叶酸修饰长春新碱介孔二氧化硅脂质纳米粒的制备及体外释药研究

摘要：目的:制备叶酸修饰长春新碱介孔二氧化硅脂质纳米粒（FA-VCR-MSNs-LP）,对纳米粒进行质量评价并考察体外释药特性。方法:一步合成法制备氨基改性介孔二氧化硅纳米粒（NH2-MSNs）,浸渍吸附法载入长春新碱（VCR）,乙醇注入法制备叶酸修饰长春新碱介孔二氧化硅脂质纳米给药系统。利用透射电镜、小角粉末衍射仪、氮气吸脱附仪、红外光谱仪、激光粒度仪等考察其理化性质;高速离心法结合高效液相色谱（HPLC）测定其包封率及载药量;选用PBS（pH 7.4）作为释放介质,透析袋法考察其体外释药特性。结果:制备的FA-VCR-MSNs-LP透射电镜下外观呈圆形或类圆形,平均粒径为（178.5±8.5） nm,Zeta电位为（20.3±1.20） mV,包封率和载药量分别为（44.58±1.01）%（n=3）、（11.71±0.26）%（n=3）;脂质修饰包裹后改善介孔二氧化硅纳米给药系统的突释现象,并具有缓释特征。结论:制备的FA-VCR-MSNs-LP性质稳定,包封率和载药量较高、粒径较小,体外释药具有明显缓释特征,为后期肿瘤靶向性和毒性研究奠定基础。     

壳聚糖纳米粒Zeta电位与载药量关系初探

目的以壳聚糖作为载体材料、冬凌草甲素为模型药物,制备载药纳米粒,研究载药纳米粒Zeta电位与载药量的关系。方法采用离子交联法在系列pH下制备出不同Zeta电位的冬凌草甲素-壳聚糖纳米粒(Ori-CS-NPs)。测量粒径分布、多分散性和Zeta电位,用HPLC测定载药量,对数据进行回归分析。结果初步得出了ORI-CS-NPs(粒径242.01±11.45nm,PDI<0.3)的Zeta电位随pH升高而降低,载药量随Zeta电位的增高而降低。结论采用离子交联法在不同pH下可制备出粒径分布均匀、Zeta电位及载药量呈一定规律变化的载药纳米粒;纳米粒的Zeta电位与载药量呈线性关系。     

载阿霉素介孔二氧化硅纳米粒的细胞毒性及细胞摄取

目的制备载阿霉素的介孔二氧化硅纳米粒(mesoporous silica nanoparticles,MSN),对其理化性质及细胞摄取行为进行初步研究。方法通过聚合法制备MSN,透射电镜表征纳米粒的形态,动态光散射粒径测定仪测定粒子的平均粒径及分布。紫外分光光度计测定阿霉素的负载行为,MTT比色分析法研究粒子的细胞毒性,激光共聚焦显微镜观察其人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞对载药粒子的摄取。结果纳米粒分布均一,平均粒径约70 nm(PDI<0.1),载药量质量分数达到20%。MCF-7细胞对载药粒子的摄取较快,空白纳米粒具有较低的细胞毒性。结论介孔二氧化硅纳米粒具有较高的药物载药量和良好的生物相容性,能较快地被对人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞摄取,有望成为一种新型的药物化疗载体。     

Preliminary study on the relationship between Zeta potential and drug loading of chitosan nanoparticles

目的 以壳聚糖作为载体材料、冬凌草甲素为模型药物,制备载药纳米粒,研究载药纳米粒Zeta电位与载药量的关系.方法 采用离子交联法在系列pH下制备出不同Zeta电位的冬凌草甲素-壳聚糖纳米粒(Ori - CS - NPs).测量粒径分布、多分散性和Zeta电位,用HPLC测定载药量,对数据进行回归分析.结果 初步得出了ORI - CS - NPs(粒径242.01±11.45nm,PDI ＜0.3)的Zeta电位随pH升高而降低,载药量随Zeta电位的增高而降低.结论 采用离子交联法在不同pH下可制备出粒径分布均匀、Zeta电位及载药量呈一定规律变化的载药纳米粒;纳米粒的Zeta电位与载药量呈线性关系.     

介孔二氧化硅纳米粒的研究进展

介孔二氧化硅纳米粒(MSNs)具有良好生物相容性、有序介孔结构、比表面积大、表面易修饰性等特点,在很多生物医药领域显示出了极大的应用前景,尤其是基于MSNs的纳米药物输送体系被广泛用于各种药物的递送。主要介绍MSNs和可降解MSNs的制备,同时介绍了MSNs膜包被及官能团修饰在缓释控释药物中的应用,最后探讨了MSNs递进到中空介孔二氧化硅纳米粒(HMSNs)的更大的应用前景。     

以PLGA-PEG-FOL为载体的紫杉醇靶向纳米粒的构建与评价

目的 以叶酸修饰的生物可降解材料乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物(PLGA-PEG-FOL)为载体,构建紫杉醇靶向纳米粒并进行评价。方法 采用乳化-分散法,以溶液稳定性、粒径和包封率为评价指标,通过考察乳化剂的用量、有机相种类、水相与有机相比例、聚合物分子量、药载比、剪切速度等因素对纳米粒制备的影响,确定最优处方和制备工艺,并对纳米粒的形态、粒径、Zeta电位、包封率及载药量进行评价。结果 合成了载体PLGA-PEG-FOL;制备的紫杉醇靶向纳米粒为均匀球形粒子,粒径为(88.2±6.7)nm,Zeta电位为(56.5±4.2)mV,包封率为(92.9±3.2)%,载药量为(4.8±1.3)%。结论 纳米粒制备方法简便易行,重现性好。制备的纳米粒大小均匀,粒度分布较窄,包封率和载药量较高。     

以叶酸修饰的乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物为载体的紫杉醇靶向纳米粒的构建与评价

目的 以叶酸修饰的生物可降解材料乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物(PLGA-PEG-FOL)为载体,构建紫杉醇靶向纳米粒并进行评价。方法 采用乳化-分散法,以溶液稳定性、粒径和包封率为评价指标,通过考察乳化剂的用量、有机相种类、水相与有机相比例、聚合物分子量、药载比、剪切速度等因素对纳米粒制备的影响,确定最优处方和制备工艺,并对纳米粒的形态、粒径、Zeta电位、包封率及载药量进行评价。结果 合成了载体PLGA-PEG-FOL;制备的紫杉醇靶向纳米粒为均匀球形粒子,粒径为(88.2±6.7)nm,Zeta电位为(56.5±4.2)mV,包封率为(92.9±3.2)%,载药量为(4.8±1.3)%。结论 纳米粒制备方法简便易行,重现性好。制备的纳米粒大小均匀,粒度分布较窄,包封率和载药量较高。     

布洛芬聚氰基丙烯酸烷酯纳米粒的制备

目的制备布洛芬聚氰基丙烯酸烷酯纳米粒(IBU-PACA-NP)。方法采用乙醚界面缩聚法制备布洛芬聚氰基丙烯酸烷酯纳米粒;以包封率、载药量为指标,在单因素考察处方及工艺条件基础上,采用正交设计法L9(34)对处方进行优化。结果按优化处方制备的纳米粒平均粒径为166 nm,包封率为96.60%,载药量为17.83%,Zeta电位为-20.2 mV。结论乙醚界面缩聚法制备的布洛芬聚氰基丙烯酸烷酯纳米粒粒径小,包封率和载药量符合要求,可用于口服或注射给药。     

氧化介孔碳球纳米粒作为紫杉醇载体的研究

目的制备氧化介孔碳球纳米粒(oMCN),考察其理化性质以及作为抗肿瘤药物紫杉醇递送载体的研究。方法采用低浓度水热法合成介孔碳球纳米粒,观察其形貌特征,测定其介孔性质参数、粒径、Zeta电位、载药量大小,利用透析法研究体外释药行为,用CCK-8法考察体外抗肿瘤活性。结果 oMCN的比表面积为704.63m2/g、孔容积为0.57cm3/g、孔径分布约为3.23nm、平均粒径为140nm、Zeta电位为-36mV、载药量高达45.6%,72h体外累积释药量为57.6%,具有良好的药物负载与缓释性能,对小鼠肺癌LLC细胞具有显著的抑制作用。结论 oMCN作为抗肿瘤药物紫杉醇的载体具有较好的应用前景。     

含RGD修饰的丹参酮ⅡA多级靶向纳米粒的质量评价

目的探讨丹参酮ⅡA多级靶向纳米粒的制备及其质量评价。方法采用乳化溶剂蒸发法制备丹参酮ⅡA多级纳米粒;测定丹参酮ⅡA多级靶向纳米粒的粒径分布及纳米微粒表面结构;并检测丹参酮ⅡA多级靶向纳米粒的载药量、包封率及体外药物释放规律。结果课题组制备的丹参酮ⅡA多级靶向纳米粒,大小均匀,载药纳米粒的平均粒径为190nm,Zeta电位为4.3mV,包封率(94.12±5.20)%,载药量(2.05±0.12)%。与游离的丹参酮ⅡA单体相比,丹参酮ⅡA多级靶向纳米粒释放速度明显减慢,在120h累积释放量为72.59%。结论采用乳化溶剂蒸发法成功制备了含RGD修饰的丹参酮ⅡA多级靶向纳米粒。与丹参酮ⅡA单体相比,制备成纳米制剂后,多级靶向载药纳米粒能随着时间的延长将药物逐步释放出来,具有良好的缓释特征。     

Mussel-inspired polydopamine coated mesoporous silica nanoparticles as pH-sensitive nanocarriers for controlled release

A novel pH-sensitive controlled release system is proposed by using mussel-inspired polydopamine (PDA) coated mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) as nanocarriers. MSNs with a large pore diameter are synthesized by using 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene as a pore-expanding agent and are modified with a PDA coating by virtue of oxidative self-polymerization of dopamine in neutral pH. PDA coated MSNs are characterized by FTIR, TEM, N₂ adsorption and XPS techniques. The PDA coating can work as pH-sensitive gatekeepers to control the release of drug molecules from MSNs in response to the pH-stimulus. Doxorubicin (DOX, an anticancer drug) can be released in the acid media and blocked in the neutral media.     

光敏性多西他赛脂质体的制备、处方优化和体外释放度研究

目的：以富勒烯丙二酸衍生物（DMA-C60）-多西他赛为模型药物,构建光敏性脂质体,增强抗肿瘤效果。系统研究脂质体（LP）的制备工艺、理化性质、处方优化和体外释放特性。方法：采用Bingle环加成反应和酯水解反应合成了DMA-C60,采用傅立叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）对产物表征定性;采用薄膜法制备DMA-C60-DTX脂质体;超滤离心法测量DTX包封率和载药量;采用激光纳米粒度测定仪测定粒径、粒径分布和Zeta电位;透射电镜测定脂质体外观形态;利用差示扫描量热法（DSC）考察LP中原料药DTX及脂质材料的晶形存在状态;采用透析袋法测量体外释放度并拟合释放模型。结果：采用FT-IR表征定性DMA-C60合成成功。最优处方得到的DMA-C60-DTX-LP,平均粒径约为170 nm,Zeta电位约为-30 mV,DTX包封率（85.76±2.60）%,DMA-C60包封率约为89%;透射电镜观察DMA-C60-DTX-LP呈类球形,粒径大小约为170 nm,分布均匀且与所测粒径大小相符;DSC显示DTX原料药几乎以无定型的状态存在于脂质内核中;DMA-C60的加入并不影响DTX的释放,60 h内累计释放百分数为80%,DTX在LP中体外释放行为可用Ritger-Peppas释放动力学方程进行描述。结论：光敏性多西他赛脂质体载药量和包封率较高、脂质体外观呈类球形,粒径较小且分布均匀,体外释放具有一定的缓释作用。     

A comparison of mesoporous silica nanoparticles and mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles as drug vehicles for cancer therapy

Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) are promising drug carriers for use in cancer treatment owing to their excellent biocompatibility and drug‐loading capacity. However, MSN's incomplete drug release and toxic bioaccumulation phenomena limit their clinical application. Recently, researchers have presented redox responsive mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles containing disulfide (S–S) bridges (ss‐MONs). These nanoparticles retained their ability to undergo structural degradation and increased their local release activity when exposed to reducing agents. Disulfide‐based mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles offer researchers a better option for loading chemotherapeutic drugs due to their effective biodegradability through the reduction of glutathione. Although the potential of ss‐MONs in cancer theranostics has been studied, few researchers have systematically compared ss‐MONs with MSNs with regard to endocytosis, drug release, cytotoxicity, and therapeutic effect. In this work, ss‐MONs and MSNs with equal morphology and size were designed and used to payload doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) for liver cancer chemotherapy. The ss‐MONs showed considerable degradability in the presence of glutathione and performed comparably to MSNs on biocompatibility measures, including cytotoxicity and endocytosis, as well as in drug‐loading capacity. Notably, DOX‐loaded ss‐MONs exhibited higher intracellular drug release in cancer cells and better anticancer effects in comparison with DOX‐loaded MSNs. Hence, the ss‐MONs may be more desirable carriers for a highly efficient and safe treatment of cancer.     

基于钙离子驱动的药物负载构建光响应性介孔硅纳米粒的研究

目的 提高介孔硅纳米粒(mesoporous silicon nanoparticles，MSNs)中药物负载量，并使其具备光响应性等功能。方法 本研究采用模板法制备氨基化的介孔硅纳米粒(MSN-NH₂)，并通过钙离子负载的MSNs(MSN-Ca)诱导化疗药物阿霉素(Doxorubicin，Dox)及光热治疗药物Cypate、二氢卟吩e6(Ce6)的高效负载，制得光响应性载单药或多药的MSNs，并对其理化性质及释药特性进行研究。结果 钙离子可有效负载于MSNs内，并可以诱导Dox、Cypate、Ce6在MSNs孔道内的高效负载，其载药量可分别达到(28.5±1.4)%，(36.8±1.5)%，(36.6±1.7)%；MSN-Ca还可以实现Dox、Cypate、Ce6中的2种或3种药物共同负载。负载Cypate的MSNs具有良好的光热升温效果。载Dox的MSNs具有酸性pH响应性释放Dox的特点。785 nm激光照射可明显增强MSN-Ca-Dox/Cypate的Dox释放，具有光响应性释药的特点。结论 钙离子驱动的药物负载策略在多功能MSNs的构建及其抗肿瘤协同治疗研究中具有重要作用。     

载吉西他滨介孔二氧化硅纳米粒的制备及其抗肿瘤活性评价

目的：制备载吉西他滨(gemcitabine,GemC)的介孔二氧化硅纳米粒(MSN),并对其体内外抗肿瘤活性进行评价。方法：采用聚合法制备了GemC-MSN,采用激光粒度仪测定了纳米粒的粒度分布和电位,并通过透射电镜对纳米粒的形态进行了表征。应用紫外可见分光光度法评价了纳米粒的载药量、包封率及体外释放特性。采用MTT染色法,考察了GemC-MSN对A549细胞的体外细胞毒性。建立了体内肿瘤动物模型,评价纳米粒的体内抗肿瘤活性。结果：纳米粒分布均一,平均粒径为107.29 nm,PDI为0. 167,Zeta电位为0.107mV;药物的载药量和包封率分别为(37.31±1.25)%和(87.37±2.12)%;体外释放结果显示,纳米粒具有一定的缓释作用,96h时释放达到平衡;体内外抗肿瘤试验结果表明,GemC-MSN较游离GemC具有更强的抗肿瘤活性。结论：MSN作为药物的新型载体,具有良好的生物相容性,并能显著提高GemC的载药量,控制药物的缓慢释放,能显著提高GemC的体内外抗肿瘤活性,将为GemC新型给药系统的深入研究提供参考。     

Co-delivery of docetaxel and bortezomib based on a targeting nanoplatform for enhancing cancer chemotherapy effects

Using facile polydopamine (PDA)-based surface modification and a pH-sensitive catechol-boronate binding mechanism, a novel drug delivery system was designed for the treatment of breast cancer. The system was able to achieve the following goals: active targeting, pH responsiveness, in vivo blood circulation for a prolonged period of time, and dual drug loading. After coating with PDA, the docetaxel (DTX)-loaded star-shaped copolymer cholic acid-poly(lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles (CA-PLGA@PDA/NPs) were functionalized with amino-poly(ethylene glycol)-folic acid (NH₂-PEG-FA) and bortezomib (BTZ) to form the targeting composition, DTX-loaded CA-PLGA@PDA-PEG-FA?+?BTZ/NPs. The novel NPs exhibited similar drug release characteristics compared to unfunctionalized CA-PLGA/NPs. Meanwhile, the incorporated NH₂-PEG-FA contributed to active targeting which was illustrated by cellular uptake experiments and biodistribution studies. Moreover, the pH responsive binding between BTZ and PDA was demonstrated to be effective to release BTZ at the tumor acidic environment for synergistic action with DTX. Both in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo antitumor studies demonstrated that the novel nanoplatform exhibited the most suitable therapeutic effects. Taken together, the versatile PDA modified DTX-loaded CA-PLGA@PDA-PEG-FA?+?BTZ/NPs offered a promising chemotherapeutic strategy for enhancing breast cancer treatment.     

尼莫地平PEG-PLGA纳米粒的制备及其处方优化

目的：负载尼莫地平的聚乙二醇修饰的聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物[poly （ethylene glycol-poly （lactin-co-glycolic acid）,PEG-PLGA）]纳米粒,并对其进行制备工艺、质量评价以及体外释放等相关性研究。方法：以PEG-PLGA为药物载体,采用乳化溶剂挥发法成功制备尼莫地平载药纳米粒。单因素实验和响应面法设计优化处方工艺,透射电子显微镜观察纳米粒形态,激光粒度仪测定其粒径和Zeta电位,HPLC法测定其包封率及载药量并考察其体外释药特性。结果：制备的尼莫地平纳米粒外观呈实心球体,大小均匀且分散性良好;平均粒径为（183.2±3.30） nm,PDI为（0.115±0.049）,Zata电位为（-11.78±2.16） mV;平均包封率为84.99%,平均载药量为2.45%;尼莫地平原料药在4 h时基本释放完全（达到95%左右）,而尼莫地平纳米粒在4 h时释放仅为43.9%,在第24 h时累计释放度达到（83.66±2.57）%。与对照组相比,制剂组释放缓慢,符合实验设计缓释的要求。结论：本实验成功制备了尼莫地平PEG-PLGA纳米粒,其体外释药具有明显缓释特征,为心脑血管疾病的治疗奠定了基础。     

Polydopamine and peptide decorated doxorubicin-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles as a targeted drug delivery system for bladder cancer therapy

We reported a simple polydopamine (PDA)-based surface modification method to prepare novel targeted doxorubicin-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles and peptide CSNRDARRC conjugation (DOX-loaded MSNs@PDA-PEP) for enhancing the therapeutic effects on bladder cancer. Drug-loaded NPs were characterized in terms of size, size distribution, zeta potential, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area and drug loading content. In vitro drug release indicated that DOX-loaded MSNs@PDA and MSNs@PDA-PEP had similar release kinetic profiles of DOX. The PDA coating well controlled DOX release and was highly sensitive to pH value. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) showed that drug-loaded MSNs could be internalized by human bladder cancer cell line HT-1376, and DOX-loaded MSNs@PDA-PEP had the highest cellular uptake efficiency due to ligand–receptor recognition. The antitumor effects of DOX-loaded nanoparticles were evaluated by the MTT assay in vitro and by a xenograft tumor model in vivo, demonstrating that targeted nanocarriers DOX-loaded MSNs@PDA-PEP were significantly superior to free DOX and DOX-loaded MSNs@PDA. The novel DOX-loaded MSNs@PDA-PEP, which specifically recognized HT-1376 cells, can be used as a potential targeted drug delivery system for bladder cancer therapy.     

穿心莲内酯甲氧基聚乙二醇-聚乳酸-羟基乙酸纳米粒处方优化及体外释药考察

目的：优化穿心莲内酯甲氧基聚乙二醇-聚乳酸-羟基乙酸[methoxy poly（ethylene glycol）-poly（lactic-co-glycolic acid）,mPEG-PLGA]纳米粒处方,并进行体外释药评价。方法：乳化法制备穿心莲内酯mPEG-PLGA纳米粒,Box-Behnken设计-效应面法筛选穿心莲内酯mPEG-PLGA纳米粒最优处方,测定包封率、载药量、粒径及Zeta电位。采用质量分数为5%的甘露醇和乳糖等量混合物作为冻干保护剂,进一步制备成冻干粉,考察体外释药行为。结果：穿心莲内酯mPEG-PLGA纳米粒最佳处方为：mPEG-PLGA用量为589 mg、水相体积为70 mL、聚乙二醇硬脂酸酯15（Solutol HS 15）质量分数为1.2%,包封率为（82.07±1.62）%,载药量为（3.87±0.21）%,粒径为（179.56±9.19）nm,Zeta电位为（-10.91±1.84）mV。穿心莲内酯mPEG-PLGA纳米粒体外释药具有缓释特征,释药过程符合Weibull模型：lnln[1/（1-M_t/M_∞）]=0.410 3lnt-1.434 1。结论：可用Box-Behnken设计-效应面法优化穿心莲内酯mPEG-PLGA纳米粒,为后续研究奠定基础。