主动脉EVAR治疗腹主动脉瘤的临床效果分析

目的:探讨采用主动脉腔内修复术(EVAR)治疗腹主动脉瘤的临床效果。方法:对2014年3月—2016年9月手术治疗的97例肾下型腹主动脉瘤患者的治疗情况进行回顾性分析。根据手术方式分为主动脉腔内修复术治疗43例(EVAR组)和传统开腹手术54例(开腹组),对比两组患者的围手术期指标及治疗效果。结果:术后24 h观察,两组患者97例均手术成功,术中无患者死亡。开腹组实施单纯人工腹主动脉瘤血管移植(I型)18例,采取腹主-双髂动脉移植(IIa和IIb型)30例,腹主-双髂股动脉移植6例(IIc型);EVAR组中I型患者选择直管型支架置入11例,IIa和IIb型15例选择主-髂单臂型支架置入,IIa、IIb及IIc型17例选择分支型支架置入。与开腹组比较,EVAR组的手术时间、术中出血量、术中输血量、ICU停留时间、术后下床活动时间、禁食时间、住院时间均明显缩短或减少(P0.05)。两组间并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(9.30%vs.11.11%,χ~2=0.085,P=0.771)。结论:主动脉EVAR治疗腹主动脉瘤较开腹手术的主要优势是手术创伤小、恢复快的优点,同时手术效果可靠。     

腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术后髂支闭塞治疗策略的单中心经验

目的 探讨腹主动脉瘤患者腹主动脉腔内修复术（endovascular aortic repair,EVAR）后髂支闭塞的原因和治疗策略。方法 回顾性分析佛山市第一人民医院2010年1月至2022年1月收治的15例EVAR术后髂支闭塞的病例资料。结果 14例患者采取手术治疗,技术成功率为100%;1例采取药物保守治疗,患者症状得到改善或消失。患者术后随访6～36个月,平均（20.3±6.8）个月,1例患者死于脑卒中,无再发髂支闭塞、截肢等严重不良事件发生。结论 EVAR术后发生髂支闭塞并不少见。如发生髂支闭塞,需仔细分析原因并及时处理,综合患者情况选择合适的治疗方案。     

类鼻疽感染性腹主动脉瘤13例临床分析

目的分析类鼻疽感染性腹主动脉瘤患者的临床特征、治疗及预后。方法回顾性分析海南省人民医院2010年10月至2019年9月收治的13例类鼻疽感染性腹主动脉瘤患者的临床资料。结果 12例患者有明确农田接触史,住院期间静脉抗感染(23.2±17.3)d,院外口服抗感染(8.6±6.1)个月。7例患者行开放手术,5例行EVAR,1例单纯抗感染治疗。围术期2例患者开放手术后分别因肠瘘、腹腔出血再次手术;1例支架感染,取出支架后行双侧腋-股动脉转流术;2例患者死亡。患者平均随访25.3(3～60)个月,腋-股动脉转流患者术后2个月右侧人工血管血栓形成,术后6个月左侧血栓形成;1例EVAR术后3年感染症状未控制。结论类鼻疽感染性腹主动脉瘤患者多有湿润土壤接触史,病情比较复杂,足量的抗感染治疗是基础,合适的外科手术能降低病死率。     

腹主动脉瘤患者腔内修复术后再入院预后因素分析

目的探讨腹主动脉瘤患者腔内修复术(EVAR)后再入院的预后因素。方法回顾性分析2010年1月1日至2017年12月31日在复旦大学附属中山医院血管外科因腹主动脉瘤行EVAR的1 129例患者的临床资料。男性948例, 女性181例, 年龄(71.2±9.6)岁(范围:18～93岁)。合并原发性高血压630例, 糖尿病129例, 冠心病163例;有吸烟史214例, 既往胸主动脉EVAR 11例。收集患者截至2019年12月31日的随访资料, 以再入院为主要终点事件。采用Cox回归进行再入院的预后因素分析。结果全组患者至少完成1次随访, 随访时间22.7(42.6)个月(范围:1～120个月)。术后1年主动脉相关再入院患者占4.52%(51/1 129)。随访期间主动脉相关再入院患者占11.34%(128/1 129), 其中88.3%(113/128)为积极再干预。再入院的最主要原因为内漏(60例), 其次为髂支闭塞(25例)和髂动脉远端瘤样扩张(12例), 其余原因包括瘤体破裂(10例)等。单因素分析结果显示, 年龄(HR=0.972, 95%CI:0.956～0.987, P<...     

支架植入预防腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术后髂支血栓形成的疗效研究

目的探讨裸支架植入对于腹主动脉瘤腔内修复(EVAR)术后髂支血栓形成的预防效果。方法 2005年1月～2010年12月,我院共实施322例EVAR术。为预防支架内闭塞的发生,根据血管造影并结合术前CT血管造影(CTA)检查评估,42例患者EVAR术中行裸支架植入,通过术后血管彩超及增强CT检查定期随访患者中期支架通畅率。结果 EVAR术技术成功率为100%,均应用分叉型支架型人工血管,其中不锈钢支架26例(61.9%),镍钛记忆合金支架16例(38.1%)。42例EVAR术中行裸支架植入的患者中,围手术期死亡率7.1%(3/42),髂支血栓形成1例,其余患者均恢复顺利出院。平均随访时间(15.4±8.7)个月,随访期间死亡率5.1%(2/39),髂支血栓形成1例。支架总体通畅率为94.9%(37/39)。结论通过术中多角度血管造影结合术前CTA检查结果,裸支架植入有助于预防EVAR术后髂支血栓形成。     

腔内隔绝术治疗主动脉瘤的初步经验

目的 探讨腔内隔绝术(EVAR)治疗主动脉瘤的方法、手术适应证,并评价其治疗效果.方法 回顾性分析2003年3月～2008年3月行EVAR术治疗65例主动脉瘤患者的临床资料;其中主动脉夹层动脉瘤33例(stanfnrd B),胸主动脉瘤4例,肾下腹主动脉瘤28例.结果 65例动脉瘤EVAR手术均获得成功,33例夹层动脉瘤的假腔在术后造影立刻消失,28例腹主动脉瘤及4例胸主动脉瘤瘤体成功隔绝.随访3～24个月,1例患者术后2个月死亡,其余患者未发现支架移位或内漏.结论 动脉瘤的EVAR术治疗具有创伤小、操作可行及效果确切等优点,早期疗效满意,但远期疗效有待于临床进一步观察.严格选择手术适应证是手术成功的关键.     

原发性腹主动脉瘤肠瘘(1例报道并文献

目的探讨腹主动脉瘤肠瘘的诊断和治疗.方法报告1例腹主动脉瘤肠瘘的诊治经过,并复习有关文献.[HTH结果本例为50岁女性患者,因腹痛2个月,外院剖腹探查发现腹主动脉瘤5d入院.术后13d突然发作上腹部剧痛,伴休克及上消化道大出血,疑诊为腹主动脉瘤肠瘘.急诊手术发现腹主动脉瘤近端空肠瘘,行腹主动脉瘤切除"人"形人造血管置换,十二指肠第4段及空肠上段切除,空肠-十二指肠降段侧侧吻合术.术后双下肢足背动脉搏动良好;唯持续高热,经抗生素治疗痊愈出院.结论该病罕见,死亡率可达30%以上.及时诊断和治疗是提高本病生存实墓丶由于腹主动脉与肠道相通,术后易发生败血症及腹膜后感染,故使用强有力的抗菌素治疗十分必要.     

高危复杂腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术临床分析

目的 评估应用多种腔内技术治疗高危复杂腹主动脉瘤的可行性.方法 2001年1月至2010年12月,共138例腹主动脉瘤患者接受腹主动脉腔内修复术(EVAR),其中9例患者为高危复杂性腹主动脉瘤.男性8例,女性1例,年龄26～87岁,平均67岁.其中2例近肾腹主动脉假性动脉瘤,5例近肾腹主动脉瘤,1例腹主动脉瘤合并双髂总动脉瘤及左侧髂内动脉瘤,1例EVAR术后右髂内动脉瘤.所采用的腔内技术包括:主动脉支架开窗技术和扇形技术2例,烟囱技术5例,球囊辅助下髂内动脉瘤腔内治疗1例和球囊辅助反转支架技术1例.结果 所有腔内技术均获得成功.术中支架释放后即刻发现内漏4例,其中1例患者为Ⅰ型和Ⅲ型内漏,经大动脉球囊扩张后内漏消失;2例Ⅰ型内漏,其中1例行弹簧栓栓塞成功,另1例行近端裸支架成功.1例Ⅱ型内漏,经随访瘤腔直径未增大,未处理.随访4～79个月,平均25.9个月.无动脉瘤破裂,动脉瘤瘤体直径均有不同程度的缩小.随访过程中7例患者的靶血管(肾动脉、肠系膜上动脉和髂内动脉)均保持通畅.1例髂内动脉重建支架术后18个月血栓形成,但无盆腔缺血等症状.结论 对于不能耐受手术的高危复杂腹主动脉瘤患者,选择合适的腔内技术可以增加EVAR术的成功率,近、中期效果满意.     

TEVAR后移植物感染合并主动脉食管瘘的外科治疗

背景与目的 主动脉食管瘘（AEF）是一种相对罕见的疾病,通常危及生命。尽管胸主动脉腔内修复术（TEVAR）已成为治疗胸主动脉瘤、胸主动脉夹层的一种成熟手术策略,但TEVAR后继发性AEF更为棘手。笔者报告7例该疾病的治疗方式和结果。方法 回顾性分析2018—2021年间收治的7例TEVAR后继发性AEF合并移植物感染患者的临床资料。所有7例患者均接受了介入或手术治疗,其中4例患者施行了开放手术治疗,即：非体外循环下升主动脉－腹主动脉解剖外人工血管旁路术、感染移植物及感染灶切除术、食管瘘口旷置引流术;2例患者施行了TEVAR;1例患者分期施行了TEVAR和开放手术。结果 一期和分期施行开放手术治疗的5例患者,2例痊愈出院,3例死亡。单纯施行TEVAR的2例患者,计划待抗感染、营养支持后限期施行开放手术,治疗期间死亡。结论 因感染移植物及感染灶的存在,保守治疗或单纯行TEVAR往往无法使患者获得救治。虽然开放手术病死率较高,但在条件允许时,清除感染灶及移植物,并进行解剖外主动脉重建及食管瘘旷置引流,是治疗TEVAR术后移植物感染合并主动脉食管瘘的合理策略。     

双套腹主动脉分支支架对腹主动脉瘤合并双侧髂动脉瘤的近期疗效

<正>腹主动脉瘤(abdominal aortic aneurysm,AAA)是由于腹主动脉退行性变而产生的动脉瘤样扩张,主动脉腔内修复术(endovascular aneurysm repair,EVAR)已成为腹主动脉瘤(abdominal aortic aneurysm,AAA)的主要治疗方式,11%～12%的AAA合并双侧髂总动脉瘤(common iliac aneurysm,CIA)^[1]。     

Aortoduodenal fistula after abdominal aortic stent graft presenting with extremity abscesses

Aortoenteric fistula (AEF) has been described after endovascular stent graft repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms (EVAR). AEF after EVAR has been associated with aneurysm growth, endoleak, migration, and aortic inflammation. We report a patient with an AEF presenting 2 years after EVAR with two abscesses in the right leg. A computed tomographic scan showed a gas-filled thrombus lining the right limb of his graft. At conversion, no endoleak, device migration, or residual aneurysm sac was found. AEF can occur after endoluminal stent graft (ELG) in the absence of aneurysm growth, endoleak, migration, or inflammation. AEF can cause ELG infection and extremity infection.     

Emergency endovascular stent grafting for thoracic aortic pathology

Our aim was to report single-center results of emergency endovascular treatment for thoracic aortic disease. From March 1998 to January 2006, 30 acute thoracic EVAR procedures were carried out in 29 patients. One patient received two procedures in different settings. Four patients died before treatment could be initiated. The pathology of aortic lesions included atherosclerotic aneurysm (n = 13), pseudoaneurysm (n = 6), aortic rupture (n = 5), type B dissection (n = 5), aortobronchial or aortoesophageal fistula (n = 4), and intramural hematoma (n = 1). The surgical mortality rate was 21%. Three patients died as a result of technical complications, and three patients died after technically successful procedures. The mean follow-up was 31 +/- 23 months. The late mortality rate was 40% (8 of 20). Four patients died of causes unrelated to the procedure; two patients died at home without autopsy. Two patients died as a consequence of graft infections. Three late nonfatal complications occurred. Two of these resulted in additional treatment: one patient developed a mycotic aneurysm that was treated with additional stent grafting, and one patient developed a type 3 endoleak after 6 years of follow-up and was successfully treated with a bridging stent graft. Endovascular treatment for acute thoracic disease is feasible and associated with a reasonable outcome. In selected cases, it may be considered as a first option.     

Endovascular repair for aorto-enteric fistula: a bridge too far or a bridge to surgery?

PURPOSE: To review our experience of endovascular treatment of aorto-enteric fistula (AEF). METHODS: Between March 1999 and March 2005, 15 patients in five university and teaching hospitals in Belgium and The Netherlands were treated for AEF by endovascular repair. Twelve (80%) were male. The mean age was 67 years. Thirteen (87%) had had previous aortic or iliac surgery, 1.7-307 months before. All patients showed clinical or biochemical signs of bleeding. Eight (53%) were in shock, five (33%) had systemic signs of infection. Eight (53%) patients were treated in an emergency setting. Ten (67%) were treated with an aortouniiliac device, three (20%) with an aortobiiliac device, one with a tube graft and one with occluders only. All patients received antibiotics postoperatively for a prolonged period of time. RESULTS: All AEF were successfully sealed, the 30-days mortality was nil. Mean hospital stay was 20 (2-81) days. One patient died 2.7 months later of postoperative complications, one died of lung cancer. Until now, there are no signs of reinfection in four (27%) patients (mean follow-up 15.7 (1-44) months). However, reinfection or recurrent AEF occurred in nine (60%) patients after 9.5 (0.61-31) months. Seven patients were reoperated successfully, two patients died after reintervention. CONCLUSION: Endovascular sealing of AEF is a promising technique, which provides time to treat shock, local and systemic infection, and co-morbidity. This creates a better situation to perform open repair in the future with possibly better outcome. Danger of reinfection remains high. Endovascular sealing of AEF should, therefore, be seen as a bridge to open surgery when possible.     

Is cross-femoral bypass grafting a disadvantage of aortomonoiliac endovascular aortic aneurysm repair?

PURPOSE: The need for cross-femoral bypass grafting (CFBG) is considered by some to be a major disadvantage of endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) with the aortomonoiliac technique. To determine the durability of CFBG in this setting, we examined data from 148 consecutive high-risk patients in a clinical trial of EVAR with a custom-made aortomonoiliac endovascular stent graft. METHODS: All data were collected prospectively. After hospital discharge, patients were evaluated at 1, 3, and 6 months and annually thereafter. All CFBG was constructed of expandable polytetrafluoroethylene. RESULTS: During follow-up averaging 23.6 +/- 16.2 months, nine CFBG complications developed in 8 patients (5.4%), including disruption (n = 2), infection (n = 3), thrombosis (n = 2), and pseudoaneurysm (n = 3). Four patients with CFBG complications died, of consequences of infection (n = 2), intracranial hemorrhage during attempted CFBG thrombolysis (n = 1), and intracranial hemorrhage during anticoagulation (n = 1). There were no amputations. At life table analysis, freedom from CFBG complication was 96.3% +/- 1.6% at 12 months, 94.1% +/- 2.2% at 24, 36, and 48 months, and 86.2% +/- 7.8% at 60 months. Overall survival for this high-risk patient group was 83.4% +/- 3.1% at 12 months, 70.4% +/- 4.1% at 24 months, 56.5% +/- 5.3% at 36 months, and 44.8% +/- 6.4% at 48 months. CONCLUSION: CFBG is durable, with a low rate of complications in patients undergoing aortomonoiliac EVAR. Need for CFBG should not discourage use of aortomonoiliac devices in patients with anatomy unfavorable for other EVAR approaches.     

主动脉假性动脉瘤腔内修复治疗效果

目的观察腔内修复术(EVAR)治疗主动脉假性动脉瘤(AP)的效果。方法回顾接受EVAR治疗的11例AP患者,分析疗效及随访情况。结果11例AP均为单一破口,EVAR技术成功率100%;术后均无内漏、出血、重要脏器缺血等并发症,无围术期死亡。术后随访2~24个月,期间3例死亡,1例失访。2例感染性AP、1例白塞综合征合并腹主动脉假性动脉瘤患者均于术后2个月死于动脉瘤复发破裂出血;另1例白塞综合征并发腹主动脉假性动脉瘤术后1年复发,植入左髂总动脉覆膜支架后好转;其余6例覆膜支架通畅,无移位、内漏及瘤腔内血栓形成。结论EVAR治疗主动脉假性动脉瘤安全、有效,预后与病因有关。     

经皮胆道射频消融术在治疗恶性胆道梗阻中的应用

目的分析经皮肝穿刺射频消融联合支架植入治疗恶性胆道梗阻的有效性、安全性。方法 33例恶性胆道梗阻患者接受胆道射频消融联合胆道金属支架植入治疗,评价术后1、2、3个月支架通畅率和患者的生存率。结果对33例患者均完成胆道射频消融联合胆道金属支架植入治疗。术后患者肝功能均得到不同程度的恢复。随访期内,中位支架通畅时间103天(9~578天)。术后1、2、3个月支架通畅率分别为78.79%(26/33)、66.67%(22/33)、54.55%(18/33)。随访期内,28例患者死亡,中位生存时间193天(19~578天)。患者术后1、2、3个月生存率分别为96.97%(32/33)、81.82%(27/33)、75.76%(25/33)。9例患者术后出现胆道感染,其中1例严重肝病患者死于胆道感染引起的感染性休克,8例患者恢复;13例患者出现无症状淀粉酶升高。所有患者均未出现胆道出血、穿孔等严重并发症。结论经皮肝穿刺射频消融联合金属支架植入治疗恶性胆道梗阻具有较高的安全性和有效性。     

Endovascular repair of an inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysm complicated by aortoduodenal fistulation with an unusual presentation

Aortoenteric fistulation (AEF) is a well-documented late complication of open abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair, occurring in between 0.4% and 4% of cases. In the absence of an anastomosis, AEF is likely to be rare after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) and has only recently been described in the literature as a result of mechanical stent failure or migration. We present the case of a 61-year-old man who underwent EVAR for an AAA with a "nonspecific" periaortic inflammatory mass. Six months postoperatively, an AEF developed, presenting with metastatic sepsis followed by septic infective thromboembolization to his right leg, and amputation was necessary. His stent was well positioned and mechanically intact. We emphasize the need for vigilance about the risk of AEF when adopting an endovascular approach to repair the AAA with a nonspecific periaortic inflammatory mass and highlight the need for awareness about the unusual septic manifestations of AEF.     

Surgical treatment of penile carcinoma: our experience from 1976 to 1997

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this work is to evaluate our experience with the surgical treatment of penile squamous carcinoma, analyzing the therapeutic results in terms of local recurrence rates, survival and mortality rates. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From 1976 to 1997, 47 patients were treated at our institution for carcinoma of penis. Treatment of primary tumor was conservative in 8 patients (17%). Partial penectomy was performed in 30 patients (63.8%); total penectomy in 5 (10.7%) and emasculation in 4 (8.5%). Pathological stage was pTis in 2 cases (4.2%), pT1 in 20 (42.6%), pT2 in 21 (44. 7%) and pT3 in 4 (8.5%). The tumor was clinically overstaged in 13 patients (27.7%) and understaged in 4 (8.5%). Bilateral inguinal lymphadenectomy was performed only in 4 patients clinically N+ (pN2) and in 3 clinically N0 (pN0). RESULTS: Local recurrence rate was 43% in the patients with pT1 stage tumor treated conservatively. No local recurrence was observed after penectomy. 19 patients (40.4%) are alive and disease-free; 17 patients (36.2%) died of the tumor and 11 patients (23.4%) died of other causes but disease-free. Mean follow-up is 69.43 months. The overall 5-year survival rate was 34%. CONCLUSION: Partial penectomy gives better results than conservative treatment in the local management of the T1 stage tumor. Survival and mortality rates are related to both pathological and histological stages. The high mortality rate observed in the pT2 stage tumors in our experience might be related to the fact that in this stage an inguinal lymphadenectomy was not performed as a rule.     

腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术后常见问题分析

目的 探讨腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术后常见并发症的预防和处理方法.方法 回顾性分析复旦大学附属中山医院2003年1月至2010年12月完成的344例肾下腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术的并发症及处理情况,其中男性302例,女性42例,年龄(69±8)岁.患者术后3个月、6个月、1年,以及其后每年行腹部X线片、螺旋CT血管造影复查.结果 即刻技术成功率99.7％ (343/344),择期手术病死率0.3％ (1/334),急诊及限期手术病死率1/10.随访率81.8％(279/341),随访3～84个月,平均32.9个月.随访期间病死率1.1％( 3/279),再次手术率10.4％ (29/279);总并发症发生率12.9％ (36/279),包括内漏5.7％(16/279),支架移位1.1％ (3/279),动脉瘤增大或破裂5.4％(15/279),支架内闭塞2.5％ (7/279),移植物感染1.4％(4/279).结论 与传统手术相比,腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术的微创优势突出,而术前评估是腔内治疗取得成功的首要因素.内漏是术后远期并发症的主要类型,且为再次手术的重要原因,影响患者的远期疗效,因此术后终身随访是治疗不可缺少的一部分.     

复杂性腹主动脉瘤腔内治疗:问题与对策

目的探讨人工覆膜支架腔内修复术(EVAR)治疗复杂性腹主动脉瘤(AAA)的可行性与安全性。方法回顾性分析35例接受EVAR治疗的复杂性AAA的患者资料。结果 35例均接受EVAR治疗,2例失败(1例入路血管严重狭窄,支架不能释放,2天后死亡;1例术中瘤体破裂,手术中断,术后1天死亡),手术成功率为94.29%(33/35)。6例术前瘤体已破裂,术后死亡2例。结论对于复杂性AAA,通过改良技术进行腔内治疗,能够取得良好疗效。