymptomatic at 30 months. Our results suggest that coracoclavicular stabilization using a suture anchor technique is a safe and reliable method of treating acromioclavicular joint separations and certain distal clavicle fractures in the compliant patient.     

Early complications in the management of open femur fractures: a retrospective study

Fifty patients with 53 open fractures of the femur were reviewed retrospectively. There were three subtrochanteric, 32 shaft, and 18 supraintercondylar fractures. Eleven were type I open fractures, 20 were type II open fractures, and 22 were type III open fractures. After initial debridement, 33 fractures had immediate internal fixation, nine had delayed internal fixation, one had external fixation, and 10 were treated with traction and cast bracing. Nine (16%) fractures, two type II and seven type III, developed deep infection. Five infections persisted at 6 months. Immediate internal fixation was followed by deep infection in one of 22 type I or II fractures and six of 11 type III fractures. There were five nonunions and seven delayed unions. Five of 44 uninfected and seven of 10 infected fractures had delayed union or nonunion. In this series, most patients with type III open femur fractures had severe associated multiple trauma. Immediate internal fixation was associated with greater local complications. We have concluded that immediate internal fixation of type III femoral fractures is only relatively indicated and must be applied with caution.     

经皮前路螺钉固定治疗枢椎齿状突骨折

 目的 回顾性分析经皮和开放前路螺钉固定治疗枢椎齿状突骨折, 比较两种方法的临床和影像学结果。方法 2003年 3月至 2010年 5月, 115例齿状突骨折患者接受前路螺钉固定治疗并获得随访。年龄 16~71岁, 平均 43.5岁。经皮固定组 47例: 域型骨折 42例, 浅芋型骨折 5例;采用经皮工作通道下前路螺钉固定。开放固定组 68例: 域型骨折 61例, 浅芋型 7例;采用传统开放手术方法治疗。分析两组手术时间、术中出血量、术者放射线暴露时间、骨折愈合和并发症等方面的差异。结果 115例患者均获得随访, 随访时间 12~70个月, 平均 37.6个月。术前两组性别、年龄、骨折类型、受伤至手术时间、伴发脊柱损伤情况差异无统计学意义。平均手术时间: 经皮固定组(40.3±9.5) min, 开放固定组(62.9±15.3) min, 经皮固定组显著短于开放组(P约 0.05)。术中平均出血量: 经皮固定组(5.6±4.1) ml, 开放固定组(47.1±28.6) ml, 经皮固定组显著少于开放组(P约 0.01)。两组在术者放射线暴露时间、骨折愈合情况和并发症发生率方面差异无统计学意义。结论经皮前路螺钉固定是一种安全有效的治疗域型或浅芋型齿状突骨折的方法, 与开放固定法比较创伤相对小。     

渐进式功能锻炼对肱骨远端C 型骨折双钢板内固定术后影响

目的:探讨渐进式功能锻炼在肱骨远端C型骨折双钢板内固定术后对肘关节功能影响。方法:对纳入标准的80例肱骨远端C型骨折患者均给予双钢板内固定术,术后随机分为治疗组和对照组各40例,治疗组术后即可给予渐进式功能锻炼;对照组术后患肢于伸肘30°位石膏外固定制动,1周后(术后7~11天)开始功能锻炼。采用肘关节Mayo评分、肘关节活动度比较2组术后2周、术后3月、术后6月肘关节功能,并对术后6月并发症进行对比。结果:80例均获得随访,治疗组和对照组术后3月、术后6月肘关节疼痛、活动度、稳定性以及日常生活活动能力与术后2周比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后3月、术后6月治疗组肘关节疼痛评分均高于对照组(P<0.05);治疗组和对照组术后3月、术后6月肘关节屈曲度、肘关节伸直差值度、前臂旋前度及前臂旋后度与术后2周比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后3月、术后6月治疗组肘关节屈曲度,肘关节伸直差值度,前臂旋前度,前臂旋后度均高于对照组(P<0.05);术后3月两组优良率经Wilcoxon秩和检验(Z=–1.976,P<0.05);术后6月两组优良率经Wilcoxon秩和检验(Z=–2.042,P<0.05);2组术后6月均无出现切口感染及血管神经损伤,术后总并发症比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:肱骨远端C型骨折双钢板内固定术后早期渐进式功能锻炼在肘关节活动度、功能恢复、疼痛缓解方面具有明显优势,且安全可靠。     

Dynamic compression plates for Vancouver type B periprosthetic femoral fractures: a 3-year follow-up of 18 cases

Background There is no consensus on the best surgical treatment of periprosthetic femoral fractures. We report our experience with a dynamic compression plate.

Patients and methods We reviewed the results of 18 periprosthetic femoral fractures treated with open reduction and internal fixation using the dynamic compression plate (DCP). There were 7 Vancouver type B1, 2 type B2 and 9 type B3 fractures. 16 cases had previously undergone at least one revision procedure. In addition to a DCP plate, all B2 and B3 fractures were revised to cemented prostheses, and all B3 fractures were revised with impaction grafting. Mean follow-up was 39 months.

Results The mean healing time for those 11 cases that united was 13 months. One B1-type and one B3-type fracture with plate fracture within 8 months of surgery failed to heal. Furthermore, one B1-type fracture and one B2-type fracture failed and developed nonunion. 3 patients died, from causes not related to surgery, within 8 months after surgery without signs of healing.

Interpretation Open reduction and internal fixation using DCPs seems to be a valid method for the treatment of postoperative periprosthetic femoral fractures with stable stem in place. If the stem is unstable, we suggest that DCPs may be used in association with femoral revision using a long stem. In cases with stable stem (B1), we are inclined to agree with other authors that additional fixation using an extramedullary cortical strut graft may be necessary to improve stability and promote final healing.     

两种方法治疗桡骨远端不稳定骨折的疗效比较

目的比较桡骨远端（斜）T形钢板内固定和闭合复位石膏外固定两种方法治疗桡骨远端不稳定性骨折的效果。方法对2002年3月-2007年3月间的不稳定型骨折96例103侧进行分析，其中钢板内固定42例45侧，其余为手法复位石膏外固定。结果随访12～63个月，平均33．5个月。按Dienst功能评分标准评定，钢板内固定组的优良率是86．67％，其中A2，A3型为92．31％，B，C型是84．38％；手法复位石膏外固定组则分别为71％，88．20％，63．40％。两组的A2，A3型比较差异无显著性意义（P〉0．05），B，C型组间比较差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05）。结论对A2，A3型骨折，两种治疗方法优良率差别不大；对B，C型骨折，（斜）T形钢板内固定治疗的效果要优于闭合复位石膏外固定。     

微创内固定系统治疗复杂股骨转子部骨折的初步报告

目的探讨微创内固定系统(LISS)治疗复杂股骨转子部骨折的可行性、手术技术及指征,并总结其近期临床治疗效果。方法自2005年6月～2006年5月,应用LISS治疗复杂股骨转子部骨折12例。骨折采用AO分类法,其中转子间骨折5例：31-A2．2型2例,31-A2．3型2例,31-A3．3型1例；转子下骨折7例：32-A3．1型1例,32-B1．1型3例,32-B2．1型1例,32-B3．1型2例。记录手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间,术后观察有无感染、下肢深静脉血栓、心肺疾患、应激性溃疡等并发症。术后1、2、3、6、12个月时常规随访。结果手术时间50～90 min,平均65 min；出血量50～400 mL,平均142 mL,术后住院时间6～15 d,平均9．3 d。无死亡病例。所有患者均未出现切口感染、下肢深静脉血栓、术后心肺疾患、应激性溃疡等并发症。12例均获得3～14个月(平均7．2个月)随访。10例在术后3个月复查骨折时达到临床愈合,1例假体周围骨折术后4个月、1例病理性骨折术后6个月达到临床愈合。所有患者在最后一次随访时均无骨折再移位、髋内翻畸形、内固定切出、内固定失败及股骨头坏死。结论微创反向使用股骨LISS从生物力学和解剖结构上都能满足股骨近端骨折内固定要求,并具有创伤小、操作简便、固定可靠、安全性高、并发症少的特点,尤其适用于老年人合并内科疾病、骨质疏松较重的转子间骨折及复杂的股骨近端骨折。熟练掌握间接复位技术,正确放置A孔导针,避免过早负重是手术成功的关键。     

Halo?鄄Vest外固定架治疗枢椎齿状突新鲜骨折

【摘要】〓目的〓探讨Halo-Vest外固定架治疗枢椎齿状骨突新鲜骨折的适应证及临床疗效。方法〓回顾32例枢椎齿状突新鲜骨折患者采用Halo-Vest架外固定治疗。按Grauer改良的Anderson-D’Alonzo分型:Ⅱ型23例,其中ⅡA型15例,ⅡB型2例,ⅡC型6例,Ⅲ型9例。本组均采用枕颌牵引3周后改行Halo-Vest架外固定治疗。结果〓本组32例患者全部获得随访,随访时间4个月~2年,平均1年2月,影像学证实全部病人均获得骨性愈合,愈合时间3~4个月,平均3.1个月;所有患者的寰枢椎关节稳定,寰枢椎屈伸和旋转功能恢复良好。结论〓Halo-Vest外固定架具有经济、操作简单安全、创伤小并且有使颈椎过伸牵引复位等优点,是治疗枢椎齿状突新鲜骨折的理想方法,即使对于Ⅱ型骨折也仍是值得推荐的治疗方法。     

桡骨远端C3型骨折不同治疗方法的回顾性研究

目的 探讨C3型桡骨远端骨折有效治疗方法.方法 对2017年6月-2018年7月收治的53例桡骨远端C3型骨折患者,分别采用闭合复位外固定架固定和切开复位锁定加压钢板内固定两种方法进行固定,其中外固定架组34例,内固定组19例,并按照两种治疗方法的复位标准和功能标准对优良率进行比较.结果 53例术后均获得随访,随访时间...     

Functional and radiological outcomes following plating for displaced fractures of patella: A pilot study

Introduction: Patellar fractures constitute almost 1% of total skeletal injuries. Existing common operative methods include the use of different types of Tension band wiring techniques like cannulated screws and K-wires. The Patellar plating construct is a relatively newer operative method for patellar fracture fixation with promising outcomes with fewer complications.Method: We conducted a pilot prospective study at our Apex Trauma center in twenty patients aged 18–65years with displaced patellar fractures, AO type A2, A3, B2, B3, C1, C2, C3. Fractures were fixed with low profile patellar plates (1.8 mm). Radiological and functional follow-up was done using X-rays, CT scans and BKS scoring (Bostman-Knee-Scale), Knee Society Score(KSS), and Tegner Lysholm knee scores respectively for two years.Result: Mean functional outcome scores at 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months and 2 years was 25.5, 28.3, 29.05 and 29.9 for BKS; 64.62, 84.12, 90.6, and 97.5 for KSS; 73.75, 89.7,94.8, and 99.3 for Tegner Lysholm knee score respectively. Radiological union, confirmed by CT scan, was observed in all patients at 3 months. Two patients had superficial surgical site infection (SSI) at 2 weeks. Implant impingement was also found in 2 patients at 3 months. None of the patients had a failure of fixation at the end of the study.Conclusion: Patients with low profile patellar plate constructs have favorable clinical and radiological outcomes with minimal non-specific complications.     

Hamstring insertion site healing after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in patients with symptomatic hardware or repeat rupture: a histologic study in 12 patients

Purpose:Our goal was to characterize the type of biologic anchor of hamstring tendons to the femoral tunnel in cases of transfixion fixation for the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. The histologic bone-hamstring tendon anchorage is not yet clearly understood despite many experimental and some clinical studies. It constitutes the weak point of the ACL reconstruction. The type of fixation, either distant from the joint such as transfixion fixation or at the tunnel entrance such as aperture fixation will determine a specific tendon-bone healing process.Type of study:Histological study.Methods:We performed ACL reconstruction with 4 strands of semitendinosus and gracilis tendons fastened by a transfixion fixation. Femoral fixation was secured by transfixion (Transfix; Arthrex, Naples, CA) and tibia fixation by a biodegradable interference screw and 2 staples. Between 3 and 20 months after surgery, we performed 12 hamstring tendon biopsies (in 9 men and 3 women; mean age, 29 years). Biopsies were performed 2 cm from the femoral outlet in 10 patients undergoing hardware removal or by coring the femoral tunnel in 2 cases of repeat rupture. In 8 cases, the femoral device was removed for persistent lateral pain, in 2 cases for instability of the hardware, and in 2 cases a repeat rupture of the graft occurred. The samples were taken by coring a tunnel 5 mm in diameter, with a tubular harvester, along the femoral Transfix axis. Each fragment was stained with H&E, Solochrome cyanine, or Masson-trichrome, and microscopical examination was performed, including polarized light.Results:At 3 months (in 1 case), a fibrovascular interface was seen between the tendon and uncalcified osteoid with very few collagen fibers. At 5 and 6 months (in 2 cases), some Sharpey-like fibers and less immature woven bone was seen. Maturity of the secondary insertion was seen after at least 10 months in 5 cases. In 2 cases, no contact was seen at the biopsy site despite good clinical stability. The 2 remaining cases underwent repeat rupture at the midsubstance of the graft at 12 and 17 months after surgery. In the first case, the tendon-bone fixation was limited at the outlet of the femoral tunnel with no fixation inside the tunnel. In the second case, the fixation was continuous with Sharpey fibers along the tunnel.Conclusions:According to our histologic results in patients, the time to obtain a mature indirect anchorage at the top of the tunnel was 10 to 12 months, which is much longer than in reported animal models (6 to 24 weeks). To our knowledge, this is the first clinical study reporting the histologic type of femoral ligament insertion 2 cm from the outlet of the tunnel with hamstring autograft for ACL reconstruction.     

锁定加压钢板与克氏针结合外固定支架治疗老年绝经期骨质疏松性桡骨远端复杂关节内骨折疗效分析

目的探讨锁定加压钢板与克氏针结合外固定支架治疗老年绝经期骨质疏松性桡骨远端复杂关节内骨折的疗效。方法 80例骨质疏松性桡骨远端复杂关节内骨折患者按手术方式分为两组,各40例:Ⅰ组骨折AO/ASIF分型:C1型11例,C2型15例,C3型14例,采用锁定加压钢板固定治疗,Ⅱ组骨折AO/ASIP分型:C1型12例,C2型13例,C3型15例,采用克氏针结合支架外固定治疗。术后比较两组患者骨折愈合情况、腕关节功能恢复情况和并发症发生率。结果两组患者均获随访,随访时间8~10个月,平均(8.3±1.4)个月。术后Ⅰ组愈合率为97.5(39/40),Ⅱ组愈合率为95.0%(38/40),两组愈合率比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.866,P=0.352)。两组患者骨折愈合时间、术后桡骨短缩距离比较差异亦无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组C1型、C2型骨折患者术后腕关节功能恢复情况比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),而Ⅰ组C3型骨折患者术后Gartland-Werly评分显著高于Ⅱ组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。Ⅰ组术后出现并发症3例(7.5%):碎骨片畸形愈合1例,手术切除后愈合;切口感染2例,予抗生素后得到控制;Ⅱ组术后并发症4例(10%):骨折延迟愈合2例,针道感染2例,予常规抗生素治疗后痊愈。结论对于C1型、C2型桡骨远端复杂关节内骨折患者,可以选择锁定加压钢板或克氏针联合外固定支架固定治疗;而对于严重的C3型骨折患者,克氏针联合外固定支架治疗效果更佳。     

Dynamic compression plate fixation for post-operative fractures around the tip of a hip prosthesis

Post-operative fractures around the tip of the femoral component of a hip prosthesis are inherently unstable and have been reported to be associated with high nonunion rate if treated conservatively. A group of 27 of these fractures were treated with dynamic compression plates between 1994 and 2000. The fractures followed primary total hip arthroplasty in 10 cases, revision surgery in five cases and hemiarthroplasty in 12 cases. According to the Vancouver classification, there were 18 type B1, six type B2 and three type B3 fractures. The average age was 82 years. The average follow up was 35.7 months (range 12-72 months). Complications included one nonunion (B3) and three fixation failures (one B2 and two B3). Also, two cases became infected, one of these was managed conservatively, the other needed removal of plate and prosthesis. Twenty patients regained their pre-injury mobility. Dynamic compression plate fixation is sufficient for type B1 and some selected cases of type B2 fractures that occur around the tip of a hip prosthesis.     

肱骨髁间骨折的内固定治疗

目的探讨切开复位双钢板内固定治疗肱骨髁间骨折的方法和临床疗效。方法回顾性分析采用双钢板内固定治疗肱骨髁间骨折44例。骨折按AO/OTA分型:C1型10例(22.7%),C2型18例(40.9%),C3型16例(36.4%)。术后随访时记录骨折愈合时间及Mayo肘关节功能评分。结果 44例中39例获得随访,平均随访21.6个月(13.0～31.0个月),平均骨折愈合时间为14.7周(12.0～21.0周)。术后12.0个月Mayo评分平均为82.4分(45.0～100.0分)。结论切开复位双钢板内固定能对骨折进行有效固定,保证早期功能锻炼,肘关节功能恢复满意。     

两种方式治疗Rüedi-Allgöwer Ⅲ型Pilon骨折的比较

目的 比较有限内固定结合外固定支架与前正中联合后外侧入路切开复位内固定治疗Rüedi-Allg?werⅢ型Pilon骨折的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析2008年3月至2015年6月我科治疗117例Rüedi-Allg?werⅢ型Pilon骨折病人的病例资料,男65例,女52例,年龄为20~67岁.根据手术方式不同分为两组:53例采用有限内固定结合外固定支架治疗(外固定组),64例采用前正中联合后外侧入路切开复位内固定治疗(切开复位组).两组病人一般资料比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05).比较两组病人的手术时间、术中出血量、术后首次负重时间、早期并发症、远期并发症、Mazur功能评分.结果 术后病人均获得随访,随访时间为12~36个月,平均为(22.0±3.6)个月.两组病人术中出血量、术后首次负重时间和早期并发症情况比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05);手术时间、术后远期并发症及末次随访Mazur功能评分比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05).切开复位组治疗效果较对照组更优.结论 与有限内固定结合外固定支架治疗Rüedi-Allg?werⅢ型Pilon骨折比较,前正中联合后外侧入路切开复位内固定治疗Rüedi-Allg?werⅢ型Pilon骨折可以充分暴露骨折端,复位关节面满意,固定牢靠,患肢术后功能恢复远期疗效更好.     

Dall-Miles plates for periprosthetic femoral fractures. A critical review of 16 cases

Fourteen patients with 16 periprosthetic femoral fractures around hip replacement were treated with Dall-Miles plates between June 1996 and February 2000.There were 10 Vancouver B3, three B1 and three type C fractures. In addition to a Dall-Miles plate, two of the fractures (one B3 and one C type) were also stabilised with one strut graft and nine B3 fractures were revised with impaction grafting.Of the three B1 fractures treated with plates, two failed through fracture of the plate. A further two patients with B3 fractures treated with plates also failed with fracture of the plate. Failure of these plates occurred within 6 months of surgery.All non-unions and fixation failures in this series were in cases where the femoral component did not bypass the most distal fracture line by at least two cortical diameters.The Dall-Miles plates and cable system alone is insufficient for the treatment for periprosthetic femoral fractures. It must be supplemented with additional intramedullary or extramedullary fixation.