下肢动脉旁路移植术后移植物闭塞的处理

目的 总结分析下肢动脉旁路移植术后移植物闭塞的治疗经验.方法 回顾性分析2002年7月至2009年9月64例单侧下肢动脉旁路移植术后移植物闭塞患者的临床资料.共发生115例次移植物闭塞,其中8例次末次闭塞时行保守治疗,其余107例次行手术治疗,包括单纯人工血管取栓术32例次,再次人工血管旁路移植术27例次,人工血管取栓并球囊成形术17例次,截肢术13例次,人工血管取栓术并腘动脉内膜剥脱术10例次,人工血管闭塞并感染取出后保守治疗4例次,自体大隐静脉远侧旁路移植术3例次,自体干细胞移植1例次.结果 1例患者因术后急性肾功能衰竭死亡,3例随访中死亡.3例末次手术后失访,2例保守治疗失访;55例患者随访4～70个月,平均39个月.其中35例患者移植物通畅(通畅率为63.6%).12例患者移植物闭塞后截肢(21.8%),总保肢率为78.2%.结论 对于下肢动脉旁路移植术后移植物闭塞的患者,再次旁路移植术以及人工血管切开取栓+内膜剥脱术或球囊成形术的近期效果较好.     

人工血管旁路移植术治疗下肢慢性动脉缺血76例临床分析

目的 探讨人工血管旁路移植术治疗下肢慢性动脉缺血的临床疗效。方法 对1982年1月至2002年1月应用人工血管旁路移植术治疗下肢慢性动脉缺血的76例患者进行回顾性分析。结果 本组l、3、5年一期累积通畅率分别为77％、63％、53％；二期累积通畅率分别为94%、74％、66％；累积截肢率为9．2％。结论 人工血管重建术是治疗下肢慢性动脉缺血，挽救肢体，改善生活质量的有效方法之一。     

下肢动脉旁路移植术后人工血管感染15例治疗分析

目的 总结下肢动脉旁路移植术后人工血管感染的治疗经验,探讨人工血管感染的防治方法.方法 对2004年1月至2009年12月15例下肢动脉旁路移植术后人工血管感染患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.男性14例,女性1例,平均64.8岁.感染发生在人工血管末次重建术后5 d～59个月,平均6.4个月.临床表现包括伤口不愈合人工血管外露8例,窦道脓液渗出5例,与人工血管相通的窦道不愈合1例,切口积液并人工血管游离1例.均予以广谱抗生素治疗.外科治疗包括局部清创引流4例,清创并转移皮瓣1例,单纯去除感染闭塞的人工血管5例(其中1例初次旁路移植时同期截肢),去除感染闭塞的人工血管后截肢3例,1例仅行部分去除感染通畅的人工血管(原闭塞支架再通),1例去除通畅感染的人工血管并一期解剖外镀银涤纶人工血管旁路移植术.结果 保肢9例,截肢4例,1例死于术后心肌梗死,1例清创并转移皮瓣术后伤口未愈出院后失访.随访13例,2例随访中分别因结肠癌和脑出血死亡.生存11例随访1～70个月,平均22.3个月,保肢8例未出现严重缺血或感染症状,截肢3例无特殊.本组累积病死率20%(3/15),截肢率26.7%(4/15),人工血管闭塞率53.3%(8/15).结论 下肢动脉旁路移植术后人工血管感染,多数感染的人工血管需取出,如出现严重缺血症状需再次旁路移植,对通畅人工血管的局限性感染也可以考虑保留人工血管.     

下肢动脉旁路移植术后人工血管感染15例治疗分析

目的 总结下肢动脉旁路移植术后人工血管感染的治疗经验,探讨人工血管感染的防治方法.方法 对2004年1月至2009年12月15例下肢动脉旁路移植术后人工血管感染患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.男性14例,女性1例,平均64.8岁.感染发生在人工血管末次重建术后5 d～59个月,平均6.4个月.临床表现包括伤口不愈合人工血管外露8例,窦道脓液渗出5例,与人工血管相通的窦道不愈合1例,切口积液并人工血管游离1例.均予以广谱抗生素治疗.外科治疗包括局部清创引流4例,清创并转移皮瓣1例,单纯去除感染闭塞的人工血管5例(其中1例初次旁路移植时同期截肢),去除感染闭塞的人工血管后截肢3例,1例仅行部分去除感染通畅的人工血管(原闭塞支架再通),1例去除通畅感染的人工血管并一期解剖外镀银涤纶人工血管旁路移植术.结果 保肢9例,截肢4例,1例死于术后心肌梗死,1例清创并转移皮瓣术后伤口未愈出院后失访.随访13例,2例随访中分别因结肠癌和脑出血死亡.生存11例随访1～70个月,平均22.3个月,保肢8例未出现严重缺血或感染症状,截肢3例无特殊.本组累积病死率20%(3/15),截肢率26.7%(4/15),人工血管闭塞率53.3%(8/15).结论 下肢动脉旁路移植术后人工血管感染,多数感染的人工血管需取出,如出现严重缺血症状需再次旁路移植,对通畅人工血管的局限性感染也可以考虑保留人工血管.     

下肢动脉旁路移植术后人工血管感染15例治疗分析

目的 总结下肢动脉旁路移植术后人工血管感染的治疗经验,探讨人工血管感染的防治方法.方法 对2004年1月至2009年12月15例下肢动脉旁路移植术后人工血管感染患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.男性14例,女性1例,平均64.8岁.感染发生在人工血管末次重建术后5 d～59个月,平均6.4个月.临床表现包括伤口不愈合人工血管外露8例,窦道脓液渗出5例,与人工血管相通的窦道不愈合1例,切口积液并人工血管游离1例.均予以广谱抗生素治疗.外科治疗包括局部清创引流4例,清创并转移皮瓣1例,单纯去除感染闭塞的人工血管5例(其中1例初次旁路移植时同期截肢),去除感染闭塞的人工血管后截肢3例,1例仅行部分去除感染通畅的人工血管(原闭塞支架再通),1例去除通畅感染的人工血管并一期解剖外镀银涤纶人工血管旁路移植术.结果 保肢9例,截肢4例,1例死于术后心肌梗死,1例清创并转移皮瓣术后伤口未愈出院后失访.随访13例,2例随访中分别因结肠癌和脑出血死亡.生存11例随访1～70个月,平均22.3个月,保肢8例未出现严重缺血或感染症状,截肢3例无特殊.本组累积病死率20%(3/15),截肢率26.7%(4/15),人工血管闭塞率53.3%(8/15).结论 下肢动脉旁路移植术后人工血管感染,多数感染的人工血管需取出,如出现严重缺血症状需再次旁路移植,对通畅人工血管的局限性感染也可以考虑保留人工血管.     

数字减影血管造影辅助下手术治疗下肢动脉人工血管旁路术后再闭塞12例分析

目的 总结数字减影血管造影（DSA）辅助下治疗下肢动脉人工血管旁路术后再闭塞的体会,探索合理的治疗方法。 方法 回顾总结2004年12月至2006年7月烟台市毓璜顶医院血管外科在血管造影辅助下手术治疗下肢动脉人工血管旁路再闭塞12例临床资料,其中单纯人工血管切开取栓4例,人工血管取栓+吻合口成形术8例。 结果 12例病人手术均获得成功,无手术死亡。12例术后定期随访2年。术后2年随访时人工血管通畅9例,保肢11例。 结论 DSA辅助手术治疗下肢人工血管旁路术后再闭塞,对提高人工血管术后通畅率和保肢率有重要作用。     

股浅动脉闭塞122例治疗体会

目的总结股浅动脉支架与股-腘动脉人工血管旁路移植术治疗股浅动脉闭塞病变的效果。方法选取我院2008年1月至2011年4月期间接受经皮腔内血管成形术+支架置入术(简称"PTA/S术组")或股-腘动脉人工血管旁路移植术(简称"动脉旁路移植术组")治疗股浅动脉闭塞病变的122例患者(136条患肢)作为研究对象。记录患者的年龄、住院时间、术前合并症、术后并发症、TASCⅡ分级、远端流出道情况、一期通畅率、有无截肢、死亡等。结果 1 PTA/S术组有64例74条患肢,动脉旁路移植术组有58例62条患肢,PTA/S术组患者的年龄大于动脉旁路移植术组(P0.05);PTA/S术组TASCⅡA、B级病变肢体所占比例较动脉旁路移植术组高(P0.05),TASCⅡC、D级病变肢体所占比例较动脉旁路移植术组低(P0.05);PTA/S术组拥有1条和3条远端流出道血管的患肢数目分别较动脉旁路移植术组多(P0.05);2组患者拥有2条远端流出道血管的患肢数目、术前合并糖尿病、合病高血压、合病糖尿病及高血压以及术前吸烟史病例数比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。2 2组患者均无围手术期死亡患者;PTA/S术组的住院时间短于动脉旁路移植术组〔(7.2±1.2)d和(14.1±1.4)d,P0.05〕;而术后3年死亡率PTA/S术组高于动脉旁路移植术组(4.7%比1.7%,P0.05);切口感染率PTA/S术组低于动脉旁路移植术组(0比3.2%,P0.05);2组患者截肢率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);2组患者术后6、12及24个月一期通畅率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),36个月一期通畅率动脉旁路移植术组明显高于PTA/S术组(50.0%比40.5%,P0.05)。结论对于股浅动脉闭塞采用股-腘动脉人工血管旁路移植术能够获得较高的远期通畅率,但住院时间较长,个别患者会发生切口感染。股浅动脉球囊扩张成形+支架置入术手术创伤小,患者恢复快,住院时间短,对于年龄大,身体状况较差不能耐受股-腘动脉人工血管旁路移植术的患者有重要意义,但其远期通畅率有待进一步提高。     

小腿动脉为流出道的股-小腿动脉或股-腘-小腿动脉旁路术随访分析

.9%.保肢患者中重症下肢缺血占13.0%,随访时踝肱指数足背动脉0.66±0.26,胫后动脉0.64±0.25,与术前和术后相比差异均有统计学意义.自体静脉和复合血管、股-小腿动脉直接旁路和股-腘-小腿动脉序贯旁路在保肢率和旁路血管通畅率上差异无统计学意义.结论 以小腿动脉为流出道的旁路术对于腔内治疗失败或长段、多节段动脉闭塞濒临截肢者是有效的治疗方法 .加强术后随访和早期干预有助于提高二期通畅率和保肢率.     

下肢动脉人工血管旁路术后再闭塞的治疗经验

目的总结治疗下肢动脉人工血管旁路术后再闭塞的治疗经验,探索合理的治疗策略。方法回顾性总结19例下肢动脉人工血管旁路术后再闭塞的病例,分析再闭塞的原因,并根据原因选择再次手术的方式。其中4例行人工血管取栓术,5例行人工血管取栓＋远端吻合口成形术,3例行人工血管取栓＋股深动脉扩大成形术,2例行新的人工血管旁路术,1例行髂外动脉内膜剥脱术,2例行骨髓干细胞移植,2例由于肢体广泛坏死,行1期截肢术。在术后进行规律的随访以明确手术的效果。结果19例患者术后1年中定期随访。除2例截肢外,14例围手术期获得了1期成功,成功率82．4％,3例（17．6％）手术失败,术后1年内死亡2例,病死率10．5％。术后1年随访时,人工血管通畅6例,血管通畅率35．3％,保肢率76．4％（13例）。结论人工血管旁路术后再闭塞的治疗比较棘手,术前有效地评估闭塞原因、选择正确的手术方式和良好的随访计划是保持患者肢体功能和生存质量的重要因素。     

复合血管与倒置大隐静脉旁路移植治疗严重慢性下肢缺血的对比研究

目的比较复合血管序贯式下肢动脉旁路术和倒置自体大隐静脉旁路术治疗严重慢性下肢缺血的效果。方法回顾性分析采用复合式血管(25例)及倒置自体大隐静脉(16例)旁路移植术治疗的41例严重慢性下肢缺血患者的临床资料。复合血管用聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)人工血管及自体静脉组合而成。人工血管近心端与股总动脉吻合,远端与孤立腘动脉吻合;自体静脉从PTFE血管远端发出并与小腿的胫或腓动脉吻合。倒置自体大隐静脉旁路术采用同侧大隐静脉作为血管桥。比较两者血管桥的累积通畅率和保肢率。结果平均随访18.7个月。男29例,女12例。平均年龄(67±10.4)岁。FontaineⅢ级23例,FontaineⅣ级18例。复合血管组中自体静脉远端吻合口止于胫前动脉5例,胫后动脉14例,腓动脉6例;倒置大隐静脉移植组中10例吻合口止于胫后动脉,3例腓动脉,3例胫前动脉。复合血管组踝肱指数术前为0.24±0.14,术后为0.68±0.22(P=0.000)。倒置大隐静脉组平均踝肱指数术前为0.24±0.14,术后为0.68±0.22(P=0.000)。复合血管术后1,2,3年首次通畅率分别为78%,72%,61%;二期通畅率分别为83%,76%,6...     

个体化血管重建术治疗下肢多平面动脉硬化闭塞症

目的 观察序贯立交搭桥或结合腔内技术治疗下肢多平面动脉硬化闭塞症的临床效果。方法 2004年4月～2005年7月，对11例14条下肢多平面动脉硬化闭塞症患者，采用序贯立交搭桥或动脉内膜剥脱术或腔内外结合手术治疗。其中男10例，女1例；年龄62～79岁，平均70．5岁。表现为间歇性跛行8例（FontaineⅡ期），静息痛3例（Fontaine Ⅲ期），足趾溃疡、坏疽1例（FontaineⅣ期）。彩色多普勒检查示14条下肢均为多平面动脉硬化闭塞，踝肱指数（ankle brachialindex，ABI）为0．36±0．11。下肢数字减影血管造影（digital subtraction angiography，DSA）显示双侧髂总动脉闭塞2em、髂外动脉闭塞、双侧股浅动脉闭塞3例，右侧髂总动脉狭窄、髂外动脉闭塞、双侧股浅动脉闭塞1例，单侧髂外动脉狭窄、股浅动脉闭塞7例。术后行DSA、彩色多普勒检查及ABI测定，观察血管通畅情况。结果 术后无死亡。患者均获随访3～26个月，平均14．5个月。间歇性跛行、静息痛等症状均消失，ABI术后为0．89±0．13，与术前比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。肢体获救率100％。术后3～280d行下肢DSA显示转流血管通畅率为92．86％（13／14）。结论 序贯立交搭桥或腔内外手术结合，是治疗严重下肢多平面动脉硬化闭塞症的一种可靠、安全、相对微创的治疗方法。     

The natural history of bilateral aortofemoral bypass grafts for ischemia of the lower extremities.

Analysis of the immediate and long-term results in 180 patients undergoing aortofemoral bypass grafts for occlusive disease of the lower extremities showed the immediate graft limb patency in 360 graft limbs to be 99.2%. The cumulative ten-year graft limb patency was 66%. Factors associated with thrombosis of the graft limb revealed correlations for localized atherosclerotic disease of either the profunda femoris artery or the tibial trifurcation vessels. The highest correlation for graft limb thrombosis was with simultaneous lesions involving both the profunda femoris artery and tibial trifurcation vessels. The acute lower extremity salvage rate was 94%, and the ten-year cumulative extremity salvage for legs at risk of amputation was 85%. Postoperative symtpoms correlated well with patency. Overall operative mortality was five patients out of 180 (2.5%).     

Limb salvage with CryoVein cadaver saphenous vein allografts used for peripheral arterial bypass: role of blood compatibility

Patients suffering from limb-threatening ischemia often have scarce or inadequate autogenous veins for complex lower limb revascularization. One option for such patients is to use conduit consisting of cadaver saphenous vein allograft (CSVA) as a final surgical option before limb amputation. This study reviewed retrospectively the patency of CryoVein CSVA allografts, processed by CryoLife, Inc., in 54 implant cases of lower extremity arterial bypass over a span of 6 years. Patient demographics, graft patency, limb salvage, and blood type matching of donor to recipient were analyzed. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed postoperative primary patency rates of 89, 63%, 30%, 17%, and 9% at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 18 months, respectively. Secondary patency rates were 89%, 74%, 63%, 63%, and 54% at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 18 months, respectively. Limb salvage rates were 67% at 12 months and 54% at 18 months. Median follow-up was 467 days. Of the 34 cases where the patient received a blood-group compatible CSVA, 30 had limb salvage and only six of 20 noncompatible grafts offered limb salvage (p = 0.05). Although primary patency rate was poor at 1 year, high secondary patency and limb salvage rates support the use of CSVA as a peripheral bypass conduit alternative. Cases with donor-recipient ABO blood type compatibility had significantly better limb salvage.     

Early results for below-knee bypasses using Distaflo

In patients who require lower extremity revascularization, prosthetic graft is a reasonable alternative in the absence of a suitable autologous vein conduit. However, prosthetic bypass grafts have limited patency, especially for infrageniculate reconstruction. Polytetrafluoroethylene grafts were geometrically modified at the distal end to increase their patency. The authors reviewed their experience with the Distaflo graft in patients who required lower extremity below-knee popliteal and tibial bypasses when no suitable autologous vein conduit was available. Chart review was conducted of the 57 patients who underwent 60 lower extremity bypasses over a 3-year period between June 2003 and April 2006. Twenty-four revascularizations were constructed to the tibial outflow sites, whereas the remaining grafts were placed to the below-knee (28) and above-knee (8) popliteal artery, respectively. Study endpoints were primary, assisted primary, secondary patency, and limb salvage at the time of follow-up. Distaflo bypass was performed at the infrageniculate level in 86.7% of cases (28 below-knee popliteal, 24 tibial). Mean follow-up time was 12 months (range, 0.5-37.5 months). At 1 year, primary, assisted primary, and secondary patencies and limb salvage rates for below-knee popliteal bypasses were 83.5%, 89.5%, 94.7%, and 94.4%, respectively. Primary, assisted primary, and secondary patencies and limb salvage rates for tibial bypasses were 44.4%, 44.4%, 63.2%, and 74.9%, respectively. Distaflo precuffed graft is a good alternative conduit for below-knee popliteal and tibial lower extremity reconstructions in the absence of an autologous vein and appears to have promising early patency and limb salvage rates even when used for tibial bypasses.     

Comparative decades of experience with glutaraldehyde-tanned human umbilical cord vein graft for lower limb revascularization: an analysis of 1275 cases.

PURPOSE: Biological material has been used as an alternative to autogenous vein since the first lower extremity revascularization procedures were performed. Our experience with glutaraldehyde-tanned human umbilical cord vein graft (UVg), which spanned a period of 28 years, forms the basis of this report, with an emphasis on comparative results between the two decades from 1975 to 1985 and from 1990 to 2000. METHODS: Between 1990 and 2000, 283 lower extremity bypass grafting procedures were performed in 230 patients (264 limbs), with UVg used as the predominant, or sole, graft material. Our experience with 907 reconstructions in the decade from 1975 to 1985 has been previously documented and now serves as a baseline comparison with the past decade of experience with UVg. Each reconstruction was classified on the basis of the distal anastomotic site with or without distal arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs). The primary and secondary graft patency rates were determined for each category as was cumulative palliation, which combines the end points of graft failure, amputation, and death. RESULTS: The results from the second decade (1990 to 2000) showed a continuation of improving patency rates for UVg grafts in lower extremity revascularization. Comparison results of complications showed no changes in the low incidence rates of infection, stenosis, dissection, and pseudoaneurysm. The original series results showed a 2.9% requirement for aneurysm surgery, with an incidence rate of biodegradation of 57% (36% aneurysms, 21% dilation), whereas the current series results have shown no aneurysms to date. The comparative 6-year secondary patency rates for past and current popliteal and crural bypass grafts (with or without dAVF) were: popliteal, 53% versus 67%, P <.05; and crural, 26% without dAVF versus 47% with dAVF, P <.05. The limb salvage rates for the two series at 6 years showed no significant changes between the decades and the types of bypass grafts. Thrombolysis was performed during the decade from 1990 to 2000 in 27 UVg cases, with lysis achieved in 23 cases (85%) and limb salvage achieved in 20 cases (74%). Since 1996, associated endovascular procedures (fluoroscopy, angioplasty) have assumed increasing importance in the reduction of perioperative graft closure and in the enhancement of patency. CONCLUSION: Our continuing experience with UVg confirms that favorable results can be obtained with this biologic alternative to autologous vein for lower limb revascularization. Concern regarding biodegradation and aneurysm formation even after 5 years are unfounded at this time. Improved patency and limb salvage rates can be achieved in concert with lower nonthrombotic failure rates, increasing performance of associated endovascular procedures, use of tourniquets, and the addition of dAVF for crural bypass grafting. Prospective randomized studies are still necessary for the assessment of the comparative role of all graft materials, a project that continues to evade our specialty.     

Contemporary results with the biosynthetic glutaraldehyde denatured ovine collagen graft (Omniflow II) in femoropopliteal position

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to analyze the outcome of a contemporary series of femoropopliteal bypass operations with the glutaraldehyde denatured polyester mesh-reinforced ovine collagen prosthesis (OCP; Omniflow II [LeMaitre Vascular, Inc, Burlington, Mass]). The experience of two tertiary centers regarding long-term graft function, secondary reinterventions, and biodegeneration of the OCP prosthesis is presented.MethodsBetween January 2006 and January 2014, a series of 205 consecutive operations with the OCP in the femoropopliteal position (54 above knee and 151 below knee) were performed in 194 patients in 202 limbs for disabling claudication (72), chronic critical ischemia (105), acute ischemia (18), popliteal artery aneurysm (4), degeneration of a venous or prosthetic graft (5), and infection of a synthetic bypass graft (1). Grafts were observed with duplex ultrasound scan supplemented by additional angiography in case of recurrent ischemia with prospective documentation of follow-up data in a computerized vascular database. Retrospective analysis of graft patency, limb salvage, and diagnosis of aneurysmal graft degeneration was performed.ResultsThe 30-day mortality was 3.9%. Early thrombotic bypass occlusion occurred in 8.2% of cases. Four early graft infections could be successfully managed by local treatment with graft preservation. After a mean (median) follow-up of 56 (55) months (range, 1-135 months), primary patency, primary assisted patency, secondary patency, and limb salvage were 71%, 78%, 78%, and 91% for above-knee bypass and 40%, 50%, 63%, and 87% for below-knee bypass at 5 years. Biodegeneration in the form of graft aneurysm or graft stenosis was detected in 26 grafts (12.6%), resulting in secondary open or endovascular procedures in 16 cases.ConclusionsThe OCP provides satisfactory medium- and long-term patency and limb salvage in the femoropopliteal position. Aneurysmal degeneration or graft stenosis may develop over time, demanding lifelong duplex ultrasound surveillance and secondary intervention if needed. Its possible infection-resistant behavior in a contaminated field combined with an acceptable graft patency and limb salvage justifies the use of this graft in the absence of autologous vein.     

动脉旁路手术治疗慢性下肢缺血的中远期结果

目的 探讨慢性下肢缺血的动脉旁路治疗的中远期效果.方法 回顾性分析2002年1月至2007年4月212例经动脉旁路治疗的慢性下肢缺血患者的临床资料.治疗方式包括股.膝上腘动脉旁路111例,股-膝下胭动脉旁路59例,主-髂动脉旁路25例,股股转流17例.结果 术后186例(87.7%)获随访6～68个月(中位随访期18个月),股-膝上胭动脉旁路术与股-膝下胭动脉旁路术1年初次通畅率分别为69.7%、53.5%,二次累计通畅率为81.6%、60.5%,两者差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);其3年通畅率分别为56.3%和23.8%,两者差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);腹主-髂股旁路与股一膝上胭动脉旁路及股股转流术近远期通畅率差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).随访期内52例患者行二次手术,23例行膝上或膝下截肢,保肢率为89.2%.围手术期死亡10例(4.7%),随访死亡20例,多数死于心脑血管原发疾病;人工血管感染6例.结论 根据患者病情选用适当的旁路手术方式,可取得满意的效果.股-膝上腘动脉旁路中、远期通畅率高于股-膝下胭动脉旁路,两者近期通畅率无差异.     

远端流出道不良致严重下肢缺血39例的旁路移植术分析

目的探讨严重下肢缺血动脉的旁路移植手术方法 ,以挽救肢体避免截肢或降低截肢平面。方法 39例共 4 5条下肢仅有小腿单支流出道动脉的患者接受了动脉旁路移植手术。主要方式为股动脉 动脉人工血管 小腿动脉自体血管旁路移植术 2 1条 (4 6 7% )和动脉 小腿动脉旁路移植 10条 (2 2 2 % )。结果 39例患者中 ,1例术后第 5天因呼吸功能衰竭死亡 ,围手术期死亡率为 2 6 % ;围手术期移植血管闭塞 1例 (2 6 % ) ,手术成功率 97 4 %。出院时血管通畅率 10 0 % ,足部创面的愈合率 30 %。结论采用下肢远端动脉旁路移植治疗由仅有小腿单支流出道动脉供血的严重下肢缺血 ,可以挽救肢体或降低截肢平面 ,还可以为足部创面的愈合提供较好的营养环境。     

腘以远动脉闭塞所致下肢严重缺血的血供重建

目的 评价腘以远动脉闭塞所致下肢严重缺血(critical limb ischemia,CLI)的血供重建.方法 回顾性分析2003年12月至2009年1月,腘以远动脉闭塞所致CLI行经皮血管腔内成形(percutaneous transluminal angioplasty,PTA)和开放性重建(open reconstruction,OR)术的患者,详细记录患者的病史、病变特点、手术过程、并发症和随访信息.采用Kaplan-Meier生存分析重建血管通畅率和救肢率.结果 本组腘以远动脉闭塞所致CLI患者共167例,182条患肢.123条动脉硬化闭塞(arterios-clerosis occlusions,ASO)的患肢行腘以远动脉PTA治疗,33条血栓闭塞性脉管炎(thromboangiitis obliterans,TAO)和23条ASO患肢行腘以远动脉OR手术.PTA再管化通道6、12、24个月的通畅率分别是67%、54%和49%,其救肢率分别是91%、85%和78%,OR术后移植物6、12、24个月的通畅率分别是90%、83%和79%,其救肢率分别是92%、87%和80%,PTA重建血管的通畅率低于开放性手术(P＜0.05),但PTA和OR术的救肢率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 对腘以远动脉ASO的CLI患者,PTA有效、安全,可作为首选治疗方式.PTA治疗失败可选择OR术.对TAO患者腘以远动脉闭塞者OR术仍是最好的治疗选择.

Abstract：

Objective To assess reconstructive options for critical limb ischaemia in infrapopliteal arteries. Methods A retrospective review of all CLI patients who underwent infrapopliteal reconstruction was carried out. Patient history, demographics, procedure details, complications, and follow-up information were collected and analyzed. Patency, limb salvage rate was determined by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Results During the period (from December 2003 to January 2008 ), 123 CLI patients with arteriosclerosis occlusions were treated on an intention-to-treat basis with infrapopliteal percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA).Thirty-three thromboangiitis obliterans and twenty-three arteriosclerosis occlusions suffering CLI were treated by infrapopliteal bypass procedures. Primary patency and limb salvage rate of infrapopliteal PTA at 6, 12 and 24 months was 67%, 54%, 49% and 91%, 85%, 78% respectively, Primary patency and limb salvage rate of infrapopliteal surgical bypass at 6, 12 and 24 months was 90%, 83%, 79% and 92%,87%, 80% respectively, the patency of infrapopliteal PTA was lower than infrapopliteal surgical bypass (P ＜0. 01 ), but the limb salvage rate of infrapopliteal PTA and open surgery was no significant difference (P ＞ 0. 05 ). Conclusion Endovascular treatment (PTA) in patients with infrapopliteal arteriosclerosis occlusions and critical ischaemia is safe, effective. Infrapopliteal PTA can be used as the choice of therapy and surgical bypass reserved in those endovascular treatment failed. While in CLI patients with thromboangiitis obliterans infrapopliteal artery bypass remains the best treatment option.