不同形状种植体支持单端固定桥的三维有限元分析北大核心

背景:种植体的形状影响其生物力学表现,目前对种植支持式单端固定桥的研究多在相同形状种植体进行,对不同形状种植体支持的单端固定桥的比较分析较少。目的:利用三维有限元建模,分析圆柱形、锥形与膨胀式3种种植体支持的单端固定桥在下颌后牙区的生物力学特征。方法:分别建立圆柱形、锥形与膨胀式种植体支持单端固定桥及其支持组织的三维有限元模型,对单端固定桥轴向90°和颊舌向45°分别施加300 N的力,分析皮质骨、松质骨的von Mises应力及种植体-基台复合体的最大位移。结果与结论:①在轴向和颊舌向加载力下,3种模型皮质骨的最大应力峰值远大于松质骨,皮质骨的最大应力峰值均集中于近悬臂种植体远中颈部周围;②膨胀式种植体模型在皮质骨中的最大von Mises应力值最低,在轴向加载力下尤其明显,在松质骨中的von Mises应力值最高;③与轴向加载力比较,颊舌向加载力下3种模型皮质骨、松质骨的von Mises应力峰值及种植体-基台复合体最大位移均增大;在颊舌向加载力下,膨胀式种植体模型的种植体-基台复合体最大位移最小;④结果表明,膨胀式种植体支持的单端固定桥稳定性最好。     

不同填充块对内侧开放楔形胫骨高位截骨应力分布的影响

目的 分析填充块材料和尺寸对胫骨截骨模型应力分布的影响。方法 建立3种不同材料(髂骨、松质骨和聚醚醚酮)、5种不同尺寸填充块,分别植入胫骨截骨模型,对模型进行力学加载,分析模型的应力分布和边缘位移。结果 就3种材料而言,植入髂骨材料的填充块模型在胫骨近端、钢板的应力和边缘位移低于松质骨和聚醚醚酮材料,但髂骨材料的填充块应力最高;在不同尺寸填充块植入截骨间隙时,胫骨截骨各部分应力分布和边缘位移存在差异,特别是填充块宽度从30 mm减小到10 mm,胫骨近端、钢板和填充块应力峰值平均分别增加了49.3%、92.7%、54.4%。结论 不同的填充块参数会影响胫骨截骨不同部位的应力分布。研究结果为临床胫骨截骨填充块参数的选择提供理论依据。     

单髁膝关节置换胫骨元件不同固定柱形状的有限元分析

目的针对单髁膝关节置换后胫骨前内侧疼痛、胫骨元件松动以及对侧关节炎恶化的问题,通过有限元方法比较分析胫骨元件固定柱的不同几何形状对胫骨应力分布的影响。方法建立有效的单髁膝关节置换有限元模型,对胫骨元件固定柱的形状进行设计。在相同的加载条件下,分别对双柱形、单脊形、双脊形和十字星形胫骨元件进行有限元分析,并与完整膝关节模型进行对比,评估胫骨元件固定柱不同形状设计对胫骨前内侧皮质骨应力、胫骨截骨面松质骨应力、胫骨对侧软骨应力的影响。结果单髁置换后胫骨前内侧皮质骨应力峰值均增大。与完整膝关节相比,在双柱形、单脊形、双脊形和十字星形胫骨元件固定柱的模型中,胫骨前内侧皮质骨应力峰值分别增加56.1%、55.9%、54.5%和68.4%。单脊形和双脊形胫骨元件松质骨截骨面应力峰值比完整胫骨分别减小8.1%和15.6%,而双柱形和十字星形则分别增大67.9%和121.5%,超过松质骨的疲劳屈服应力。双柱形、单脊形、双脊形和十字星形胫骨固定柱对应的胫骨对侧软骨应力峰值相比于完整胫骨分别减小42.1%、26.6%、24.2%和28.5%。结论单髁膝关节置换改变了胫骨内外侧的载荷分布,使置换侧承受更大的载荷。单脊形和双脊形胫骨元件在降低胫骨前内侧皮质骨和截骨面松质骨应力方面效果更好,其中单脊形胫骨元件更接近完整膝关节胫骨的应力分布。研究结果可为设计更符合膝关节力学性能的单髁膝关节假体提供理论依据。     

种植体不同设计参数对下颌骨牙齿种植的影响

目的 建立不同设计参数的种植体-下颌骨模型,观测种植体及周围骨质应力分布,分析不同设计参数对下颌骨牙齿种植的影响。方法 基于结构特征参数（种植体直径、螺纹深度、基台穿龈高度、螺纹形态）,设计8组种植体模型,并分别进行下颌骨整体模型的装配。对模型施加静态150 N垂直、斜向45°两种载荷,分析骨组织和种植体von Mises应力峰值,探讨对von Mises应力峰值最敏感的种植体结构参数变量。结果 斜向载荷比垂直载荷对颌骨会产生更大的应力峰值。种植体直径是影响皮质骨von Mises应力峰值的关键因素;螺纹深度是影响松质骨von Mises应力峰值的关键因素;基台穿龈高度也会对颌骨von Mises应力峰值产生影响,但影响程度不如螺纹深度和种植体直径明显;螺纹形态对颌骨von Mises应力峰值几乎没有影响。结论 不同的种植体设计参数会影响颌骨不同组织的应力峰值,对于个性化种植需要慎重考虑种植体参数的选择。研究结果为口腔种植体的结构参数设计提供理论指导,为口腔种植手术精准预测提供参考。     

前外侧或后内侧辅助钢板结合髓内钉固定胫骨近端 1 / 3 骨折的生物力学研究

目的 研究髓内钉结合辅助钢板固定胫骨近端1/3骨折的稳定性,比较并观察胫骨近端1/3骨折后内侧辅助钢板与前外侧辅助钢板结合髓内钉固定的生物力学特点。方法 选取Sawbones第4代人工胫骨模型。根据辅助钢板位置分为后内侧钢板组和前外侧钢板组,每组4例,髓内钉远近端均2枚锁定钉固定,钢板远近端各3枚皮钉双层皮质固定。模拟AO分型41-A2型骨折,水平截骨平面位于胫骨髓内钉近端锁定钉远端0.5 cm即近端关节面以远5～6 cm位置。截骨完成后,通过生物力学试验机分别进行轴向压缩、三点弯曲、循环加载及极限应力测试,比较各组轴向刚度、三点弯曲刚度等结果。结果 轴向压缩实验表明,后内侧钢板组平均轴向刚度低于前外侧钢板组,两组间差异无统计学意义。三点弯曲实验表明,后内侧钢板组无论是对抗内翻应力(钢板位于骨折压力侧,t=3.679,P<0.05)还是外翻应力(钢板位于骨折张力侧,t=8.975,P<0.05),其弯曲刚度均优于前外侧钢板组。结论 辅助钢板结合髓内钉固定胫骨近端1/3骨折可以提高近端骨折块固定的稳定性,并允许患者更早负重。钢板置于后内侧或者前外侧均能够提供足够的轴向强度,后...     

上颌中切牙角度基台不同载荷的三维有限元优化分析

背景：口腔种植修复中,种植体中基台角度的优化设计对骨吸收有重要影响,同时患者的高用力也对骨质的吸收重建有着重要影响。 目的：利用Ansys Workbench 13.0软件对上颌骨前牙区进行优化设计模型,探讨中切牙角度基台不同载荷对皮质骨和松质骨应力大小的影响。 方法：建立圆柱状V形螺纹种植体的上颌骨骨块三维有限元模型,设定基台角度为0°,5°,10°,15°,20°、25°,30°,设定加载应力为90,105,120,135,150,165,180,195,210 N。在种植体上模拟中切牙咬合,在修复体正中进行颊舌向力学加载,观察基台角度和加载应力变化对颌骨Von Mises应力峰值的影响。 结果与结论：单因素影响下,以基台角度为变量逐渐增加时,在唇腭侧向加载中皮质骨和松质骨的Von Mises应力峰值增幅分别为60.63%和69.30%;以加载应力为变量逐渐增加时,在颊舌向加载中皮质骨和松质骨的Von Mises应力峰值增幅分别为68.74%和69.30%。在基台角度和加载应力交互作用下,当加载应力小于  150 N,同时基台角度小于25°时,对颌骨Von Mises应力峰值响应曲线的切线斜率位于-1至0之间。所以从力学分析看来,松质骨的应力大小更易受到基台角度和加载应力的影响,螺纹种植体最佳的基台角度设计应小于25°,咬合力应小于150 N。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程     

双节段、单节段去松质骨截骨与全脊柱截骨强直性脊柱后凸矫形策略的有限元分析

文题释义： 全脊椎截骨：即全椎体切除,是截骨矫形中的常用截骨矫形方式,切除截骨节段的整个椎体,相关数据显示该技术可以很好地纠正骨盆倾斜与脊柱冠状面及矢状面畸形,但是手术并发症较多,包括脊髓损伤、胸腔积液、肺部感染及伤口深部感染等严重并发症,同时出血量较大,与手术时间和患者体质量相关。 去松质骨截骨：由301医院的王岩首次提出,具体切除范围包括椎体后方椎板、上下关节突及棘突,对椎体行横Y形截骨,闭合椎体后方并张开前方截骨面。 背景：单节段与双节段的截骨手术常用于治疗强直性脊柱后凸畸形,但制定术前策略时对截骨节段、截骨方式的选择常依赖临床经验。目前国内外对双节段去松质骨截骨及全脊柱截骨的生物力学研究鲜有报道。 目的：建立强直性脊柱后凸的单节段、双节段截骨模型,针对全脊柱位移、内固定系统应力、截骨接触面等效应力强度等方面进行比较与探讨。 方法：通过MIMICS与Geomagic studio等医学软件建立强直性脊柱后凸畸形全脊柱截骨与去松质骨截骨两种模型,每种模型中再分为单节段截骨与双节段截骨,即L₁单节段全脊柱截骨模型、L₁单节段去松质骨截骨模型、L₂单节段全脊柱截骨模型、L₂单节段去松质骨截骨模型、T₁₂L₂双节段全脊柱截骨模型、T₁₂L₂双节段去松质骨截骨模型、T₁₂L₃双节段全脊柱截骨模型、T₁₂L₃双节段去松质骨截骨模型8组。导入ANASYS软件对模型进行加载,记录不同截骨工况下的全脊柱位移,以及椎弓根螺钉、连接棒、截骨接触面的等效应力云图。结果与结论：①无论是去松质骨截骨还是全脊柱截骨模型,单节段截骨的全脊柱位移小于双节段截骨;无论是单节段截骨还是双节段截骨模型,全脊柱截骨的全脊柱位移小于去松质骨截骨;L2单节段全脊柱截骨模型的位移最小;②无论是去松质骨截骨还是全脊柱截骨模型,单节段截骨的内固定装置等效应力均小于双节段截骨;无论是单节段截骨还是双节段截骨模型,全脊柱截骨的内固定装置等效应力均小于去松质骨截骨;其中L1单节段全脊柱截骨的内固定装置等效应力最小;③所有单节段截骨模型的截骨接触面等效应力值均较小,未超过28 MPa;在双节段截骨模型中,全脊柱截骨的截骨接触面等效应力值均小于去松质骨截骨;④结果表明,单节段截骨的生物力学稳定性优于双节段截骨,全脊柱截骨的稳定性优于去松质骨截骨。 ORCID: 0000-0002-7114-3696(段延辑) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程     

膝关节置换术中胫骨截骨厚度对胫骨截面的生物力学影响

目的获得不同截骨厚度及不同活动状态下胫骨截面的生物力学情况,为临床膝关节置换术截骨厚度及指导患者术后活动提供理论基础。方法重建下肢骨性三维立体模型,依据全膝关节置换术截骨原则将胫骨近端分别截骨0、5、7、9 mm,对截骨后胫骨模型进行材料属性赋值,并分析站立、慢步、快跑、上楼4种活动状态下胫骨截面的应力、应变情况。结果在相同活动状态下,随着截骨厚度的增加,胫骨截骨面的最大应力和位移呈增长趋势。在同一截骨厚度下,随着活动强度的增强,胫骨截面的最大应力和位移总体上呈增长趋势。结论临床全膝关节置换术时胫骨截骨厚度越大、术后活动强度越强,胫骨截面的应力及应变越大。术中应避免过多截骨、术后应避免高强度活动,可减少胫骨平台的应力及应变,有利于假体的长期寿命。     

膝关节置换术后长期胫骨近端力学性能的预测

目的 分 析 膝 关 节 单 髁 置 换 术 ( unicompartmental knee arthroplasty, UKA) 和 全 膝 置 换 术 ( total knee arthroplasty, TKA)后长期胫骨近端力学性能的变化,探究 UKA 和 TKA 的失效原因。 方法 建立健康、UKA、TKA胫骨近端有限元模型,利用 Wolff 骨重建理论结合有限元法预测胫骨近端的密度分布和应力分布。 结果 UKA 外侧踝平均应力基本不变,但呈增大趋势,平均密度增加 2%,内侧踝平均密度减小 13%,平均应力均减少 11%。 TKA外侧踝平均密度减少 1. 5%,平均应力减少 14%,内侧踝平均密度减少 1. 4%,平均应力减少 19%,假体末端平均密度增加 10%,平均应力增加 15%。 结论 UKA、TKA 假体的植入会造成应力遮挡现象,可能是产生术后假体松动的主要原因。 TKA 假体末端应力增大,可能导致 TKA 的失效。 UKA 非置换侧平均应力随着骨重建的进行不断增大,可能就导致 UKA 中远期对侧骨关节炎恶化。 研究结果可以为降低 UKA、TKA 并发症发生概率提供数据支持。     

骨移植与骨水泥增强对治疗骨质疏松椎体的生物力学相容性的有限元评估

目的研究松质骨粒移植增强和骨水泥增强对椎体治疗节段和相邻非治疗节段的生物力学相容性影响,探讨椎体重建前后的荷载传导机制。方法选取正常男性青壮年脊柱L1～L2节段标本进行薄层CT扫描,构建正常的和骨折复位后疏松的功能脊柱单元三维有限元模型,模拟经皮穿刺椎体后凸成形术(PKP)在L2椎体中心注入骨水泥,模拟经皮骨移植(Optimesh)在L2椎体中心置入松质骨粒,按照脊柱三柱理论施加轴向压缩、前屈和后伸荷载进行有限元分析。结果与骨质疏松模型相比,松质骨粒移植增强或骨水泥增强后相邻节段椎体应力应变的变化甚微;治疗节段增强区域的应力应变明显改变。另外,骨质疏松、松质骨粒移植增强、骨水泥增强对脊柱三柱轴向压缩位移和椎间盘平均内压没有影响。结论松质骨粒移植增强和骨水泥增强均能恢复骨折椎体的总体刚度和强度,有利于椎体功能重建;但从椎体与增强材料间的力学相容性和生物相容性的观点看,松质骨粒移植增强优于骨水泥增强。     

Biomechanical evaluation of proximal tibial behavior following unicondylar knee arthroplasty: modified resected surface with corresponding surgical technique

Persistent pain and periprosthetic fracture of the proximal tibia are troublesome complications in modern unicondylar knee arthroplasty (UKA). Surgical errors and acute corners on the resected surface can place excessive strains on the bone, leading to bone degeneration. This study attempted to lower strains by altering the orthogonal geometry and avoiding extended vertical saw cuts. Finite element models were utilized to predict biomechanical behavior and were subsequently compared against experimental data. On the resected surface of the extended saw cut model, the greatest strains showed a 50% increase over a standard implant; conversely, the strains decreased by 40% for the radial-corner shaped model. For all UKA models, the peak strains below the resection level increased by 40% relative to an intact tibia. There was no significant difference among the implanted models. This study demonstrated that a large increase in strains arises on the tibial plateau to resist a cantilever-like bending moment following UKA. Surgical errors generally weaken the tibial support and increase the risk of fractures. This study provides guidance on altering the orthogonal geometry into a radial-shape to reduce strains and avoid degenerative remodeling. Furthermore, it could be expected that predrilling a posteriorly sloped tunnel through the tibia prior to cutting could achieve greater accuracy in surgical preparations.     

How does the inclination of the tibial component matter? A three-dimensional finite element analysis of medial mobile-bearing unicompartmental arthroplasty

Background

Medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) using Oxford mobile-bearing prosthesis is performed in the treatment of medial compartmental arthritis of the knee. However, little is known about the stress distributions for mobile-bearing UKA on the medial tibial plateau.

Comparison of volumetric bone mineral density in the tibial region of interest for ACL reconstruction

Adequate tibial bone mineral density (BMD) is essential to soft tissue graft fixation during anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. The purpose of this study was to compare volumetric bone plug density measurements at the tibial region of interest for ACL reconstruction using a standardized immersion technique and Archimedes’ principle. Cancellous bone cores were harvested from the proximal, middle, and distal metaphyseal regions of the lateral tibia and from the standard tibial tunnel location used for ACL reconstruction of 18 cadaveric specimens. Proximal tibial cores displayed 32.6% greater BMD than middle tibial cores and 31.8% greater BMD than distal tibial cores, but did not differ from the BMD of the tibial tunnel cores. Correlational analysis confirmed that the cancellous BMD in the tibial tunnel related to the cancellous BMD of the proximal and distal lateral tibial metaphysis. In conjunction with its adjacent cortical bone, the cancellous BMD of the region used for standard tibial tunnel placement provides an effective foundation for ACL graft fixation. In tibia with poor BMD, bicortical fixation that incorporates cortical bone from the distal tibial tunnel region is recommended.     

Differences in impact on adjacent compartments in medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty versus high tibial osteotomy with identical valgus alignment

BackgroundIt is unclear why medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) with postoperative valgus alignment causes adjacent compartment osteoarthritis more often than high tibial osteotomy (HTO) for moderate medial osteoarthritis of the knee with varus deformity. This study used a computer simulation to evaluate differences in knee conditions between UKA and HTO with identical valgus alignment.MethodsDynamic musculoskeletal computer analyses of gait were performed. The hip–knee–ankle angle in fixed-bearing UKA was changed from neutral to 7° valgus by changing the tibial insert thickness. The hip–knee–ankle angle in open-wedge HTO was also changed from neutral to 7° valgus by opening the osteotomy gap.ResultsThe lateral tibiofemoral contact forces in HTO were larger than those in UKA until moderate valgus alignments. However, the impact of valgus alignment on increasing lateral forces was more pronounced in UKA, which ultimately demonstrated a larger lateral force than HTO. Valgus alignment in UKA caused progressive ligamentous tightness, including that of the anterior cruciate ligament, resulting in compression of the lateral tibiofemoral compartment. Simultaneously, patellofemoral shear forces were slightly increased and excessive external femoral rotation against the tibia occurred due to the flat medial tibial insert surface and decreased lateral compartment congruency. By contrast, only lateral femoral slide against the tibia occurred in excessively valgus-aligned HTO.ConclusionsIn contrast to extra-articular correction in HTO, which results from opening the osteotomy gap, intra-articular valgus correction in UKA with thicker tibial inserts caused progressive ligamentous tightness and kinematic abnormalities, resulting in early osteoarthritis progression into adjacent compartments.     

A three-dimensional medical imaging model for quantitative assessment of proximal tibia vs. anterior iliac crest cancellous bone

The proximal tibia metaphysis is a potential alternative donor site for a sufficient amount of cancellous bone, associated with low morbidity and complication rate. We performed an observational computed tomography imaging study to determine the volume of cancellous bone that can be harvested from the proximal tibia compared to the anterior iliac crest, based on an advanced three-dimensional medical imaging model. Results of this study support the findings that a sufficient amount of cancellous bone can be harvested from the proximal tibia compared to the anterior iliac crest. By using a computed tomography imaging technique, the volume of cancellous bone can be precisely determined. However, this study does not show how much bone is safe to remove before increasing the tibial fracture risk.     

Elevated proximal tibial strains following unicompartmental knee replacement—A possible cause of pain

Unexplained pain is an important complication of both total knee replacement and unicompartmental knee replacement. After unicompartmental knee replacement the most common site for the pain is antero-medial over the proximal tibia. The reason for this is not clear; however it may be due to high bone strain.A validated finite element model of a proximal tibia implanted with a fully congruent unicompartmental knee replacement was used to investigate the effect that certain implantation parameters had on the surface strains of the tibia. The tibial tray was positioned neutrally, and also mal-aligned separately in the sagittal and coronal planes. Different amounts of tibial tray overhang and underhang, and different resection levels were modelled. All models were compared to an intact tibia and the strain on the exterior cortex compared for a peak load condition measured in-vivo during a step-up activity.Following implantation the bone strain in the proximal tibia increased by 40%. There were no comparable increases in strain with different amounts of mal-alignment in the sagittal plane. There was a comparable increase in strain with a tibial tray overhang of 3 mm or greater, and excessive varus mal-alignment.This study has demonstrated that there is a large increase in strain, antero-medially on the proximal tibia, following implantation with a unicompartmental knee replacement. This may be the cause of antero-medial pain. As the bone remodels over time this strain will decrease, which probably explains why the pain usually settles within 12 months after surgery. However, certain errors in implantation result in strain values that might lead to degenerative remodelling and/or increased micro-damage of the bone; this may explain why the pain progressively worsens in some cases.     

Periprosthetic tibial fractures in unicompartmental knee arthroplasty as a function of extended sagittal saw cuts: An experimental study

Periprosthetic tibial plateau fractures (TPF) are rare but represent a serious complication of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA). As TPFs usually occur perioperatively, these can be associated with extended sagittal saw cuts during surgery. The aim of the study was to evaluate TPF as a function of extended sagittal saw cuts. The hypothesis was that extended sagittal saw cuts reduce the loading capacity of the tibial plateau and increase the risk of periprosthetic TPF.In a randomised study, standardised cemented Oxford UKA tibial component implantation was performed in six matched, paired fresh-frozen tibiae. In group A, a regular preparation of the tibial plateau was performed, whereas in group B a standardised extended sagittal saw cut was made at the dorsal cortex of the tibia. All tibiae were fractured under standardised conditions and fracture patterns and fracture loads were analysed.In group A, tibiae fractured with a mean load of F_max = 3.9 (2.3–8.5) kN, whereas in group B fractures occurred at a mean load of F_max = 2.6 (1.1–5.0) kN. The difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05).Extended sagittal saw cuts in UKA weaken the tibial bone structure. Our results show that descendent extended sagittal saw cuts of 10° reduce fracture loads by about 30%. Surgeons should be aware of the potential pitfalls of an extended sagittal saw cut, as this can lead to reduced loading capacity of the tibial plateau and increase the risk of periprosthetic TPF.