补肾强督治偻方对脂多糖刺激的小鼠RAW264.7细胞炎性细胞因子表达的影响

【目的】研究补肾强督治偻方及其不同萃取成分对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的细胞炎性模型的细胞因子肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)表达的影响,探讨其主要的抗炎有效成分。【方法】采用系统溶剂法萃取补肾强督治偻方各成分,体外培养RAW264.7细胞,以LPS(1μg/m L)诱导炎症模型,补肾强督治偻方总方及不同溶剂萃取成分干预24 h,采用实时荧光定量PCR(QPCR)检测细胞TNF-α、IL-1βm RNA的表达。【结果】LPS刺激的RAW264.7细胞的炎症细胞因子TNF-α、IL-1βm RNA表达均显著升高(P<0.05),水与正丁醇萃取的补肾强督治偻方成分均可显著抑制RAW264.7巨噬细胞炎症模型TNF-α、IL-1βm RNA的表达(P<0.05),且呈一定的剂量依赖关系。【结论】水提取与正丁醇提取的补肾强督治偻方成分可能是其主要的抗炎有效成分部位,抑制炎症细胞因子基因表达可能是补肾强督治偻方治疗强直性脊柱炎的机制之一。     

黄芩苷对脂多糖诱导的人单核细胞THP-1的炎症反应的作用

目的 探讨黄芩苷(baicalin)对脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide, LPS)诱导的人单核细胞THP-1的炎症反应的作用。 方法 利用LPS建立人单核细胞THP-1的炎症模型,实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(real-time quantitatFive polymerase chain reaction, RT-qPCR)方法检测白细胞介素-1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)、IL-6、IL-8、粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor,GM-CSF)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)的相对表达,确定最优的LPS刺激浓度。乳酸脱氢酶检测试剂盒检测黄芩苷的细胞毒性,优选其最佳使用浓度范围。对LPS诱导的人单核细胞THP-1炎症模型予以不同浓度的黄芩苷预处理,利用RT-qPCR法检测黄芩苷对LPS诱导的人单核细胞THP-1的IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8、GM-CSF和TNF-α的表达升高的影响。 结果 与对照组相比,1 μg/mL的LPS处理人单核细胞THP-1 24 h后均可显著引起IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8、GM-CSF和TNF-α的表达升高(P<0.05),黄芩苷在浓度为10、30、100 μmol/L时处理人单核细胞THP-1 24 h和48 h,无明显细胞毒性。30 μmol/L和100 μmol/L的黄芩苷可降低LPS诱导的人单核细胞THP-1的IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8、GM-CSF和TNF-α的表达升高。 结论 黄芩苷可显著抑制LPS诱导的人单核细胞THP-1的炎症反应。     

五味子乙素通过抑制TLR4-MyD88信号通路减轻脂多糖诱导的小鼠巨噬细胞凋亡

[目的]研究五味子乙素(schisandrin B,Sch B)对脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)诱导的小鼠巨噬细胞损伤的保护作用及其潜在分子机制。[方法]以小鼠巨噬细胞(RAW 264.7)为研究对象,建立LPS细胞炎症损伤模型,通过比色法测定细胞乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)释放量、细胞存活率、细胞内炎症因子肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)表达,以检测Sch B对LPS诱导的炎症的保护作用;荧光定量PCR检测Toll样受体4(Toll like receptor4,TLR4)、髓样分化因子88(myeloid differentiation factor88,MyD88)及TNF-α的mRNA表达。[结果]LPS显著诱导RAW 264.7细胞损伤(P＜0.05),而Sch B能减轻LPS诱导的RAW 264.7细胞损伤,且呈剂量依赖关系(P＜0.05)。Sch B能显著下调TNF-α、IL-6的表达(P＜0.05),此外Sch B能显著抑制TLR4、MyD88及TNF-α的mRNA表达(P＜0.05),减轻LPS诱导的细胞炎症反应。[结论]Sch B能够显著改善LPS诱导的RAW 264.7细胞炎症反应,具有潜在防治非酒精性脂肪肝炎的作用,TLR4-MyD88信号通路参与Sch B对细胞损伤的保护作用。     

多指标正交试验优选代谢综合征方提取工艺

目的:优选代谢综合征方水提部分回流提取工艺。方法:采用正交试验法,以黄芪甲苷、毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、金丝桃苷和蒙花苷的含量做为综合评价指标,考察溶剂用量、提取时间及提取次数对代谢综合征方提取工艺的影响。采用高效液相测定提取液中黄芪甲苷、毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、金丝桃苷和蒙花苷的含量。结果:提取次数对代谢综合征方水提部分提取效果具有显著性影响,加水量和提取时间对提取效果均无显著影响。故代谢综合征方的最佳水提取工艺为12倍水回流提取3次,每次2.5 h,所得黄芪甲苷、毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、金丝桃苷和蒙花苷的平均提取量为1.235 mg·g~(-1)、0.580 mg·g~(-1)、3.693 mg·g~(-1)、15.010 mg·g~(-1)。结论:该优选工艺稳定、合理,可为代谢综合征方的大规模生产提供实验依据。     

菝葜抗炎有效部位群的效应成分研究

目的探讨菝葜抗炎有效部位群中落新妇苷、花旗松素、槲皮素、芦丁、白藜芦醇、黄杞苷、薯蓣皂苷、薯蓣皂苷元、菝葜皂苷元、甲基原薯蓣皂苷、原薯蓣皂苷、纤维薯蓣皂苷的体外抗炎活性与免疫调节作用,为诠释菝葜的药效物质基础提供依据。方法采用脂多糖(LPS)刺激小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7模型,酶联免疫法(ELISA)检测12个单体成分对白介素-1β(IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-6(IL-6)释放的影响,考察其抗炎活性;采用CCK-8法检测各成分对小鼠脾淋巴细胞体外增殖水平及ELISA检测LPS刺激脾淋巴细胞后各成分对白介素-2(IL-2)、TNF-α和干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)释放的影响,考察其免疫调节活性。结果在LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞模型中,除白藜芦醇外,其余11种化合物对IL-6都有一定的抑制作用,而落新妇苷还呈现出双向调节作用;落新妇苷、槲皮素、白藜芦醇、原薯蓣皂苷、薯蓣皂苷及菝葜皂苷元6种化合物对IL-1β具有抑制作用;5种黄酮类单体及白藜芦醇对TNF-α的抑制作用极为显著,而6种皂苷类成分对TNF-α则有促进作用;在脾淋巴细胞模型中,12个单体成分对脾淋巴细胞均有明显的增殖作用,对相应的炎症因子也有明显的抑制作用。结论落新妇苷等12个单体成分均具有抗炎及免疫调节作用,可能是菝葜抗炎有效部位群发挥作用的的主要效应成分。     

仙茅-淫羊藿水提物入血成分的抗炎作用研究

目的：探究仙茅-淫羊藿水提物（EX）中入血成分的抗炎作用。方法：采用AutoDockTools软件将EX中5种入血成分（仙茅苷、淫羊藿苷、宝藿苷I、苔黑酚葡萄糖苷和朝藿定A）与靶蛋白髓细胞触发受体2(TREM2)进行分子对接;采用细胞计数试剂盒（CCK8）检测EX中5种入血成分在不同浓度下对小胶质细胞（BV2）细胞活力的影响;采用LPS刺激BV2或小鼠骨髓来源的巨噬细胞（BMDMs）及尼日利亚菌素（nigericin）刺激LPS预处理的BMDMs细胞建立炎症模型,并用酶联免疫吸附测定法（ELISA）检测5种入血成分对细胞上清液中肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和白介素-1β(IL-1β)水平的影响。结果：EX的入血成分仙茅苷、淫羊藿苷、宝藿苷I和朝藿定A与TREM2结合十分稳定,苔黑酚葡萄糖苷与TREM2结合较为稳定;仙茅苷、淫羊藿苷、宝藿苷I、朝藿定A和苔黑酚葡萄糖苷均可在一定浓度下减少BMDMs细胞产生的IL-1β水平,而仅高浓度的仙茅苷和淫羊藿苷可减少BMDMs细胞产生的TNF-α水平。结论：EX的5种入血成分均可与TREM2结合,抑制下游NF-κB、NLRP3炎症通路改善炎症,可...     

黄芪赤风汤指纹图谱建立及主要成分含量测定

目的 建立10批黄芪赤风汤供试品溶液的指纹图谱，以及对方中芍药内酯苷、芍药苷、毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、芒柄花苷、毛蕊异黄酮、芒柄花素、黄芪甲苷7种主要成分进行测定。方法 采用Diamonsil C18(2)色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)；使用0.05%甲酸水(B)-5%四氢呋喃95%乙腈(D)为流动相进行梯度洗脱；流量：1 mL/min；柱温：23℃，进样量：10μL。基于HPLC-ELSD法，漂移管温度：60℃，柱温：30℃，进样量：20μL。结果 10批黄芪赤风汤供试品共标出16个共有峰，其相似度均在0.9以上，并对毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、芒柄花素、芍药苷、升麻素、5-O-甲基维斯阿米醇苷、毛蕊异黄酮、芍药内酯苷分别进行指认；基于HPLC-ELSD法：10批黄芪赤风汤其相似度均在0.903以上。且7种主要成分在各自的加样范围中线性关系良好，各自加样回收率RSD≤3%，含量为：芍药内酯苷(9.58±1.70)mg/g、芍药苷(8.36±0.78)mg/g、毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷(0.77±0.11)mg/g、芒柄花苷(0.16±0.06)mg/g、毛蕊异黄酮(0.50±0.06)m...     

天名精根提取物调控TLRs信号抑制RAW264.7细胞炎症的研究

[目的]阐明天名精根提取物对RAW264.7细胞炎症反应的影响及其机制。[方法]采集野生天名精全株,处理得天名精根粉末,制备天名精根乙醇和石油醚提取物,并以高效液相色谱法(high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC)检测其中主要成分;采用脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)、灭活的金黄色葡萄球菌(heat-inactivated preparations of Staphylococcus aureus pathogens,SAC)刺激RAW264.7细胞,构建体外炎症模型。以MTT法检测细胞增殖,qPCR检测白细胞介素-1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)、IL-6、肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、Toll样受体-2(Toll-like receptor-2,TLR-2)、TLR-4、髓样分化因子88(myeloid differentiation primary response 88,MyD88)、核转录因子-κB(nuclear factor-κB,NF-κB)m RNA表达,Western blot检测NF-κB p65蛋白表达。[结果]与正常对照组比较,LPS或SAC刺激后RAW264.7细胞IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-αmRNA表达增加(P0.01),NF-κB蛋白与mRNA表达增加(P0.01);LPS刺激后TLR-4、MyD88 m RNA表达增加(P0.01,P0.05),SAC刺激后TLR-2、MyD88 m RNA表达增加(P0.01)。天名精根提取物干预后,与LPS组或SAC组比较,RAW264.7细胞IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-αmRNA表达减低(P0.01),同时NF-κB m RNA和NF-κB p65蛋白表达也减低(P0.01);TLR-4和MyD88 m RNA表达明显低于LPS组(P0.01,P0.05),TLR-2和MyD88 mRNA表达表达明显低于SAC组(P0.01,P0.05)。[结论]天名精根提取物可以抑制由LPS和灭活的金黄色葡萄球菌引起的RAW264.7细胞炎症反应,其机制可能与抑制TLRs-NF-κB信号通路有关。     

UPLC法同时测定新安名方脑络欣通中5个活性成分的含量

目的:建立UPLC法同时测定脑络欣通方中羟基红花黄色素A、毛蕊异黄酮苷、阿魏酸、芒柄花苷、毛蕊异黄酮5个活性成份。方法:ACQUITY-CSH-C_(18)(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.7μm)色谱柱;0.05%甲酸水(A)-乙腈(B)为流动相,梯度洗脱;检测波长:260 nm;流速:0.25 mL/min;柱温:30℃;进样量:2μL;分析时间:17 min。结果:脑络欣通方中羟基红花黄色素A、毛蕊异黄酮苷、阿魏酸、芒柄花苷、毛蕊异黄酮的含量分别为59.847 ng、6.888 ng、11.735 ng、2.085 ng、1.834 ng。结论:该方法简便、准确可靠、重复性高,可适用于脑络欣通方的质量控制。     

异落新妇苷通过调节NLRP3炎症小体和NF-κB信号通路减轻尿酸钠诱导的小鼠急性痛风性关节炎机制研究

[目的] 基于NOD样受体蛋白3(NOD-like receptor pyrin domain 3,NLRP3)炎症小体和核因子-κB(nuclear factor-κB,NF-κB)信号通路,研究异落新妇苷(isoastilbin,IA)对小鼠急性痛风性关节炎模型的抗炎作用及机制。[方法] 通过关节腔注射尿酸钠(monosodium urate,MSU)混悬液,建立小鼠急性痛风性关节炎模型,以自制足趾容积测量装置测定踝关节肿胀度;苏木精-伊红(hematoxylin-eosin,HE)染色法观察踝关节炎性浸润情况;酶联免疫吸附试验(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)检测踝关节中白细胞介素-1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)的水平;免疫印迹法检测踝关节中NLRP3炎症小体和NF-κB信号通路中相关蛋白的表达情况。 [结果] 踝关节注射MSU混悬液诱导小鼠产生急性痛风性关节炎。与正常组比较,模型组小鼠踝关节肿胀率明显升高(P＜0.01),炎性浸润增加,IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α分泌水平显著增高(P＜0.01),NLRP3炎症小体和NF-κB信号通路相关蛋白表达增加(P＜0.01)。与模型组比较,IA具有较强的抗炎效果,剂量依赖性地降低小鼠踝关节肿胀率(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),减轻炎性浸润情况,减少相关炎症因子的分泌(P＜0.01),下调NLRP3炎症小体和NF-κB信号通路相关蛋白表达(P＜0.01)。 [结论] IA对小鼠急性痛风性关节炎模型表现出较强的抗炎效果,其机制与调节NLRP3炎症小体和NF-κB信号通路相关。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.