玻璃体腔注射抗VEGF药物治疗早产儿视网膜病变的研究进展

早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)是发生于早产儿的一种未成熟视网膜血管增殖性眼病，是一种严重的儿童致盲性眼病。视网膜激光光凝术是治疗ROP的经典方法，然而激光治疗是破坏性的，尤其是在ROP Ⅰ区病变的情况下，视网膜激光光凝治疗会引起严重的并发症。研究表明，血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)在ROP发生及发展过程中具有关键作用，而玻璃体腔注射抗VEGF药物不仅能有效控制ROP，并且为视网膜继续发育争取了机会。本文就玻璃体腔内注射抗VEGF药物治疗ROP的治疗指征、药物筛选、注射部位、给药剂量、疗效观察以及并发症对其进行综述。     

玻璃体内注射贝伐单抗治疗早产儿视网膜病变的临床进展

血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)在早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)的发生过程中发挥重要作用.在ROP的新生血管增生阶段,应用抗VEGF类药物抑制VEGF可以阻断视网膜血管的异常增生.本文就抗VEGF类药物贝伐单抗(Avastin)单纯玻璃体内注射、玻璃体内注射联合视网膜光凝或玻璃体切除手术等不同方式治疗ROP的临床研究进行回顾,并就贝伐单抗治疗ROP的安全性评价进行汇总.     

玻璃体腔注射抗血管内皮生长因子药物治疗早产儿视网膜病变的研究现状

与冷冻及激光光凝治疗比较，玻璃体腔注射抗血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）药物治疗早产儿视网膜病变（ROP）可减少对视网膜解剖结构的破坏，促使周边视网膜继续血管化，降低视网膜脱离、视野缺损及高度近视的发生。在ROP 1区病变及屈光间质混浊等激光光凝难以施行的患眼中有其独特优势。选择合理的药物和剂量，掌握最佳治疗时间，注意避免局部并发症及全身安全性等方面的问题，对进一步提高玻璃体腔注射抗VEGF药物治疗ROP的应用水平具有重要意义。     

规范开展早产儿视网膜病变激光和抗血管内皮生长因子治疗

早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)是一类发生于早产、低出生体重儿的视网膜血管增生性疾病, 是婴幼儿最常见的致盲和致低视力眼病。视网膜激光光凝仍是目前ROP治疗的金标准。近年来, 玻璃体腔注射抗血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)药物的应用, 为临床治疗ROP提供了新方法。但其治疗指征和治疗方法的把控仍存在诸多不当和偏差, 导致抗VEGF药物在ROP治疗上的泛化和滥用现象。本文基于国内外ROP相关研究, 对治疗指征、治疗方法进行归纳和客观评价, 以期同道严控ROP治疗指征, 科学、严谨地选择恰当的治疗方法, 造福于患儿。     

抗VEGF药物玻璃体内注射治疗对早产儿视网膜病变神经系统发育的影响

早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)是以视网膜血管异常增生为主要病理特征的儿童致盲眼病。血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)是一种特异性刺激血管内皮细胞增生及新生血管形成的生长因子。早产儿视网膜局部缺血、缺氧环境促使眼内VEGF表达代偿性升高, 进而诱导视网膜血管病理性生长。玻璃体内注射抗VEGF药物可抑制眼内VEGF的生物活性, 从而延缓视网膜新生血管形成, 可有效治疗ROP。然而, ROP患者常伴有血-视网膜屏障损伤, 导致视网膜微环境稳态失衡, 抗VEGF药物易透过血-视网膜屏障及血-脑屏障进入全身血液循环, 可能导致ROP患儿神经系统发育异常。目前抗VEGF药物玻璃体内注射是否影响患儿神经系统发育仍是眼科研究的热点。本文就VEGF在ROP发病机制和神经发育中的作用以及抗VEGF药物玻璃体内注射对ROP患儿神经系统发育的影响进行综述, 以期为临床合理、安全应用抗VEGF药物提供依据。     

重视抗血管内皮生长因子药物对早产儿视网膜病变患儿神经发育的影响

早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)是引起儿童视力障碍的主要原因之一。随着人们对ROP发病机制研究的不断深入, 抗血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)药物及临床应用使ROP的治疗模式发生了转变, 因其治疗便捷、疗效明确的优势, 已成为ROP的一种重要治疗方法。由于ROP患儿存在各器官功能发育不全, 玻璃体腔注射抗VEGF药物可进入血液循环一过性地降低血液中VEGF水平, 理论上可能会对ROP患儿各器官(尤其大脑)发育造成不良影响。因此, 应重视抗VEGF药物对ROP患儿神经发育的影响, 严格把握其适应证, 规范其临床应用, 不断提高ROP的总体疗效。     

激光视网膜光凝与抗VEGF疗法治疗I型ROP后远期黄斑区形态比较及其对视力预后的影响

目的:评估和比较激光视网膜光凝与抗血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)玻璃体腔注射治疗早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)后患眼远期黄斑中心凹微血管形态特征、中心凹视网膜厚度(CFT)变化,探讨影响视力预后的因素。方法:采用队列研究方法,于2019年1月至2020年12月收集出生后因1型ROP曾在北京大学人民医院接受治疗的4~6岁ROP...     

抗VEGF药物玻璃体内注射治疗对早产儿视网膜病变神经系统发育的影响

早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)是以视网膜血管异常增生为主要病理特征的儿童致盲眼病。血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)是一种特异性刺激血管内皮细胞增生及新生血管形成的生长因子。早产儿视网膜局部缺血、缺氧环境促使眼内VEGF表达代偿性升高,进而诱导视网膜血管病理性生长。玻璃体内注射抗VEGF药物可抑制眼内VEGF的生物活性,从而延缓...     

早产儿视网膜病变治疗后黄斑发育研究现状及进展

早产儿视网膜病变（ROP）是一种增生性血管性视网膜疾病,冷冻治疗、激光光凝治疗、玻璃体腔注射抗血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）药物治疗、巩膜扣带手术和玻璃体切割手术等是其主要治疗手段。接受非手术治疗后的ROP患儿的黄斑中心凹厚度都相对增厚,中心凹形态和黄斑区视网膜血管发育受到影响,导致视力发育的异常。但目前有关ROP各种治...     

新生血管性青光眼联合治疗疗效分析

目的：观察抗血管内皮生长因子( vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)药物玻璃体腔内注射及全视网膜光凝( panretinal photocoagulation,PRP)后联合滤过手术治疗新生血管性青光眼的疗效。方法：对21例23眼患者中屈光介质透明者行抗 VEGF药物玻璃体腔内注射及PRP后新生血管消退后行复合式小梁切除术,屈光介质混浊患者行白内障或玻璃体切除术及全视网膜光凝联合复合式小梁切除术,随访3mo,对治疗前后眼压情况进行比较。结果：患者1例1眼视力提高显著,其余患者视力稳定或略有提高,所有患者虹膜新生血管均有不同程度消退。治疗前后眼压比较有统计学差异(P<0.01),所有患者均未出现术中术后严重并发症。结论：抗VEGF药物玻璃体腔内注射及PRP清除虹膜新生血管后联合滤过手术可以较快、较好地控制眼压,可有效治疗新生血管性青光眼。     

抗血管内皮生长因子玻璃体内注射治疗不同区域早产儿视网膜病变的疗效观察

目的 观察抗血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)治疗不同区域早产儿视网膜病变的临床效果.方法 回顾性分析2013年4月至2014年4月在郑州儿童医院行玻璃体内注射抗VEGF药物的早产儿视网膜病变患儿24例(46眼),分为Ⅰ区病变组15例(28眼),Ⅱ区病变组9例(18眼).所有患者均在全身麻醉下行玻璃体内注射抗VEGF药物雷珠单抗,对患儿术后眼底进展情况进行观察,分析两组首次注射治愈和进展情况以及并发症发生情况.结果 两组间的出生孕周、出生体质量相比,差异均无统计学意义(均为P ＞0.05);手术矫正孕周相比,差异有统计学意义(P=0.001).24例(46眼)中,首次注射治愈21眼,病情继续发展25眼,治愈率为45.65％,治疗到治愈的时间间隔为2～12个月.Ⅰ区病变组首次注射治愈9眼,治愈率为32.14％,进展率为67.86％;Ⅱ区病变18眼中12眼首次注射治愈,6眼病情继续进展,治愈率为66.67％,进展率为33.34％.两组首次注射治愈率相比,差异有统计学意义(x2=5.263,P=0.022),Ⅰ区病变的首次注射治愈率明显低于Ⅱ区病变.两组进展率相比,差异有统计学意义(x2=-2.269,P=0.023),Ⅰ区病变的进展率明显高于Ⅱ区病变.随访中未发现与玻璃体内注射有关的白内障、眼内炎、视网膜裂孔等出现,仅有2例出现角膜水肿,4例出现结膜下出血,均未做特殊处理自愈.结论 玻璃体内注射抗VEGF药物对于Ⅰ区、Ⅱ区病变均有效,Ⅰ区病变手术成功率低,再次手术的几率大,但可为再次手术创造时间和条件.     

Foveal structure changes in infants treated with anti-VEGF therapy or laser therapy guided by optical coherence tomography angiography for retinopathy of prematurity

AIM: To evaluate foveal vessel density(VD) and foveal thickness using optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA) in retinopathy of prematurity(ROP) children treated with laser photocoagulation or anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) injection. Additionally, we assessed the relationship between foveal microvascular anomalies and different therapies in ROP children.METHODS: This was a single-center, retrospective study of patients with a diagnosis of type 1 ROP. Twenty-three eyes(14 patients) treated with anti-VEGF injection and twentynine eyes(17 patients) treated with laser coagulation were included in this study. The foveal VD, inner thickness and full thickness were measured at the central 0°, 2° to 8°, and 8° of the retina(centered on the fovea) using OCTA and cross-sectional OCT, respectively.RESULTS: Foveal VD, inner thickness and full thickness were significantly smaller within the central 8° of the retina in ROP children treated with anti-VEGF injection than in those treated with laser photocoagulation(P=0.013, 0.009, 0.036, respectively). The full thickness was also smaller in the anti-VEGF group than in the laser group at the central 0° of the retina(P=0.010). The grade of foveal hypoplasia is lower in the anti-VEGF group than in the laser group(P=0.045). Multivariable analysis did not find any risk factors associated with visual acuity in our study.CONCLUSION: In children with type 1 ROP, the better structural development of fovea in those who were treated with anti-VEGF injection compared with laser photocoagulation are identified. However, visual acuity outcomes are similar 70 mo after the treatments.     

抗VEGF药物治疗早产儿视网膜病变的研究进展

早产儿视网膜病变(retinopathy of prematurity,ROP)是目前全世界儿童致盲的主要原因之一[1]。以往对于阈值期和高危阈值前期的ROP采用激光或冷凝治疗,因激光和冷凝术均是破坏性的,不可避免地导致周边视野永久丧失,且并发症较多,术后仍有部分患儿病情无法控制,最终视力完全丧失。因此需要寻找新的治疗方法,近年来有较多的临床数据表明,玻璃体内注射抗血管内皮生长因子(anti-vascular endothelial growth factor,anti-VEGF)治疗ROP是一种有效的治疗方法。我们将对抗VEGF药物在ROP治疗的研究进展进行近期的文献综述。     

Assessment and management of retinopathy of prematurity in the era of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)

The incidence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) continues to rise due to the improved survival of very low birth weight infants in developed countries. This epidemic is also fueled by increased survival of preterm babies with variable use of oxygen and a lack of ROP awareness and screening services in resource-limited regions. Improvements in technology and a basic understanding of the disease pathophysiology have changed the way we screen and manage ROP, educate providers and patients, and improve ROP awareness. Advancements in imaging techniques, expansion of telemedicine services, and the potential for artificial intelligence-assisted ROP screening programs have created opportunities to improve ROP care in areas with a shortage of ophthalmologists trained in ROP. To address the gap in provider knowledge regarding ROP, the Global Education Network for Retinopathy of Prematurity (GEN-ROP) created a web-based tele-education training module that can be used to educate all providers involved in ROP, including non-physician ROP screeners. Over the past 50 years, the treatment of severe ROP has evolved from limited treatment modalities to cryotherapy and laser photocoagulation. More recently, there has been growing evidence to support the use of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents for the treatment of severe ROP. However, VEGF is known to be important in organogenesis and microvascular maintenance, and given that intravitreal anti-VEGF treatment can result in systemic VEGF suppression over a period of at least 1–12 weeks, there are concerns regarding adverse effects and long-term ocular and systemic developmental consequences of anti-VEGF therapy.Future research in ophthalmology to address the growing burden of ROP should focus on cost-effective fundus imaging devices, implementation of artificial intelligence platforms, updated treatment algorithms with optimal use of anti-VEGF and careful investigation of its long-term effects, and surgical options in advanced ROP. Addressing these unmet needs will aid the global effort against the ROP epidemic and optimize our understanding and treatment of this blinding disease.     

抗VEGF药物治疗继发于病理性近视的脉络膜新生血管的新进展

继发于病理性近视的脉络膜新生血管(choroidal neovascularization,CNV)是造成不可逆中心视力丧失的常见原因,发病率高且严重影响患者的生活质量。传统治疗模式包括热激光光凝术、经瞳孔热疗法以及使用维替泊芬的光动力学疗法。但是,这些治疗方法的长期结果不容乐观。而玻璃体内注射抗VEGF的治疗能够比传统方式更有效地提高视力,减少中央视网膜厚度。因此,这些抗VEGF药物有可能成为治疗继发于病理性近视CNV的一线药物。本综述通过讨论近视CNV的发病机制,抗VEGF药物的分子结构和作用机制,比较抗VEGF药物对继发于病理性近视CNV的治疗功效和安全性。     

Adverse events and complications associated with intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF agents: a review of literature

Intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents is increasingly used for the treatment of a wide variety of retinal diseases, including age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy and retinal vascular occlusions, and retinopathy of prematurity. Despite encouraging results in halting the disease and improving the vision, intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF agents may be associated with systemic adverse events and devastating ocular complications. In this review, we provide an overview of safety data for intravitreal injection of common anti-VEGF agents.     

Treatment of retinopathy of prematurity:a review of conventional and promising new therapeutic options

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), a retinal vascular disease of premature infants, continues to be a major cause of preventable childhood blindness all over the world. The incidence of ROP varies among countries, being influenced by the quality of the level of neonatal intensive care. Here, we discuss the potential treatments that are now available or will soon or probably be available for ROP. Although ablation of the avascular retina with laser photocoagulation remains the current gold standard and well established therapy for ROP, some new therapeutic options including angiostatic therapies are being explored based on our knowledge of the pathophysiology of the ROP and complications and efficacy of laser treatment. However, prevention of the development of severe ROP and screening for ROP seem to be the best strategy in avoiding visual impairment caused by ROP in premature infants. New therapeutic interventions including vascular endothelial growth factor antibody administration, gene therapy and supplemental therapies should be supported with evidence-based data for the treatment of ROP.     

抗血管内皮生长因子药物治疗糖尿病视网膜病变的研究现状

糖尿病可引起眼内血管内皮生长因子（vascularendothelialgrowthfactor,VEGF）水平病理性升高,导致眼内新生血管形成、黄斑水肿的发生。抗VEGF药物最早被用于湿性年龄相关性黄斑变性,现也被试验性地用于糖尿病视网膜病变（diabeticretinopathy,DR）。VEGFl65选择性拮抗剂Pe—gaptanib与VEGF—A单抗Ranibizumab被批准玻璃体内注射,且对DR有较好的疗效;VEGF．A全长抗体Bevacizumab被标示外用于玻璃体内注射治疗DR,也能达到较好的效果;重组融合蛋白Aflibercept针对DR的疗效也得到一些试验的支持。玻璃体内注射抗VEGF药物治疗DR已被证实短期有效且安全,但其长期的疗效与安全性有待更多的大规模临床试验来验证。     

抗VEGF药物在视网膜血管性疾病围手术期的应用

血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）与新生血管性眼病密切相关,是有效的治疗靶点.抗VEGF药物能减少新生血管形成,降低血管通透性,为新生血管性眼病的治疗带来重大变革.目前雷珠单抗在国内已被批准用于湿性年龄相关性黄斑变性的治疗,在美国被批准用于糖尿病性黄斑水肿和视网膜静脉阻塞后黄斑水肿的治疗.抗VEGF药物也作为适应证外治疗药物用于其他新生血管性眼病的治疗,如增生性糖尿病视网膜病变、其他视网膜血管性疾病和新生血管性青光眼等.抗VEGF药物辅助手术治疗显示出明显的疗效,可减少术中、术后的并发症和疾病的复发率.就贝伐单抗和雷珠单抗等抗VEGF药物在视网膜血管性疾病围手术期的应用情况进行综述.