IH-1000全自动血型仪在交叉配血中的应用

目的:评价IH-1000全自动血型仪在交叉配血中的准确性。方法:采用IH-1000全自动血型仪对1 200例患者样本进行交叉配血,并与传统的抗人球蛋白配血法、聚凝胺配血法进行对照试验。结果:①100份抗体筛查阴性的标本,3种不同交叉配血方法的试验结果完全相符;②1 082份抗体筛查阴性的标本,交叉配血试验结果为:全自动血型仪法30例次侧不相容,抗人球蛋白试管法25例次侧不相容,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);③18份抗体筛查阳性标本,交叉配血试验结果为:全自动血型仪法18例不相容,聚凝胺法16例不相容,抗人球蛋白试管法17例不相容,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:IH-1000血型仪用于交叉配血检测,结果可靠,可永久保存,操作规范化、标准化,降低了人为错误的发生率。     

微柱凝胶法和凝聚胺法在尿毒症患者交叉配血中的应用分析

目的:探讨微柱凝胶法(MGT)和凝聚胺法(MPT)在尿毒症患者交叉配血中的应用价值.方法:采用MGT和MPT对需输血的56例尿毒症患者进行交叉配血试验.结果:在56例尿毒症患者258例次交叉配血中,MGT结果主侧凝集2例(0.8%),次侧凝集49例次(19.0%);MPT结果主侧凝集2例(0.8%),次侧凝集8例次(3.1%).其中MGT次侧凝集49例次做直接抗人球蛋白试验全部阳性.结论:尿毒症患者长期、多次输血后,存在抗体的不规则性,在MGT中,致敏RBC会导致配血困难,结合MPT进一步了解凝集的性质,提高输血的安全性.对MGT交叉配血次侧阳性采用MPT交叉配血有很好的互补性.     

mPEG-BTC修饰RhD( )红细胞在解决疑难输血问题上的探讨

目的采用mPEG-BTC (1.0 mmol/L,1 h)遮蔽红细胞表面的血型抗原,解决临床配血困难病例的输血问题.方法收集了15例临床配血困难及含高效价抗体的血清,用mPEG-BTC修饰供体红细胞,再将mPEG-BTC修饰后的红细胞与疑难配血患者的血清混合,用聚凝胺和抗人球蛋白方法检测.结果疑难配血病例的血清与未经mPEG-BTC修饰的RBC混合,聚凝胺法和抗人球蛋白法均有不同程度的凝集;而与mPEG- BTC修饰后RBC混合,采用聚凝胺法和抗人球蛋白法显微镜下多视野均未见凝集.结论在体外实验中,经mPEG-BTC修饰红细胞后,不再与临床配血困难病例血清中的抗体发生反应,为解决临床配血的困难奠定了基础.     

多次输血致配血不合1例报告

患者男,70岁,汉族,患慢性淋巴细胞性白血病3a,曾于2008年7月在我院治疗,查血型为AB型,盐水、凝聚胺配血时主侧、次侧均相合,未见凝集现象,输注同型红细胞悬液3个单位。2009年11月入院再次申请输注红细胞悬液3个单位,行交叉配血时发现聚凝胺法和抗人球法均出现主侧凝集,导致配血不合。该患者血型鉴定为AB型,     

盐水介质法与凝聚胺法交叉配血试验的比较评价

目的交叉配血试验是确保安全输血比不可少的比较评价盐水介质法与凝聚胺法交叉配血试验。方法对本组1564例交叉配血,进行两种试验方法比较。结果1564例交叉配血试验中,有11例在滴入凝聚胺溶液后,两侧红细胞不凝集,4例为血液透析病人。另7例为红细胞悬液太浓,加样量过大;有2例受血者主侧发生凝集,血清中含凝集素,另1例有微小凝集,该病人有自凝现象。结论认为凝聚胺法交叉配血试验准确、稳定、操作简便、省时,值得临床推广。     

交叉配血不合常见原因分析及处理

目的:分析常见的临床交叉配血不合的原因及解决方法。方法:对所有临床送检的交叉配血不合样本进行常规ABO及RhD血型鉴定,样本红细胞作直接抗人球蛋白试验,血清进行抗体筛选试验及抗体鉴定试验,需要时进行吸收放散试验,在盐水、凝聚胺、抗人球蛋白3种不同介质下进行交叉配血试验。结果:共收集交叉配血不合样本276例,其中恶性肿瘤156例,血液病31例,多发性骨髓瘤25例,自身免疫性溶血性贫血64例,其中男167例,女109例。患者血清中检出抗体以冷凝集和IgG性质抗体为主。IgG抗体分类则以Rh系统为主。结论:即使ABO及RhD同型输注,也可能出现交叉配血不合的情况,应根据不同的病因来分析影响配血不合的因素,寻找相应的试验策略,确保血液安全输注。     

5种不规则抗体筛查方法的检测阈值比较

目的:了解各种不规则抗体筛查方法的检测阈值,以避免不规则抗体漏检而引起输血不良反应。方法:选取献血者不规则抗体筛查阳性样本3例和配血不合疑难样本9例,采用盐水法、酶介质法、凝聚胺法、抗人球蛋白法、微柱凝胶法平行检测,比较5种方法的检测阈值。结果:盐水法只能检出IgM类的不规则抗体;木瓜酶法在检测IgG抗体效价时敏感性略低,而且有漏检的可能;凝聚胺法检测结果不易判断;抗人球蛋白法操作较繁琐;微柱凝胶法对IgG类抗体检测效价较高,高于凝聚胺法和抗人球蛋白法。结论:微柱凝胶法操作简单,检出率较高,是值得推广的不规则抗体筛查方法。     

mPEG-BTC修饰RhD（＋）红细胞在解决疑难输血问题上的探讨

目的：采用mPEG-BTC（1．0mmol／L．1h）遮蔽红细胞表面的血型抗原．解决临床配血困难病例的输血问题。方法：收集了15例临床配血困难及含高效价抗体的血清，用mPEG-BTC修饰供体红细胞，再将mPEG-BTC修饰后的红细胞与疑难配血患者的血清混合，用聚凝胺和抗人球蛋白方法检测。结果：疑难配血病例的血清与未经mPEG-BTC修饰的RBC混合，聚凝胺法和抗人球蛋白法均有不同程度的凝集；而与mPEG-BTC修饰后RBC混合，采用聚凝姣法和抗人球蛋白法显微镜下多视野均未见凝集：结论：在体外实验中，经mPEG-BTC修饰红细胞后，不再与临床配血困难病例血清中的抗体发生反应，为解决临床配血的困难奠定了基础。     

筛选细胞剂量效应造成抗-M抗体漏检引起的思考

目的:通过对1例M抗原杂合子筛选细胞造成不规则抗体筛查假阴性病例的思考，指导不规则抗体筛选细胞、交叉配血方法的选择和手术备血流程的注意事项。方法:分别选择筛选细胞A、B用微柱凝胶法对同一样本进行不规则抗体筛查；分别用微柱凝胶法和聚凝胺法对同一组样本进行交叉配血。结果:应用筛选细胞A的不规则抗体筛查结果为阴性，筛选细胞B的不规则抗体筛查为阳性，北京市红十字血液中心抗体鉴定结果为抗-M抗体，说明筛选细胞A检测结果为假阴性。微柱凝胶法交叉配血不合，聚凝胺法交叉配血相合。结论:筛选细胞中存在杂合子会造成不规则抗体筛查假阴性，因此在选择筛选细胞时尽量选择抗原多且纯合子的筛选细胞；在抗体效价较低时聚凝胺法检测结果可能出现假阴性，所以有妊娠史和输血史的患者配血时应尽量选择敏感性较好的微柱凝胶法来检测。     

凝聚胺法与微柱凝胶法交叉配血阳性结果分析

目的:分析凝聚胺法与微柱凝胶法交叉配血的阳性结果,为临床疑难配血提供参考。方法:选取1 350例临床受血者样本,分别采用凝聚胺法和微柱凝胶法进行交叉配血,统计并分析交叉配血结果。结果:1 350例交叉配血中凝聚胺法有13例不相合(0.96%),微柱凝胶法有41例不相合(3.04%),两者比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),排除64例新生儿样本后,1 286例交叉配血中凝聚胺法有12例不相合(0.93%),微柱凝胶法有18例不相合(1.40%),两者比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。2种方法中由于受血者不规则抗体筛查阳性引起的不相合分别有10例、14例(P0.05),由于受血者为新生儿引起的不相合分别有1例、23例(P0.05),由于供血者直接抗人球蛋白试验阳性引起的不相合均为2例((P0.05),由于肉眼难判断的微弱凝集引起的不相合分别有0例、2例。结论:凝聚胺法交叉配血耗时短成本低、操作简洁,准确度高,适用于抢救时的输血;微柱凝胶法交叉配血适用于新生儿、不规则抗体筛查阳性患者等疑难配血结果的输血、非紧急输血、批量用血等情况。     

Augmented histamine test,ewald test meal,and diagnex test

Summary and conclusions The augmented histamine test, the Ewald test meal, and the Diagnex tests have been compared in a series of 130 patients. The results indicate that although the results of these tests follow the same trend in a group of patients, no one test can be used to predict satisfactorily the results of the other two tests in the majority of individual patients.Although the Ewald test is as informative as the augmented histamine test in supporting a clinical diagnosis of duodenal ulcer, the latter shows most clearly the wide variations in the degree of hypersecretion in different patients with duodenal ulcer and is the most reliable test for establishing the presence of achlorhydria. The augmented histamine test is virtually free of any serious side effects and, furthermore, provides a reliable index of the parietal-cell mass. The augmented histamine test would thus appear to be of particular value as a guide to the nature and extent of surgery necessary for the satisfactory reduction of acid secretion in patients with peptic ulcer.Our findings support the claims made by previous workers regarding the value of the Diagnex test in the screening of large numbers of patients for achlorhydria or marked hypochlorhydria. Apart from its usefulness as an initial screening test in cancer detection programs, the test has a limited place in excluding a diagnosis of pericious anemia or duodenal ulcer.We wish to record our deep obligation to E. R. Squibb and Sons, New York, for supplies of Diagnex Blue and Diagnex reagent, and to Merck Sharp and Dohme, West Point, Pa. for supplies of Neo-Antergan maleate.     

Spirometry: quantitative test criteria and test acceptability

Quantitative test criteria have been developed to assess the acceptability of spirometric tracings. Most automated spirometers have been programmed with the criteria in order to assist in data collection. These instruments compare computed parameters from the collected tracings with the criteria and, after 3 acceptable FVC maneuvers have been collected, print out a statement indicating that "tests meet acceptability criteria." Technicians, nurses, and even their medical supervisors are beginning to rely on these statements as assuring overall test quality. However, a review of actual curves indicates that unacceptable results can be obtained from tests that comply with these standards. Although quantitative test criteria are a positive step toward quality assurance, they should be treated as they were developed, as "minimum" criteria. All curves should be inspected for visible defects, especially if the results are used to follow subjects longitudinally.     

Pancreolauryl test

The sensitivity and specificity of the pancreolauryl test was evaluated in comparison with the NBT-PABA test, the estimation of fecal chymotrypsin and fat, and the secretin-pancreozymin test in 168 patients with and without pancreatic disease. The overall sensitivity rate was as follows: pancreolauryl test 90%, NBT-PABA test 86%, fecal chymotrypsin 66%. In patients with pancreatic steatorrhea the sensitivity of the pancreolauryl test was 100%, the NBT-PABA test 97%, and the fecal chymotrypsin estimation 92%. The specificity of these tests was: pancreolauryl test 97.6%, fecal chymotrypsin 87%, and NBT-PABA test 81.8%. The pancreolauryl test may be recommended as a noninvasive easy-to-perform tubeless pancreatic function test with a sufficiently high sensitivity and specificity.