MRI全景矩阵成像技术在全身骨转移瘤诊断中的价值

目的 探讨全景矩阵成像(TIM)技术对全身骨转移瘤的诊断价值.资料与方法 对25例恶性肿瘤患者采用单光子发射计算机断层显像(SPECT)进行全身骨扫描与TIM技术全身MRI扫描,对两种检查方法进行评价比较.结果 25例中,MRI-TIM及SPECT共检出23例63个病灶,其中恶性54个、良性9个,TIM正确诊断50个转移瘤病灶,敏感度为93%(50/54),特异度为67%(6/9),阳性预测值为94%(50/53),阴性预测值为60%(6/10).SPECT正确诊断47个病灶,敏感度为87%(47/54),特异度为56%(5/9),阳性预测值为92%(47/51),阴性预测值为42%(5/12).两种检查方法的敏感度与特异度之间的差异均无统计学意义(P值分别为0.077和0.643).全身MRI的诊断准确率为89%(56/63),SPECT的诊断准确率为83%(52/63),两者之间的差异有统计学意义(P=0.000).结论 SPECT与TIM能有效地检出全身骨转移癌灶,但TIM对骨髓病变有较高的空间分辨率,比SPECT的诊断正确率更高.     

大范围扩散加权成像与骨扫描对照评价前列腺癌骨转移的前瞻性研究

目的 评价大范围(从头顶到小腿)MR DWI在前列腺痈骨转移瘤检测中的应用.方法 搜集接受前列腺MR检查的166例连续患者,所有患者均行前列腺局部扫描及大范围DWI.其中49例在1个月内接受骨扫描检查和大范围DWI并行双盲法诊断.以常规T1WI和压脂T2WI为标准,确定骨转移瘤的存在及其位置.49例均为MRI和核素检查后获得前列腺的穿刺病理结果.大范围DWI与骨扫描对骨转移瘤诊断的敏感度、特异度、受试者操作特征曲线(ROC曲线)下面积应用McNemar检验进行比较.转移瘤患者中有5例有>10处/例的全身多发骨转移,在以病灶为单位研究时不纳入计算.结果 49例中10例有骨转移瘤,而DWI和核素骨扫描分别诊断15和17例有骨转移瘤,大范围DWI和核素骨扫描诊断骨转移瘤的敏感度均为100%(10/10),特异性分别为87.2%(34/39)和82.1%(32/39),ROC曲线下面积分别为0.936和0.910.44例患者中2种技术共显示68处异常信号和(或)放射浓聚灶,有20处被证实为骨转移瘤,而DWI显示其中23处为骨转移瘤,核素骨扫描显示其中34处为骨转移瘤.以病灶为单位(68处)计算大范围DWI和核素骨扫描诊断骨转移瘤灶的敏感度均为90.0%(18/20),特异度分别为89.6%(43/48)和66.7%(32/48),ROC曲线下面积分别为0.898和0.783,大范围DWI的特异度高于骨扫描(P<0.01),ROC曲线下面积也高于核素骨扫描(P<0.05).结论 大范围DWI可用于前列腺癌骨转移瘤的检查,特异度和准确度高于骨扫描.     

CT征象分析对原发性腹膜后肿瘤鉴别诊断的价值

_目的：探讨特定 CT 征象对原发性腹膜后肿瘤（简称腹膜后肿瘤）鉴别诊断的价值。方法：回顾性分析经手术病理证实的79例腹膜后肿瘤的 MSCT 资料,确定对良恶性肿瘤鉴别有价值的征象,探讨生长方式、内部结构特点及增强表现对特定类型肿瘤的诊断价值。结果：67例（84．8％）定位诊断正确。32例（76．2％,32/42）良性肿瘤及35例（94．6％,35/37）恶性肿瘤定性诊断正确,提示恶性肿瘤有价值的征象包括病灶体积较大、浸润性生长、中重度强化、坏死、囊变及钙化。匍匐状生长对诊断淋巴管瘤及神经源性肿瘤的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值（PPV）及阴性预测值（NPV）分别为75．0％、98．4％、92．3％、93．9％。脂肪密度对诊断脂肪肉瘤与畸胎瘤的敏感度、特异度、PPV 及 NPV 分别为85．0％、98．3％、94．4％、95．1％。水样密度对诊断淋巴管瘤与畸胎瘤的敏感度、特异度、PPV 及 NPV 分别为80．0％、93．2％、80．0％、93．2％。囊肿样表现对诊断淋巴管囊肿的敏感度、特异度、PPV 及 NPV 分别为100％、98．6％、90．0％、100％。钙化对诊断神经源性肿瘤及畸胎瘤的敏感度、特异度、PPV 及 NPV 分别为51．2％、87．5％、80．0％、64．8％。强化程度接近血管对诊断副神经节瘤的敏感度、特异度、PPV 及 NPV 分别为77．8％、98．6％、87．5％、97．2％。结论：CT 征象分析有助于腹膜后良恶性肿瘤的鉴别及特定肿瘤的诊断。     

xSPECT/CT在小儿神经母细胞瘤骨转移诊断中的应用价值

目的 探讨xSPECT/CT断层骨显像在小儿神经母细胞瘤骨转移诊断中的应用价值。方法 回顾性分析经病理证实的108例神经母细胞瘤患儿的全身骨显像、xSPECT/CT及SPECT/CT断层骨显像资料,比较xSPECT/CT断层骨显像与SPECT/CT断层骨显像两种不同图像对神经母细胞瘤骨转移诊断的敏感度、特异度、准确率、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、核医学医师的诊断信心及图像质量。结果 xSPECT/CT断层骨显像对小儿神经母细胞瘤骨转移诊断的敏感度、特异度、准确率、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为95.24%、95.56%、95.37%、96.77%、93.48%;SPECT/CT断层骨显像的敏感度、特异度、准确率、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为84.13%、95.56%、88.89%、96.36%、81.13%,且xSPECT/CT断层骨显像能提高核医学医师的诊断信心及图像质量,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 xSPECT/CT能提高图像质量,同时提升核医学医师对骨转移的诊断信心和诊断质量,从而早期诊断患儿骨转移情况,进一步改善患儿预后。     

多模态MRI分级影像报告对前列腺外周带癌的诊断价值初探

目的：探讨多模态MRI分级影像报告对前列腺外周带癌的诊断价值。方法：44例经病理证实的前列腺疾病患者,其中前列腺癌21例,前列腺增生23例,术前行MRI （FS-T₂WI、DWI及DCE-MRI）检查;将MRI分级诊断结果与病理结果进行一致性检验,分析多模态MRI对前列腺癌的诊断价值。结果：MRI分级诊断标准对前列腺疾病的诊断敏感度、特异度、准确率、阳性预测值、阴性预测值可达100.0%、82.6%、93.2%、87.5%及100.0%;与病理结果的一致性检验Kappa值为0.864。结论：MRI分级诊断标准对前列腺外周带癌具有较高的诊断价值。     

MRI对锥切术后残余宫颈的评估价值

目的 探讨MRI表观扩散系数（ADC）和时间-信号强度曲线（TIC）对锥切术后残余宫颈的评估价值。方法 回顾性收集因宫颈病变行宫颈锥切术及子宫切除术的50例病人的影像和病理资料,病人均行T1WI、T2WI、扩散加权成像（DWI）和动态增强MRI检查。将病灶根据病理结果分为残留癌灶和阴性切缘,测量残留癌灶和阴性切缘的ADC值并分析TIC类型。以手术病理结果为金标准,计算MRI对残余宫颈癌灶的诊断敏感度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值和阴性预测值。采用t检验和Fisher确切概率检验比较残留癌灶和阴性切缘间ADC值和TIC类型的差异。结果 残留癌灶MRI表现为稍低T1、稍高T2信号,DWI上表现为高信号,扩散受限,动态增强扫描早期强化明显,延迟期强化程度低于正常宫颈,TIC均呈快进快出型（Ⅲ型）。阴性切缘MRI表现为等T1、等或稍高T2信号,DWI上表现为等或稍高信号,扩散不受限,动态增强扫描表现为持续性明显强化,TIC主要呈流入型（Ⅰ型）。21例病人宫颈切缘残留癌灶,29例呈阴性切缘。MRI对残留癌灶诊断敏感度较低（19.0%）,特异度较高（93.1%）,准确度62.0%,阳性预测值66.7...     

前列腺癌骨转移的临床诊断:MRI与同位素骨扫描的比较

目的比较盆腔MRI和全身骨扫描对前列腺癌骨转移的临床诊断效能。方法收集183例前列腺疾病患者的资料,包括盆腔MRI和全身骨扫描检查结果。根据临床综合诊断结果,将所有患者分为骨转移组和非骨转移组。对获得的资料进行统计学分析。结果①183例患者中,37例确诊临床骨转移,146例无临床骨转移。37例骨转移患者的转移灶位置,5例位于盆腔内,3例位于盆腔外,29例位于盆腔内外。②盆腔MRI检查诊断24例骨转移,均经临床综合评价确诊为骨转移(100%,24/24)。全身骨扫描诊断27例骨转移,96.4%(27/28)经临床综合评价确诊为骨转移。其它骨转移的确诊均经临床综合诊断。③将盆腔MRI和同位素骨扫描的结果进行比较,盆腔MRI检查未见明确骨转移灶的患者共159例,其中仅有4例患者(4/159,2.52%)全身骨扫描可明确诊断骨转移。④评价2种影像检查方法对全身骨转移的预测和诊断效果,盆腔MRI对全身骨转移预测的敏感性、特异性和准确性分别为78.38%、87.0%和85.25%;全身骨扫描对骨转移的诊断敏感性、特异性和准确性分别为94.59%、62.33%和68.85%。MRI的特异性和准确性高于同位素骨扫描(χ2=23.458,P=0.000;χ2=13.906,P=0.000),同位素骨扫描的敏感性高于MRI(χ2=4.163,P=0.041)。结论盆腔MRI也可用作前列腺癌全身骨转移的诊断。当盆腔MRI检查未见骨转移灶时,发生全身骨转移的机会较低。     

腰椎间盘突出症神经根受压磁共振脊髓造影诊断价值

目的探讨磁共振脊髓造影(MRM)在腰椎间盘突出症(PLID)神经根受压中的诊断价值。资料与方法连续观察行MRI检查的52例有单个神经根受压症状和体征的PLID患者,分别用MRI和MRM诊断责任病变椎间盘,评价二者与临床诊断的一致性及诊断准确性。结果 MRI诊断结果与临床诊断一致性差(Kappa=0.36),MRM诊断结果与临床诊断一致性好(Kappa=0.85)。以临床定位诊断作为标准,MRM诊断神经根受压的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和准确度分别为92.3%、98.1%、96.0%、96.2%、96.2%,而MRI诊断神经根受压的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和准确度分别为82.7%、79.8%、67.2%、90.2%、80.8%。MRM诊断神经根受压的特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和准确度均明显高于MRI(χ2=26.23,P<0.05);敏感度高于MRI,但二者差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.68,P>0.05)。结论 MRM在PLID患者责任病变椎间盘的确认和排除上优于MRI,是常规MRI检查的有益补充。     

血管瘤型脑膜瘤与颅内孤立性纤维瘤的MRI征象分析

目的 评估MRI图像上的“光芒征”和“蛇形征”在鉴别血管瘤型脑膜瘤(AM)与颅内孤立性纤维瘤(SFT)的诊断价值。方法 回顾性分析经病理证实的24例AM及21例颅内SFT患者资料。评估常规MRI图像上肿瘤内血管的走行模式。采用Fisher精确检验对两组间“光芒征”和“蛇形征”存在的差异进行统计学分析。结果 在17例(70.8%)AM中发现“光芒征”,而在2例(8.3%)中观察到“蛇形征”。21例SFT患者中,共17例(81.0%)发现“蛇形征”,而并未观察到“光芒征”。两组肿瘤内血管形态差异显著(P<0.001)。“光芒征”诊断AM的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值(PPV)和阴性预测值(NPV)分别为71%、100%、100%和75%。“蛇形征”诊断SFT的敏感度、特异度、PPV和NPV分别为81%、92%、89%和85%。结论 “光芒征”为AM较为特异的MRI征象,而“蛇形征”为SFT的典型影像学征象。     

缺血修饰白蛋白在急性冠脉综合症早期诊断的临床应用

目的：探讨缺血修饰白蛋白诊断急性冠脉综合征的价值。方法：测定37例ACS患者（实验组）和80例体检者（健康对照组）血清IMA浓度。建立IMA诊断ACS的ROC曲线,计算敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值。结果：健康对照组与ACS组间血清IMA浓度有显著差异,差异有统计学意义。IMA诊断ACS的曲线下面积（AZ）为0.866（95%CI 0.791-0.941）,P〈0.001。cut-off值取80.0 U/mL时,灵敏度和特异度分别为81.1%%和72.2%,阳性预测值PPV和阴性预测值NPV分别为61.0%%和89.0%。结论：缺血修饰白蛋白诊断ACS具有高灵敏度和高阴性预测值的特点;可能在早期诊断心肌缺血及辅助排除ACS上具有较大的价值。     

Diagnostic performance of <Superscript>18</Superscript>F-FDG PET/CT and whole-body diffusion-weighted imaging with background body suppression (DWIBS) in detection of lymph node and bone metastases from pediatric neuroblastoma

Objective

Recent many studies have shown that whole body “diffusion-weighted imaging with background body signal suppression” (DWIBS) seems a beneficial tool having higher tumor detection sensitivity without ionizing radiation exposure for pediatric tumors. In this study, we evaluated the diagnostic performance of whole body DWIBS and ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT for detecting lymph node and bone metastases in pediatric patients with neuroblastoma.

Methods

Subjects in this retrospective study comprised 13 consecutive pediatric patients with neuroblastoma (7 males, 6 females; mean age, 2.9?±?2.0 years old) who underwent both ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT and whole-body DWIBS. All patients were diagnosed as neuroblastoma on the basis of pathological findings. Eight regions of lymph nodes and 17 segments of skeletons in all patients were evaluated. The images of ¹²³I-MIBG scintigraphy/SPECT-CT, bone scintigraphy/SPECT, and CT were used to confirm the presence of lymph node and bone metastases. Two radiologists trained in nuclear medicine evaluated independently the uptake of lesions in ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT and the signal-intensity of lesions in whole-body DWIBS visually. Interobserver difference was overcome through discussion to reach a consensus. The sensitivities, specificities, and overall accuracies of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT and whole-body DWIBS were compared using McNemer’s test. Positive predictive values (PPVs) and negative predictive values (NPVs) of both modalities were compared using Fisher’s exact test.

Results

The total numbers of lymph node regions and bone segments which were confirmed to have metastasis in the total 13 patients were 19 and 75, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, overall accuracy, PPV, and NPV of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT for detecting lymph node metastasis from pediatric neuroblastoma were 100, 98.7, 98.9, 95.0, and 100%, respectively, and those for detecting bone metastasis were 90.7, 73.1, 80.3, 70.1, and 91.9%, respectively. In contrast, the sensitivity, specificity, overall accuracy, PPV, and NPV of whole-body DWIBS for detecting bone metastasis from pediatric neuroblastoma were 94.7, 24.0, 53.0, 46.4 and 86.7%, respectively, whereas those for detecting lymph node metastasis were 94.7, 85.3, 87.2, 62.1, and 98.5%, respectively. The low specificity, overall accuracy, and PPV of whole-body DWIBS for detecting bone metastasis were due to a high incidence of false-positive findings (82/108, 75.9%). The specificity, overall accuracy, and PPV of whole-body DWIBS for detecting lymph node metastasis were also significantly lower than those of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT for detecting lymph node metastasis, although the difference between these 2 modalities was less than that for detecting bone metastasis.

Conclusion

The specificity, overall accuracy, and PPV of whole-body DWIBS are significantly lower than those of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT because of a high incidence of false-positive findings particularly for detecting bone metastasis, whereas whole-body DWIBS shows a similar level of sensitivities for detecting lymph node and bone metastases to those of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT. DWIBS should be carefully used for cancer staging in children because of its high incidence of false-positive findings in skeletons.

     

核素骨显像与MRI检测脊柱转移瘤的对比研究

目的：比较核素骨显像与MRI对脊柱转移瘤的诊断价值。方法；对76例经病理证实为恶性肿瘤的患者进行骨显像与MRI检查，比较骨显像与MRI对脊柱部位病变的检查情况。结果：骨显像、MRI对脊柱转移瘤的阳性病例及阳性病灶数的检出率拉近，阳性病例检出率为68／81和61／81，阳性病灶检出率为167／536和156／536。二者我椎转移为好发段，MRI对胸椎病灶的检出率优于骨显像，检出率分别为83／237和64／237；二者对腰椎的检出率无差别，骨显像对颈椎、骶椎的检出率优于MRI（颈椎分别为15／63和6／63，骶椎分别为23／78和10／78）。对多发病灶的检出MRI优于骨显像，检出率分别为143／237和116／237。结论：在显示脊柱肿瘤骨转移方面，总体的敏感性二者接近，在具体部位二者各有优势，在多发病灶上MRI优于骨，骨显像因其简单易行，仍为肿瘤患者病情初始评价的选择，在其对临床问题解释不够充分时，则应采用MRI作为补充。     

Value of contrast-enhanced sonographic micro flow imaging for prostate cancer detection with t-PSA level of 4-10ng/mL

Objectives

To compare the efficiency of contrast-enhanced ultrasonographic micro flow imaging (MFI) with conventional transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) in detecting prostate cancer with serum total prostate-specific antigen (t-PSA) of 4.0–10.0 ng/mL. To evaluate the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasonographic MFI in detecting prostate cancer with t-PSA in diagnostic gray zone.

Methods

47 patients with t-PSA 4.0–10.0 ng/mL underwent gray scale, power Doppler TRUS and MFI examinations before ultrasound guided biopsies. Biopsies were performed at twelve sites in the base, the mid-gland and the apex of the prostate in each patient, when there was no abnormal ultrasound finding. When an abnormality was present at MFI, the biopsy specimen from the corresponding site was directed toward the abnormal finding. With histological results of prostate biopsy as reference standards, we assessed the cancer detection of these three methods.

Results

564 specimens were collected in this study, in which 101 were prostate cancer confirmed histologically. 152 of 564 specimens were demonstrated abnormal on MFI images, in which 71 were malignant and 81 were benign confirmed histologically. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) for MFI in detecting prostate caner were 70.3%, 82.5%, 80.3%, 46.7% and 92.7%, respectively. The sensitivity and NPV for MFI were significantly better than gray scale (38.6%, 86.9%) and power Doppler (32.7%, 86.0%) (P < 0.001) TRUS.

Conclusions

Contrast-enhanced ultrasonographic MFI could significantly improve the detection rate of prostate cancer with t-PSA in diagnostic gray zone (4–10 ng/mL) than conventional ultrasound.     

Accuracy of High-Resolution MRI with Lumen Distention in Rectal Cancer Staging and Circumferential Margin Involvement Prediction

Objective

To evaluate the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with lumen distention for rectal cancer staging and circumferential resection margin (CRM) involvement prediction.

Materials and Methods

Seventy-three patients with primary rectal cancer underwent high-resolution MRI with a phased-array coil performed using 60-80 mL room air rectal distention, 1-3 weeks before surgery. MRI results were compared to postoperative histopathological findings. The overall MRI T staging accuracy was calculated. CRM involvement prediction and the N staging, the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were assessed for each T stage. The agreement between MRI and histological results was assessed using weighted-kappa statistics.

Results

The overall MRI accuracy for T staging was 93.6% (k = 0.85). The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV for each T stage were as follows: 91.8%, 86.2%, 95.5%, 92.6% and 91.3% for the group ≤ T2; 90.4%, 94.6%, 86.1%, 87.5% and 94% for T3; 98,6%, 85.7%, 100%, 100% and 98.5% for T4, respectively. The predictive CRM accuracy was 94.5% (k = 0.86); the sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV were 89.5%, 96.3%, 89.5%, and 96.3% respectively. The N staging accuracy was 68.49% (k = 0.4).

Conclusion

MRI performed with rectal lumen distention has proved to be an effective technique both for rectal cancer staging and involved CRM predicting.     

Local staging of rectal cancer using combined pelvic phased-array and endorectal coil MRI

PURPOSE: To assess the accuracy of MRI, using a pelvic phased-array coil and an endorectal coil, for preoperative local staging of rectal cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-one patients (26 males and 25 females) with adenocarcinoma of the rectum underwent preoperative MRI and surgical resection of their tumors. Surgical pathology staging was compared to MRI staging (using the TNM classification) obtained both retrospectively by a reader blinded to surgical findings and prospectively (radiological reports). In addition, patients were stratified according to surgical treatment groups (stage I = T1-2/N0, stage II = T3/N0, stage III = Tx/N1-2). RESULTS: At pathology, 36 of 51 (68%) tumors were classified as T0-T2, and 15 (32%) were classified as T3. Overall, the sensitivity and specificity of MRI readings for T3 staging were 93% and 86%, respectively (positive predictive value (PPV) = 74%, negative predictive value (NPV) = 97%, accuracy = 88%). MRI correctly predicted lymph node metastases in 11 of 13 patients with a sensitivity of 85% and specificity of 69% (PPV = 58%, NPV = 90%, accuracy = 74%). MRI correctly predicted surgical treatment groups in 33 of 39 (85%) patients. Interobserver agreement between the retrospective and prospective readings was excellent (kappa = 0.85) for prediction of T3 tumor and good (kappa = 0.80) for prediction of nodal involvement. CONCLUSION: Combined endorectal and pelvic phased-array coil MRI can be used reliably to select which patients should receive preoperative chemoradiotherapy. It is highly predictive in terms of excluding T3 tumors, but still has limitations in predicting lymph node metastasis.     

Comparison of FDG PET/CT and MRI in lymph node staging of endometrial cancer

Objective

Endometrial cancer is the most frequent cancer occurring in the female genital tract in the Western countries. Because surgical staging is currently the standard, noninvasive techniques that accurately identify lymph node (LN) metastases would be beneficial by reducing costs and complications. The purpose of our study is to compare the diagnostic accuracy of 2-[¹⁸F]fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (¹⁸F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with that of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for detecting LN metastases in the preoperative staging of endometrial cancer.

Methods

Two hundred eighty-seven consecutive patients with endometrial cancer underwent preoperative PET/CT and MRI for staging. The malignancy criteria for LNs were a short diameter of 1 cm or more by MRI and focally increased ¹⁸F-FDG uptake by PET/CT. After evaluating PET/CT and MRI separately, morphologic and functional image findings were compared with the histological findings regarding LN metastasis for all patients. PET/CT and MRI images were classified on the basis of histological findings as true-positive, true-negative, false-positive, or false-negative. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy were calculated.

Results

Histologic examination revealed LN metastases in 51 patients (17.8 %). The maximal standardized uptake values (SUVmax) of the primary lesions by PET/CT ranged from 1.4 to 37.7, with a mean value of 9.3, whereas those of the metastatic LNs ranged from 2.0 to 22.5 with a mean of 7.3. On a per-patient basis, node staging resulted in sensitivities of 70.0 % with ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT and 34.0 % with MRI, and specificities of 95.4 % with PET/CT and 95.0 % with MRI. The NPV of PET/CT was 94.3 %, and that of MRI was 87.2 %. On a lesion base analysis, sensitivity of PET/CT was 79.4 % while that of MRI was 51.6 %. In detecting distant metastasis, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV, and NPV of PET/CT were 92.9, 98.9, 98.6, 81.3, and 99.6 %, respectively.

Conclusion

Diagnostic performance of FDG PET/CT was better than MRI for detecting metastatic lymph nodes in patients with endometrial cancer both by patient basis and lesion basis analyses. Due to high NPV, FDG PET-CT could aid in selecting candidates for lymphadenectomy.

     

The role of 18F-fluoride PET-CT in the detection of bone metastases in patients with breast, lung and prostate carcinoma: a comparison with FDG PET/CT and 99mTc-MDP bone scan

Objectives

We aimed to compare the role of ¹⁸F-fluoride PET/CT, FDG PET/CT and ^99mTc-MDP bone scans in the detection of bone metastases in patients with lung, breast and prostate carcinoma.

Methods

This was a prospective study including patients for staging (S) and restaging (R). Seventy-two patients (23S, 49R) with infiltrating ductal breast carcinoma, 49 patients (25S, 24R) with prostate adenocarcinoma and 30 patients (17S, 13R) with non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), without known bone metastases but with high risk/clinical suspicion for the same, underwent a ^99mTc-MDP bone scan, FDG PET/CT and ¹⁸F-fluoride PET/CT within 2 weeks. All scans were reviewed by two experienced nuclear medicine physicians, and the findings were correlated with MRI/thin-slice CT/skeletal survey. Histological verification was done wherever feasible.

Results

Sensitivity and negative predictive value (NPV) of ¹⁸F-fluoride PET/CT was 100 % in all three malignancies, while that of FDG PET/CT was 79 % and 73 % in NSCLC, 73 % and 80 % in breast cancer and 72 and 65 % in prostate cancer. Specificity and positive predictive value (PPV) of FDG PET/CT were 100 % in NSCLC and prostate and 97 % and 96 % in breast cancer. As compared to the ^99mTc-MDP bone scan, all parameters were superior for ¹⁸F-fluoride PET/CT in prostate and breast cancer, but sensitivity and NPV were equal in NSCLC. The MDP bone scan had superior sensitivity and NPV compared to FDG PET/CT but had low specificity and PPV.

Conclusion

To rule out bone metastases in cases where there is a high index of suspicion, ¹⁸F-fluoride PET/CT is the most reliable investigation. ¹⁸F-fluoride PET/CT has the potential to replace the ^99mTc-MDP bone scan for the detection of bone metastases.     

The iliac wing sign: an indicator of the presence of bone and/or soft-tissue injury of the pelvis and hips

Purpose

To prospectively evaluate the feasibility of using the “iliac wing sign (IWS)” as an indicator of bone and/or soft-tissue injury of the pelvis and hips on magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. IWS means edema of the iliacus muscle attachment entering the iliac wing that is visualized as a linear high signal intensity on fat-suppressed T2-weighted MR images.

Methods

Consecutive 106 patients who complained of hip pain were enrolled in this study. We evaluated the correlation between IWS and bone and/or soft-tissue injury of the pelvis and hips using Fisher's exact test. Further, performance parameters of sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, the positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of IWS were calculated.

Results

Thirty-eight of the 106 (36%) patients had bone and/or soft-tissue injury. Twenty-seven of these 38 (71%) patients with injury showed a positive IWS, while only 11 of 68 (16%) patients without injury showed a positive IWS (p < .0001). IWS, thus, yielded a sensitivity of 71%, specificity of 84%, accuracy of 79%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 71%, and negative predictive value (NPV) of 84%.

Conclusion

In cases with a positive IWS, the careful interpretation of MR images is needed because injury presence is highly likely, as suggested by the relatively high sensitivity and PPV. IWS absence may mean a low probability of injury because of the high specificity and NPV.     

Role of magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging ([1H]MRSI) and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) in identifying prostate cancer foci in patients with negative biopsy and high levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA)

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) in detecting tumour foci in patients with elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and negative transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS)-guided biopsy.

Materials and methods

This prospective randomised trial was conducted on 150 patients who underwent [¹H]MRSI and DCE-MRI and targeted biopsies of suspicious areas on MRI associated with random biopsies.

Results

After the second biopsy, the diagnosis of prostate adenocarcinoma was made in 64/150 cases. On a perpatient basis, MRSI had 82.8% sensitivity, 91.8% specificity, 88.3% positive predictive value (PPV), 87.8% negative predictive value (NPV) and 85.7% diagnostic accuracy. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy for DCE-MRI was 76.5%, 89.5%, 84.5%, 83.7% and 82%, respectively. The combination of MRSI and DCE-MRI yielded 93.7% sensitivity, 90.7% specificity, 88.2% PPV, 95.1% NPV and 90.9% accuracy in detecting prostate carcinoma.

Conclusions

The combined study with [1H]MRSI and DCE-MRI showed promising results in guiding the biopsy of cancer foci in patients with an initial negative TRUS-guided biopsy.