双膝骨关节炎对女性老年人踝关节策略动态平衡能力的影响

目的 探索双膝骨关节炎(knee osteoarthritis,KOA)对女性老年人踝关节策略动态平衡能力的影响.方法 采用动态平衡能力测试仪测试KOA患者(KOA组)和一般老年人(对照组)平衡得分、旋转速度、最大旋转速度、目标球在各区域的停留时间百分比等指标,并进行对比分析.结果 KOA组的平衡得分低于对照组;KOA...     

体感游戏康复治疗对孤独症儿童社交障碍、日常生活能力及情绪行为的影响

目的:分析体感游戏康复治疗对孤独症儿童社交障碍、日常生活能力及情绪行为的影响。方法:选取2014年9月至2017年1月期间在我院儿科接受规律性康复治疗与训练的孤独症儿童70例,按随机数表法分为实验组(n=35)和对照组(n=35),对照组患儿接受传统综合治疗,包括药物治疗及常规康复训练;实验组患儿在对照组基础上进行体感游戏康复治疗。治疗前后采用能力低下儿童评定量表(PEDI)、儿童孤独症症状评定量表(CARS)及儿童孤独症行为量表(ABC)评估日常生活能力、社交障碍及情绪行为等改善效果。结果:两组治疗前PEDI评分、CARS评分、ABC评分比较均无统计学意义,治疗后3项评分均显著改善,且实验组治疗后PEDI评分显著高于对照组,CARS评分、ABC评分显著低于对照组(t=2.40,-3.72,-3.90;P0.05)。结论:体感游戏康复治疗对孤独症儿童社交障碍、日常生活能力及异常情绪行为改善效果显著。     

轻度认知障碍患者平衡功能与视空间感知功能的关系

目的:对轻度认知障碍(MCI)患者的平衡功能与视空间感知功能之间的关系进行初步的探讨。方法:通过Berg平衡量表(BBS)测评,将116例MCI患者分为平衡障碍组(BBS46分,29例)和平衡正常组(BBS≥46分,87例)。同时,采用线方向判断测验评估MCI患者的视空间感知功能。结果:平衡障碍组的线方向判断测验评分低于平衡正常组,差异有统计学意义(t=-3.218,P=0.002)。MCI患者的线方向判断测验评分与BBS总分(r=0.256,P=0.006)、动态平衡功能评分(r=0.284,P=0.004)正相关;而与BBS静态平衡功能评分(r=0.163,P=0.369)无显著相关性。结论:MCI患者的视空间感知功能,对患者的平衡功能、特别是动态平衡功能有影响;视空间感知功能受损,可能是MCI患者平衡障碍的一个原因。     

中老年人静态平衡能力与认知、焦虑的相关性分析

目的探讨中老年人静态平衡能力与认知、焦虑之间的相关性。方法选择北京市海淀区中老年受试者57例,其中女性28例,男性29例;年龄50~70岁,平均年龄59.70岁;平均身高164.49 cm,平均体质量69.51 kg,平均体质量指数25.63 kg/m~2。受试对象分别在睁眼双足、睁眼单足、闭眼双足、闭眼单足4种站立状态下测试10 s平衡能力。用简单反应时(SRT)和空间记忆广度(VMT)测试受试者的认知功能。用贝克焦虑量表和状态-特质焦虑问卷进行焦虑状态评估。分析平衡能力与认知、焦虑之间的相关性。结果睁眼双足状态下,VMT与线形图总长度(L-SKG)有显著的相关性(r=-0.43,P=0.01)。睁眼单足状态下,SRT与轨迹长度(LFS)有显著的相关性(r=0.44,P=0.01),T-AI与x轴上摆动幅度(SM_x)的平均值呈正相关系(r=0.35,P=0.04)。闭眼双足状态下,VMT与L-SKG有显著的相关性(r=-0.42,P=0.01)。闭眼单足状态下SRT与y轴上摆动幅度(SMy)的平均值有相关性(r=-0.34,P=0.04),BAI与MD呈负相关关系(r=-0.33,P=0.04)。结论对于50~70岁健康中老年人来说,静态平衡能力与认知、焦虑之间有一定的相关性。     

支撑面稳定度在不同视觉输入条件下对轻度认知障碍老年人平衡能力的影响

背景：支撑面稳定度与视觉输入是影响静态平衡的重要因素，但目前对轻度认知障碍老年人平衡能力的研究大多集中在稳定的硬支撑面，对其在不同视觉输入条件下不稳定支撑面上的静态平衡控制尚未可知。目的：探讨轻度认知障碍老年人不同视觉输入条件下在软、硬支撑面上的静态平衡能力。方法：选择21名轻度认知障碍老年人和19名认知正常老年人为研究对象，使用Kistler三维测力台分别对其进行睁眼双脚硬支撑面站立、睁眼双脚软支撑面站立、闭眼双脚硬支撑面站立、闭眼双脚软支撑面站立4种测试，每次测试站立持续时间为30 s，采集2组人群不同视觉条件下在软、硬支撑面站立时的足底压力中心数据，并进行对比。结果与结论：(1)有视觉输入条件下，轻度认知障碍老年人在软、硬支撑面上足底压力中心的总摇摆路径(软支撑面：P=0.003)、内外总摇摆路径(软支撑面：P=0.001，硬支撑面：P <0.001)和95%椭圆置信面积(软支撑面：P=0.001，硬支撑面：P <0.001)显著高于认知正常老年人；(2)无视觉输入条件下，轻度认知障碍老年人在软支撑面上足底压力中心的均方根距离(P=0.014)、内外均方根距离(P=0...     

阿尔茨海默病患者平衡功能与认知功能的相关性

目的:了解与分析阿尔茨海默病(AD)患者平衡功能与认知功能的关系。方法:对80例AD患者,以Berg平衡量表(BBS)、蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)分别评定其平衡功能、认知功能;并按BBS评分,将AD患者区分为平衡功能障碍组、平衡功能受损组、平衡功能正常组后,进行比较性分析及相关性分析。结果:1平衡障碍组MoCA总分显著低于平衡受损组(d=1.51,P0.001)、平衡正常组(d=3.47,P0.001),平衡受损组又显著低于平衡正常组(d=1.98,P0.01)。平衡障碍组MoCA注意/计算力得分显著低于平衡正常组(d=0.63,P0.05);视空间/执行得分显著低于平衡受损组(d=0.54,P0.05)、平衡正常组(d=1.00,P0.001)。平衡受损组MoCA视空间/执行得分显著低于平衡正常组(d=0.51,P0.05);2BBS总分与MoCA总分(r=0.435,P0.001)、注意/计算力(r=0.226,P0.05)、视空间/执行(r=0.355,P0.01)正相关;BBS静态平衡分与MoCA总分(r=0.394,P0.001)、注意/计算力(r=0.223,P0.05)、视空间/执行(r=0.314,P0.01)正相关;BBS动态平衡分与MoCA总分(r=0.427,P0.001)、注意/计算力(r=0.255,P0.05)、视空间/执行(r=0.357,P0.01)、定向力评分(r=0.240,P0.05)正相关。结论:AD患者的平衡功能障碍与认知功能,特别是注意/计算力、视空间/执行能力的受损有关。     

老年人身体活动及久坐时间与静态平衡能力的相关性

目的 探究老年人和青年人身体活动、久坐行为和平衡能力的差异,以及不同强度身体活动水平和久坐行为与平衡能力的相关性。方法 选取74名老年人和60名青年人,采用三轴加速度计对其身体活动和久坐行为进行监测,并运用三维测力台对其静态平衡能力进行测量。结果 老年女性中高强度身体活动与静态平衡能力之间呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05),久坐时间与静态平衡能力呈显著负相关关系(P<0.05);老年男性久坐中断次数与静态平衡能力呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05)。结论 与青年人相比,老年人每日轻度身体活动水平更高,久坐时间更少。在老年人中,尤其是老年女性,拥有较高的中高强度身体活动水平者或较少久坐时间者静态平衡控制能力更好。身体活动对平衡能力控制存在一定积极作用。     

常用锻炼方式对老年女性静态平衡能力的影响

目的探讨长期从事太极拳、广场舞和健步走锻炼老年女性的静态平衡能力差异。方法选取128名健康老年女性为受试者,根据日常的主要健身项目分为太极拳组、广场舞组、健步走组和对照组;采用平衡测试仪分别测试闭眼双足站立和睁眼右足站立状态下的4个平衡指标值(摆动速度、摆动角度、外周面积和摆动总轨迹长),测试时间为10 s。结果在闭眼双足站立和睁眼右足站立两种状态下,太极拳组、广场舞组和健步走组各平衡指标值分别与对照组间的差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05);太极拳组与广场舞组相比,两组受试者在两种状态下的摆动速度、摆动总轨迹长以及睁眼右足站立下的外周面积具有统计学差异(P0.05);在两种状态下,太极拳组4个平衡指标值均显著低于健步走组(P0.05);广场舞组与健步走组比较,两组受试者在两种状态下的外周面积、摆动总轨迹长以及睁眼右足站立下的摆动速度具有统计学差异(P0.05)。结论长期从事太极拳、广场舞和健步走锻炼的老年女性的静态平衡能力要优于无锻炼者,且长期从事太极拳锻炼的老年女性的静态平衡能力要优于广场舞和健步走锻炼者,长期从事广场舞锻炼的老年女性的静态平衡能力要优于健步走锻炼者。     

足底压力训练在脑卒中偏瘫患者运动康复中的应用价值及其对步行功能、步态及平衡能力的影响

目的:探讨在脑卒中偏瘫患者运动康复时足底压力训练的应用价值.方法:选取2019年8月至2021年3月期间我科收治的107例脑卒中偏瘫患者作为研究对象,随机数字表法分为对照组(n=53)和观察组(n=54).对照组采取Bobath法、运动再学习为主的运动功能训练,观察组在对照组的基础上增加足底压力训练.对比两组患者步行能力、步态参数、平衡能力.结果:治疗后步行功能分级(Functional ambulation classification,FAC)、步频、步幅、步速、步长、起立行走计时测试(Timed up go test,TUG)、睁眼、闭眼静态平衡率高于对照组,步行周期、双支撑相明显低于对照组(P<0.05).结论:足底压力康复训练在脑卒中偏瘫患者运动康复中,可改善脑卒中偏瘫患者的平衡能力、步行能力及步态参数.     

静态拉伸与下肢肌力锻炼在老年平衡能力中的意义

背景：进入老龄化社会后,通过改善老年人的平衡能力来预防跌倒,减少骨折等意外伤害的发生已经受到了各方面的广泛重视。 目的：设计适合老年人的静态拉伸和下肢肌力相结合的运动方案并借以研究其对老年人平衡能力的影响。 方法：对28名符合入选标准的老年人进行为期3个月的静态拉伸和下肢肌力训练,3次/周,60 min/次。训练前后分别用PRO-KIN 平衡仪进行睁、闭眼双脚站立静态平衡能力评估;用闭目原地踏步和反复坐起测试进行动态平衡能力和下肢肌力的评估。对比分析前后两次测试结果。 结果与结论：在睁眼状态下,锻炼前后的压力中心的X轴平均坐标、运动椭圆面积差异均有非常显著性意义(P < 0.01);左右方向平均运动速度差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);闭目原地踏步测试脚触线时间和反复坐起时间均差异有非常显著性意义(P < 0.01)。结果表明,静态拉伸与下肢肌力锻炼相结合能够有效提高老年人的平衡能力,可作为预防老年人跌倒的有效锻炼方式。 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程     

Acute effects of moderate aerobic exercise on specific aspects of executive function in different age and fitness groups: A meta‐analysis

Whereas a wealth of studies have investigated acute effects of moderate aerobic exercise on executive function, the roles of age, fitness, and the component of executive function in this relationship still remain unclear. Therefore, the present meta‐analysis investigates exercise‐induced benefits on specific aspects of executive function in different age and aerobic fitness subgroups. Based on data from 40 experimental studies, a small effect of aerobic exercise on time‐dependent measures (g = .35) and accuracy (g = .22) in executive function tasks was confirmed. The results further suggest that preadolescent children (g = .54) and older adults (g = .67) compared to other age groups benefit more from aerobic exercise when reaction time is considered as dependent variable. In contrast to age, aerobic fitness and the executive function component had no influence on the obtained effect sizes. Consequently, high aerobic fitness is no prerequisite for temporary improvements of the executive control system, and low‐ as well as high‐fit individuals seem to benefit from exercise in a similar way. However, a higher sensitivity of executive function to acute aerobic exercise was found in individuals undergoing developmental changes. Therefore, preadolescent children and older adults in particular might strategically use a single aerobic exercise session to prepare for a situation demanding high executive control.     

Effects of exergames and cognitive-motor dual-task training on cognitive,physical and dual-task functions in cognitively healthy older adults: An overview

This overview aims to summarize the effectiveness of cognitive-motor dual-task and exergame interventions on cognitive, physical and dual-task functions in healthy older adults, as well as the feasibility, safety, adherence, transfer and retention of benefits of these interventions. We searched for systematic reviews or meta-analyses assessing the effects of cognitive-motor dual-task and exergame interventions on cognitive, physical and dual-task functions in cognitively healthy older adults through eight databases (CDSR (Cochrane), MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, ProQuest and SportDiscus). Two reviewers performed the selection, data extraction and risk of bias evaluation independently (PROSPERO ID: CRD42019143185). Eighteen reviews were included in this overview. Overall, positive effects of cognitive-motor dual-task interventions on cognitive, physical and dual-task functions, as well as exergames on cognitive functions only, were observed in cognitively healthy older adults. In contrast, the effects of exergames on physical functions are more controversial, and their effects on dual-task functions have not been studied. The feasibility, safety, adherence, transfer and retention of benefits for both intervention types are still unclear. Future studies should follow more rigorous methodological standards in order to improve the quality of evidence and provide guidelines for the use of cognitive-motor dual-task and exergame interventions in older adults.     

Editorial

This article describes the significance of Dance Mobility?, a new community dance programme that follows a New Zealand partnership research project, designed for older adults with diverse motor skill levels and dance experiences. The programme includes high-functioning older adults, some with sensory or balance impairments and others with Parkinson's disease. We discuss the benefits and challenges of facilitating a once-weekly dance practice model and the ways the programme affects individuals’ sensorial states of well-being and awareness. Somatic practices are introduced as integral to Dance Mobility? teaching methods and dance activities. We include observations and comparisons with dance embodiment theories, cross-disciplinary goals of gerontology and exercise science/rehabilitation research to debate benefits and limitations of dance for older adults, and adaptive methods of the Dance Mobility? approach. Somatic research is needed to build evidence-based conclusions that advance older adults’ feelings of well-being and safeguard their motivations to continue moving freely.     

Age and fitness effects on EEG, ERPs, visual sensitivity, and cognition

Measures of EEG, event-related potentials (ERPs), visual sensitivity, and cognition were obtained from 30 young (20-31 years) and 30 older (50-62 years) healthy men. Age groups were evenly divided between subjects with low and high fitness levels documented by VO2max during a maximal exercise test. Age comparisons revealed that, compared to young adults, the older men had reduced visual sensitivity, delayed ERP latencies, greater homogeneity of EEG activity across recording sites, more positive visual-evoked potential (VEP) amplitude-intensity (A/I) slope, and poorer performance on a battery of neurocognitive tests. The EEG and VEP A/I slope findings are believed to reflect weakened central inhibition for the older men. In general, the measures that differentiated groups on the basis of age were also sensitive to differences in aerobic fitness. Compared to low fit men, the physically active men had shorter ERP latencies, stronger central inhibition, better neurocognitive performance, and better visual sensitivity. We speculate the performance superiority of the physically active men was, at least in part, the result of more oxygen being available for cerebral metabolism.     

The effect of exercise on physical fitness and quality of life in postmenopausal women

OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to determine the effect of exercise on the physical fitness level and quality of life in postmenopausal women. 81 volunteer postmenopausal women who entered the menopause naturally and have been taking hormone replacement treatment (HRT) were divided randomly into two groups: exercise (n=41) and control (n=40). METHODS: Physical fitness tests and the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) were used to assess physical fitness and quality of life in both groups, both before and after 6 weeks. The study group participated in an exercise programme, which was composed of sub-maximal aerobic exercises for a 6-week period 3 times a week. The statistical analyses were done by paired samples t-test and independent samples t-test. RESULTS: At the end of 6 weeks exercise period, when the two groups were compared after the exercise period, we found statistically significant differences in strength, endurance, flexibility and balance parameters in the exercise group (P<0.05). There was also a statistically significant change in the exercise group for the NHP indicating an improvement in the quality of life (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, it was concluded that the fitness level and quality of life on postmenopausal women could be improved by a regular and controlled exercise programme of 6 weeks.     

Leukocyte telomere length is preserved with aging in endurance exercise-trained adults and related to maximal aerobic capacity

Telomere length (TL), a measure of replicative senescence, decreases with aging, but the factors involved are incompletely understood. To determine if age-associated reductions in TL are related to habitual endurance exercise and maximal aerobic exercise capacity (maximal oxygen consumption, VO₂max), we studied groups of young (18-32 years; n = 15, 7 male) and older (55-72 years; n = 15, 9 male) sedentary and young (n = 10, 7 male) and older (n = 17, 11 male) endurance exercise-trained healthy adults. Leukocyte TL (LTL) was shorter in the older (7059 ± 141 bp) vs. young (8407 ± 218) sedentary adults (P < 0.01). LTL of the older endurance-trained adults (7992 ± 169 bp) was ∼900 bp greater than their sedentary peers (P < 0.01) and was not significantly different (P = 0.12) from young exercise-trained adults (8579 ± 413). LTL was positively related to VO₂max as a result of a significant association in older adults (r = 0.44, P < 0.01). Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that VO₂max was the only independent predictor of LTL in the overall group. Our results indicate that LTL is preserved in healthy older adults who perform vigorous aerobic exercise and is positively related to maximal aerobic exercise capacity. This may represent a novel molecular mechanism underlying the “anti-aging” effects of maintaining high aerobic fitness.     

Nine months aerobic fitness induced changes on blood lipids and lipoproteins in untrained subjects versus controls

Regular endurance exercise has favorable effects on cardiovascular risk factors. However, the impact of an exercise-induced change in aerobic fitness on blood lipids is often inconsistent. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of nine consecutive months of training on aerobic fitness and blood lipids in untrained adults. Thirty subjects 35-55 years of age (wt: 73.1 +/- 13.6 kg, height 171.1 +/- 9.0 cm, %body fat 24.6 +/- 6.3%, 14 males and 16 females) were randomly assigned to an exercise (EG) (N = 20) and control (CG) (N = 10) group. All subjects completed an incremental treadmill test, anthropometric measurements, and venous blood sample collection before and after the 9 months of exercise. Participants in the exercise group were supervised and adjusted for improvements in running performance, whereas no change was administered for the control group. One-way and multivariate ANOVA was conducted to determine significant differences in means for time and group in selected variables [body mass, % body fat, BMI; VO(2peak), km/h at 2.0 (v-LA2) and 4.0 (v-LA4) mmol l(-1) blood lactate (LA) concentration, km/h of the last load (v-max); TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, TG, Apo B, Apo A-1, and Lp (a)]. Correlation coefficients and multivariate regression analysis was used to determine the association between aerobic fitness and blood lipids. The exercise group improved significantly (P < 0.0001) in VO(2peak), v-LA2, v-LA4, v-max and exhibited a significant decrease in Apo B (P < 0.04) compared to the control group (NS). In 9 months, E achieved 24% increase in VO(2peak) and 18% reduction in Apo B, denoting the impact of cardiovascular fitness on cardiovascular risk.     

舞动心理团体辅导对大学生社交焦虑的干预

目的:探讨以舞动心理为主的团体辅导对大学生社交焦虑的干预效果。方法:以上海某高校15名社交焦虑的大学生为舞动心理团体辅导组(实验组),15名同质学生作为对照组,对其社交焦虑进行舞动心理团体辅导干预。在实施舞动心理团体辅导前后采用社交焦虑量表(IAS),自尊量表(SES)进行测量并进行配对t检验。结果:在舞动心理团体辅导干预前,实验组与对照组量表得分对比显示,在社交焦虑量表维度上,实验组与对照组相比没有任何显著差异(P0.05);在自尊量表维度上,实验组与对照组相比也没有显著变化(P0.05);在为期8周的舞动心理团体辅导干预后,实验组与对照组量表得分相比显示,在社交焦虑量表维度上,实验组比对照组有显著降低(t=-2.412,P0.05);在自尊量表维度上,实验组比对照组没有显著变化(t=-1.434,P0.05)。结论:以舞动心理为主的团体辅导对大学生社交焦虑具有积极干预效果,对于大学生自尊没有影响。     

Correlates of functional fitness in older adults

Background: Self-efficacy has been shown to be both an antecedent and determinant of behaviors such as physical activity and may explain variance in the performance of functional tasks among older adults.Purpose: The objectives of the current study were: first, to identify potential latent factors of functional fitness (i.e., the ability to perform activities of daily living) among older adults; and second, to determine the extent to which self-efficacy contributed to the variance in functional fitness over and above other known correlates.Methods: Older adults (n = 190, M age = 69.4 years) completed a functional fitness test battery, maximal graded exercise test, and demographics and self-efficacy questionnaires.Results: Structural equation modeling supported two latent factors of functional fitness representing “Flexibility” and “Physical Power.” Further analyses indicated sex as the sole significant correlate of Flexibility. Greater Physical Power was associated with being male, younger, and having higher self-efficacy.Conclusions: These results support the role of self-efficacy as a correlate of performance on functional tasks. Targeting flexibility and physical power to improve functional fitness among older men and women, respectively, warrants examination. This study was funded by grants from the National Institute on Aging (#AG-12113, #AG-18008) and the Institute for the Study of Aging (#2000035).