Allele frequencies for 15 autosomal STR loci in Fars province population,southwest of Iran

Allele frequency data at 15 short tandem repeat loci, D8S1179, D21S11, D7S820, CSF1PO, D3S1358, THO1, D13S317, D16S539, D2S1338, D19S433, VWA, TPOX, D18S51, D5S818 and FGA have been determined for unrelated individuals in a population sample of Iranian Fars individuals. With exception of the D13S317 (P-value = 0.0458) and TPOX (P-value = 0.0477), no deviation from HWE were found in the study population using the exact test. The most discriminating loci were FGA (PD = 0.965) and D2S1338 (PD = 0.964). These data can be used for estimating the frequency of short tandem repeat profiles in a population of Fars province individuals.     

Allele frequency data for 17 short tandem repeats in a Czech population sample

Allele frequencies for 17 short tandem repeats (STRs) autosomal loci (D2S1338, D3S1358, D5S818, D7S820, D8S1179, D13S317, D16S539, D18S51, D19S433, D21S11, CSF1PO, FGA, PentaD, PentaE, TH01, TPOX, vWA) were studied in an extensive sample (max. N = 1411) of unrelated individuals originating from the Czech Republic. Population and forensic parameters were estimated. Except for FGA and Penta E loci, no deviations from the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium were detected. A comparative analysis with published data revealed significant differences in allele frequencies for some loci from the Polish population and three Hungarian populations (Ashkenazim population and Romany populations from Debrecen and Baranya County, respectively). A combination of these 17 STR loci provides a powerful tool for forensic identification in the native Czech population.     

Population database on 15 autosomal STR loci in 1000 unrelated individuals from the Lodz region of Poland

Allele frequency data and forensic efficiency parameters for 15 STR loci: D8S1179, D21S11, D7S820, CSF1PO, D3S1358, TH01, D13S317, D16S539, D2S1338, D19S433, vWA, TPOX, D18S51, D5S818, and FGA, were estimated from the sample of 1000 unrelated individuals from the Lodz region of Poland. The combined MP and PE for all 15 loci are 4.8 × 10⁻¹⁸ and 0.9999989, respectively. The comparison of our data with other Polish populations revealed statistically significant differences in 6 out of 15 loci between Lodz and the Podlasie region of Poland.     

Present day inbreeding does not forbid the forensic utility of commonly explored STR loci: A case study of native Qataris

Allele frequency distribution of 15 short tandem repeat (STR) loci (D8S1179, D21S11, D7S820, CSF1PO, D3S1358, TH01, D13S317, D16S539, D2S1338, D19S433, vWA, TPOX, D18S51, D5S818, and FGA) was studied in a sample of 120 unrelated native Qatari population using the AmpFISTR^® Identifiler kit (Applied Biosystems, Foster city, CA, USA). All loci met Hardy–Weinberg expectations and there was no evidence for linkage disequilibrium between any of the marker pairs. The most discriminating locus was D2S1338 with a power of discrimination (PD) of 0.969, while the lowest one was TPOX, yet with a PD of 0.821. For all the 15 loci, the combined PD and the combined power of exclusion (PE) were respectively 0.99999999 and 0.99999744. Thus the probability of finding two individuals bearing an identical 15 locus DNA profile is one in 10⁸ native Qatari subjects and this surpasses largely the present day Qatari natives consisting of around 3.5 × 10⁵ individuals. The results of this study demonstrate the usefulness and reliability of the AmpFISTR^® Identifiler kit for individual identification in forensic studies in the native Qatari population, despite the current practice of high inbreeding.     

Genetic analyzing of 15 STR loci in a Han population of Jinan (northern China)

This study reports the genetic polymorphic data of 15 autosomal STRs D3S1358, TH01, D21S11, D18S51, D5S818, D13S317, D7S820, D16S539, CSF1PO, vWA, D8S1179, TPOX, D2S1338, D19S433, and FGA observed in Han ethnic group living in Jinan, Shandong, China. The combined match probability and exclusion probability for 15 loci was 3.89 × 10⁻¹⁷ and 0.99997, respectively. No mutations at these loci were found in 78 pedigrees, and Chi-test of allelic frequencies in 420 unrelated samples showed no departure from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium at these loci. The pairwise comparisons between Jinan and 41 reference populations were performed.     

Population genetic data for 17 STR markers from Lebanon

Seventeen autosomal STRs were analyzed (D2S1338, D3S1358, D5S818, D7S820, D8S1179, D13S317, D16S539, D18S51, D19S433, D21S11, CSF1PO, FGA, TH01, TPOX, vWA, Penta D, and Penta E) in the Lebanese population. A total of 192 unrelated individuals were genotyped for the 15 autosomal STRs in the Promega PowerPlex 16 STR kit. An additional 275 unrelated individuals were genotyped for the Applied Biosystems AmpFlSTR Identifiler and SGM + STR kits. Allele frequencies for the shared CODIS 13 loci among the three STR kits tested were not significantly different among individuals within the Lebanese population. Forensic and population genetic parameters for the 17 loci were calculated. We also compared the allele frequencies from this population with other populations in the same geographic vicinity.     

Polymorphism analysis of 15 STR loci in a large sample of the Han population in southern China

We have conducted genotyping experiments on 15 STR loci in over 5000 unrelated individuals of the Han population in Southern China. The loci are D31358, TH01, D21S11, D18S51, Penta E, D5S818, D13S317, D7S820, D16S539, CSF1PO, Penta D, vWA, D8S1179, TPOX and FGA. Our statistic analysis indicates that the 15 STR loci conform to the Hardy–Weinberg's equilibrium (p > 0.05). We also report here the heterozygosity, matching probability, power of discrimination, probability of exclusion, polymorphism information content and typical paternity index for each locus. The results indicate that these loci are highly polymorphic in the Han population in Southern China.     

Genetic polymorphism studies on 22 autosomal STR loci of the PowerPlex Fusion System in Bangladeshi population

Genetic polymorphism of 22 autosomal STR loci included in PowerPlex® Fusion System (D3S1358, D1S1656, D2S441, D10S1248, D13S317, Penta E, D16S539, D18S51, D2S1338, CSF1PO, Penta D, TH01, vWA, D21S11, D7S820, D5S818, TPOX, D8S1179, D12S391, D19S433, FGA and D22S1045) was studied in 188 unrelated Bangladeshi Bengali individuals. Allele frequencies and forensic efficiency parameters such as, the power of discrimination (PD), observed and expected heterozygosity (Ho & He), polymorphism information content (PIC), probability of match (PM), power of exclusion (PE) and typical paternity index was calculated for the loci. The combined PM and PE for all 22 STR loci were calculated to be 5.29 × 10⁻²⁷ and 0.99999999945 respectively. The dataset indicated the usefulness of these loci in personal identification, parentage testing and complex kinship analysis in Bangladeshi population. A neighbor-joining tree was constructed based on pair-wise Nei’s genetic distance by comparing allele frequency data for the 22 loci with six other populations. The analysis showed that Bangladeshi population lies closer to a clade consisting Japan, the Philippines and East Timot populations.     

Genetic variation of 15 autosomal STR loci in a Somali population

Allele frequencies for 15 autosomal STR loci included in the AmpFℓSTR Identifiler kit (CSF1PO, D13S317, D16S539, D18S51, D19S433, D21S11, D2S1338, D3S1358, D5S818, D7S820, D8S1179, FGA, TH01, TPOX, VWA) were obtained from the analysis of 404 individuals with Somali origin. The overall match probability for the 15 studied loci was 1 in 1.18 × 10¹⁷ and the combined power of exclusion was 0.999997676. Deviation from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium was observed for locus D2S1338 after correction for multiple testing. When comparing allele frequencies with five other African populations (Karamoja (Uganda), Mozambique, Tanzania and two other Somali population sample sets), only the Somali populations did not show significant differences for any of the tested loci.     

Genetic analysis of 15 STR loci in the population of Zhejiang Province (Southeast China)

Fifteen autosomal STR loci were analyzed from a population sample of 598 unrelated individuals residing in Zhejiang Province. We report allele frequencies distribution and statistical parameters for all 15 STR loci, D8S1179, D21S11, D7S820, CSF1PO, D3S1358, THO1, D13S317, D16S539, D2S1338, D19S433, VWA, TPOX, D18S51, D5S818 and FGA. Allele frequencies, the observed heterozygosity (Ho), the polymorphic information content (PIC), and the probability of paternity exclusion (PE) were calculated. All loci were in accordance with Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (P > 0.05). Our studied population data were compared with the previously published population data of other ethnic groups or areas in China. Our results of present study were valuable for human identification and paternity tests in Zhejiang Province.     

Validation study of a 15-plex rapid STR amplification system for human identification

Conventional PCR amplification requires approximately 3 h to complete and thus does not meet the requirements of rapid DNA analysis. The purpose of this study was to validate a rapid 15-plex PCR system that can amplify 14 autosomal short tandem repeat (STR) loci (i.e., D6S1043, D21S11, D7S820, CFS1PO, D2S1338, D3S1358, D13S317, D8S1179, D16S539, Penta E, D5S818, vWA, D18S51, and FGA) and Amelogenin. This system was validated by sensitivity, species specificity, inhibitor tests, sizing accuracy, stutter calculation, concordance tests, DNA mixture, and case sample tests according to the Scientific Working Group for DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM) guidelines and Chinese criteria. We found that the rapid 15-plex PCR system could shorten the amplification time to 37 min and proved that it provides an alternative method for conventional PCR in human identification detection.     

Genetic variation of 15 autosomal STR loci in a population sample from Poland

Fifteen autosomal STR loci included in AmpF?STR® NGM? kit were analyzed in 154 unrelated individuals from Poland. This multiplex kit enables simultaneous amplification of 10 standard STR loci included in AmpF?STR® SGM Plus® kit (D3S1358, vWA, D16S539, D2S1338, D8S1179, D19S433, TH01, FGA, D21S11 and D18S51) and five new mini- and midi-STR loci (D10S1248, D22S1045, D2S441, D1S1656 and D12S391). Population study was conducted to evaluate usefulness of the loci (especially the five new microsatellite systems) in forensic genetic identification examinations. All 15 markers were found to be in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. The combined probability of match for the 15 studied STR loci was 3.998 × 10^?19. The same parameter calculated for five new microsatellite loci equaled 8.83 × 10^?7. Discrimination power was particularly high in case of D1S1656 (0.975) and D12S391 (0.972) STR loci.     

Population genetic data for 15 autosomal STR markers in Turkish Cypriots from Cyprus

Fifteen autosomal short tandem repeat (STR) markers [D8S1179, D21S11, D7S820, CSF1PO, D3S1358, THO1, D13S317, D16S539, D2S1338, D19S433, vWA, TPOX, D18S51, D5S818 and FGA] were analyzed in 501 unrelated, randomly selected Turkish Cypriot individuals from the island of Cyprus. While no locus duplications or null alleles were detected in these samples, eight allelic variants were observed in total, 75% of which were intermediate allelic variants that were absent in the system allelic ladder. Allelic frequencies and statistical parameters of forensic interest were calculated at each locus. For the 15 STR loci tested, combined matching probability (pM) was 2.15717 × 10⁻¹⁸ and combined power of exclusion (PE) was 0.9999995213. No deviations from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were observed, except for the vWA locus, which became insignificant after the Bonferroni correction for multiple testing. Locus-by-locus comparisons of the Turkish Cypriot allelic frequencies with those published for the neighboring and/or historically related populations with similar loci coverage (Turkish, Greek, Greek Cypriot, Italian and Lebanese) revealed some statistically significant differences at one to five loci. In general, an increase in the number of such significant differences between the Turkish Cypriot data and those for other populations correlated closely with an increase in the geographic distance and/or a decrease in the amount of historical contact. The Turkish Cypriot autosomal STR population study will find immediate use in the Committee on Missing Persons in Cyprus Project on the “Exhumation, Identification and Return of Remains of Missing Persons” and it will also be available for criminal, parentage and other missing person investigations.     

Development and validation of a new STR 25-plex typing system

In this study, a new STR 25-plex typing system, including 23 autosomal STRs (D1S1656, D2S1338, D2S441, D3S1358, D5S818, D6S1043, D7S820, D8S1179, D10S1248, D12S391, D13S317, D16S539, D18S51, D19S433, D21S11, D22S1045, CSF1PO, FGA, Penta D, Penta E, TH01, TPOX, vWA) and a Y-STR locus of DYS391 and amelogenin, was developed. The included 24 STRs belonged to the main international DNA databases (CODIS, ISSL, ESS-extended, UCL, GCL and NCIDD) except D6S1043 (specially chosen for Chinese population). Developmental validation indicated that the STR 25-plex typing system was reproducible, accurate, sensitive and robust. The sensitivity testing of the system was such that a full profile was obtainable even with 125 pg of human DNA. Specificity testing was demonstrated by the lack of cross-reactivity with a variety of commonly encountered animal species and microbial pool. For the stability testing, full profiles can been obtained with humic acid concentration ≤ 60 ng/μL and hematin < 500 μM. Also, this multiplex system is suitable for mixture study. All of the minor alleles were called for ratios of 1:1, 1:3 and 3:1 of the mixture with the system. In addition, the whole PCR amplification can finish within 1 h, making the system suitable for fast-detection. For the forensic evaluation of the multiplex system, 23 autosomal STRs included followed the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. A total of 268 alleles were detected for the 23 autosomal STR loci among 200 individuals. Since 23 autosomal STRs were independent from each other, CMEC_duo was 0.99999916563607 and CMEC_tri was 0.99999999986525. All the forensic efficiency parameters demonstrated that this multiplex system is highly polymorphic and informative in the Han population of China.     

Referring to judo’s sports injuries in São Paulo State Championship

ObjectiveIn a pioneer way, we investigated the morbidity of sports injuries referred by judo athletes from São Paulo State Championship.Material and methodsData collection from 93 senior judokas in State of São Paulo Judo Championship, through Referred Morbidity Inquiry about last year.ResultsOne hundred and ten events were registered with a distribution frequency gradient of sprain > contusion > strain > ligament injury > partial and total dislocation. The most injured body areas were: knee (26.3%), shoulder (21.8%), fingers (17.3%), and ankle (10.0%). The most risky situation was when the athlete was training (standing, applying a blow) and it can be explained by the frequent and unprepared exposition of the athletes. Yearly lesion rate was 1.18 injuries per athlete/year.ConclusionSprains constitute the most common judo injury, and athletes are more susceptible when they apply blows; discussion about the direction that the prevention should be applied remains opened.     

Male lineage strata of Brazilian population disclosed by the simultaneous analysis of STRs and SNPs

Brazil has a large territory divided in five geographical regions harboring highly diverse populations that resulted from different degrees and modes of admixture between Native Americans, Europeans and Africans. In this study, a sample of 605 unrelated males was genotyped for 17 Y-STRs and 46 Y-SNPs aiming a deep characterization of the male gene pool of Rio de Janeiro and its comparison with other Brazilian populations. High values of Y-STR haplotype diversity (0.9999 ± 0.0001) and Y-SNP haplogroup diversity (0.7589 ± 0.0171) were observed. Population comparisons at both haplotype and haplogroup levels showed significant differences between Brazilian South Eastern and Northern populations that can be explained by differences in the proportion of African and Native American Y chromosomes. Statistical significant differences between admixed urban samples from the five regions of Brazil were not previously detected at haplotype level based on smaller size samples from South East, which emphasizes the importance of sample size to detected population stratification for an accurate interpretation of profile matches in kinship and forensic casework. Although not having an intra-population discrimination power as high as the Y-STRs, the Y-SNPs are more powerful to disclose differences in admixed populations. In this study, the combined analysis of these two types of markers proved to be a good strategy to predict population sub-structure, which should be taken into account when delineating forensic database strategies for Y chromosome haplotypes.     

Genetic variation analysis of 15 autosomal STR loci of AmpFℓSTR® Sinofiler™ PCR Amplification Kit in Henan (central China) Han population

AmpF?STR® Sinofiler? PCR Amplification Kit is specially developed for Chinese forensic laboratories, but there are little population-genetic indices about this kit as a whole. This kit contains 15 STR loci: D8S1179, D21S11, D7S820, CSF1PO, D3S1358, D13S317, D16S539, D2S1338, D19S433, vWA, D18S51, D6S1043, D12S391, D5S818 and FGA. In order to evaluate this kit and to get basic population-genetic indices for its use in forensic practice in Chinese Han population, the DNA of 231 unrelated Han individuals from Henan (central China) were typed using the Kit. The most discriminating locus was D6S1043 while the least was D3S1358. The combined match probability was 9.81 × 10^?19 and the combined power of exclusion was 0.99999974. Statistical analysis of the generated data indicated no departure from expectation of Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) in all loci but D6S1043 and no linkage disequilibrium in all pairs of loci. The observed and expected heterozygosity, power of discrimination, polymorphic information content, the other population-genetic indices were calculated.     

Allele frequencies of 14 STR loci in the population of Malta

Allele frequencies of 14 STR loci (D13S317, D16S539, D2S1338, vWA, TPOX, D18S51, D5S818, FGA, D8S1179, D21S11, D7S820, CSF1PO, TH01 and D3S1358) observed in the population of Malta are being reported. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification using the AmpFl STR Identifiler kit was performed in a random sample of 157 subjects (314 chromosomes). Markers D2S1338, D18S51 and FGA had the highest power of discrimination (PD) values while TPOX was the least informative marker. Allele frequencies observed in the Maltese population were also compared with those of other populations from the Mediterranean region, Europe and Africa. Our data is useful for anthropological and other comparative studies of populations and is powerful for forensic and paternity testing in the Maltese islands.     

Population genetic data for 11 STR loci,including SE33, in Southern Brazil

Allele frequencies for 11 STR autosomal loci (D3S1358, vWA, D16S539, D2S1338, D8S1179, SE33, D19S433, TH01, FGA, D21S11, D18S51) were analysed in unrelated individuals undergoing paternity testing in Rio Grande do Sul State, Southern Brazil. The most polimorphic locus was SE33. The distributions of the genotypes in the evaluated loci are in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium after Bonferroni’s correction.     

Allele frequency distribution for 15 autosomal STR loci in two Muslim populations of Tamilnadu, India

Allele frequencies of the 15 autosomal STR loci: D8S1179, D21S11, D7S820, CSF1PO, D19S433, vWA, TPOX, D18S51, D3S1358, THO1, D13S317, D16S539, D2S1338, D5S818, and FGA were determined in two endogamous Muslim populations (Dawoodi Bohra Muslims from Shiite Muslims and Sunni Muslims) residing in Tamilnadu, India. The Loci D7S820, CSF1PO, D19S433, vWA, TPOX, D13S317, D16S539, D5S818, and FGA in Dawoodi Bohra Muslims from Shiite Muslims, and CSF1PO, D19S433, TPOX, and D16S539 in Sunni Muslims were found to deviate significantly from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The power of discrimination of the analyzed markers was found to be high for the populations, thereby facilitating the validation and efficiency of these STR markers in human identification.