鼻式间歇正压通气用于早产儿RDS机械通气拔管的meta分析

目的比较鼻式间歇正压通气（nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation,NIPPV）和鼻式持续气道正压通气（nasal continuous positive airway pressure,NCPAP）用于新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征（respiratory distress syndrome,RDS）机械通气后预防拔管失败的效果。方法计算机检索Cochrane图书馆数据库、PubMed数据库、EBASE数据库、Ovid数据库和Springer数据库、中国期刊全文数据库、万方数据库和维普中文科技期刊数据库,获得有关NIIPPV与NCPAP治疗RDS的随机对照临床试验（RCT）文献,检索2012年12月以前的文献,对检索到的文献进行质量评价,纳入的文献采用RevMan5.1软件进行荟萃分析。结果6篇RCT文献进入Meta分析,结果显示NIIPPV组脱机成功率高于NCPAP组（OR值为0.19,95%可信区间0.07~0.52,P=0.001）。NIIPPV组早产儿脑损伤（IVH+PVL）发病率小于NCPAP组（OR为0.46,95%可信区间0.22~0.97,P=0.04）。NIIPPV组和NCPAP组BPD发生率（OR=0.65,95%CI0.40~1.06）、ROP发生率（OR=0.83,95％CI0.16~4.42）、鼻部损伤发生率（OR=0.86,95％CI0.40~1.83）、胃肠道疾病并发症发生率（OR=0.72,95％CI0.45~1.16）差异均无统计学意义。结论 NIPPV可减少早产儿RDS机械通气后拔管失败率,安全有效。     

Parenteral nutrition with fish oil-based lipid emulsion reduces the risk of cholestasis in preterm infants

ObjectivePreterm infants receive long-term parenteral nutrition (PN) for gastrointestinal immaturity. This study aimed to determine if mixed lipid emulsions containing fish oil decrease the incidence of PN-associated cholestasis by reducing oxidative stress and providing an anti-inflammatory effect.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study enrolled 399 very low birth weight premature infants (gestational age ≤32 weeks) between January 2009 and November 2017 at a single neonatal intensive care unit. Preterm infants received total PN with either mixed lipid emulsion including fish oil (SMOFlipid®, n = 195) or soybean oil-based lipid emulsion (Lipovenoes®, n = 204) for at least 7 days. We compared the outcomes of PN-associated cholestasis, comorbidities, and mortality between the groups.ResultsThe incidence of PN-associated cholestasis was significantly lower in the SMOFlipid group than in the Lipovenoes group. The duration to full feeding days was significantly shorter in the SMOFlipid group compared with the Lipovenoes group. Relevant complications, such as severe retinopathy of prematurity and bronchopulmonary dysplasia, were also significantly reduced in the SMOFlipid group compared with the Lipovenoes group.ConclusionIn premature infants, PN with fish oil-based lipid emulsions is associated with a lower incidence of PN-associated cholestasis compared with soybean oil-based lipid emulsions.     

经鼻持续气道正压通气联合肺表面活性物质治疗新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征

目的 探讨经鼻持续气道正压通气联合肺表面活性物质治疗新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征的效果.方法 <32周的早产儿合并新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征早产儿33例随机分入2组进行对照研究:应用肺表面活性物质后立即拔管继以经鼻持续气道正压通气(S-N组)16例和应用肺表面活性物质后接受机械通气治疗(S-M组)17例.比较2组主要终点和次要终点是否需要机械通气及通气时间,以及其他相关临床特征.结果 生后7 d时,S-N组有1例(6.25%)接受机械通气,S-M组有8例(47.00%)仍不能脱离呼吸机.S-M组与S-N组相比较,用氧时间[(11.4±4.6)d与(7.0±1.9)d]、经鼻持续气道正压通气时间[(6.5±2.9)d与(3.5±2.3)d)]、机械通气时间[(5.9±3.3)d与(2.2±1.2)d]、重症监护室住院时间[(29.9±8.0)d与(21.7±10.1)d]、再次使用肺表面活性物质的概率[(12.5%,2/16)与(53.0%,9/17)],S-M组均显著高于S-N组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05).结论 应用肺表面活性物质后立即继以经鼻持续气道正压通气有利于新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征的治疗.     

Effect of high-flow nasal cannula therapy on thirst sensation and dry mouth after extubation: A single-centre prospective cohort study

ObjectivesLittle is known regarding the association between the type of oxygen therapy and thirst sensation after extubation. This study aimed to assess the effect of post-extubation high-flow nasal cannula on thirst.Research methodology/design and settingThis single-centre prospective cohort study included 100 ventilated patients. After extubation, patients received either high-flow nasal cannula (n = 19) or conventional oxygen therapy (n = 81). Thirst intensity was evaluated by a self-reporting numeric rating scale, and dry mouth was defined objectively using an oral moisture checking device.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was thirst intensity 24 hours post-extubation. Secondary outcomes were thirst intensity at 4 hours post-extubation and prevalence of dry mouth at 4 hours and 24 hours post-extubation.ResultsAt 24 hours post-extubation, the median (interquartile range) thirst intensity was 5 (1, 7) in the high-flow nasal cannula group and 5 (4, 6) in the conventional oxygen group. After adjustment, high-flow nasal cannula therapy was significantly associated with lower thirst intensity (adjusted odds ratio, 0.14; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.04–0.49; P = 0.002). At 4 hours post-extubation, high-flow nasal cannula was also associated with lower thirst intensity (adjusted odds ratio, 0.19; 95 % CI, 0.06–0.60; P = 0.005). The number of patients with dry mouth was not significantly different between the two groups (high-flow vs conventional oxygen therapy, 42.1 % vs 30.9 % [4 hours after extubation]; 47.4 % vs 34.6 % [24 hours after extubation]).ConclusionsHigh-flow nasal cannula therapy was associated with lower thirst intensity than conventional oxygen therapy following extubation. However, there was no significant difference in the prevalence of dry mouth.     

Prognostic factors of severe pneumonia in patients treated with rituximab in the intensive care unit

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of patients treated with rituximab (RTX) who developed severe pneumonia in the intensive care unit (ICU).MethodsWe systematically reviewed the medical records of 40 patients who received RTX and developed severe pneumonia in the ICU at our hospital from January 2009 to January 2019 to evaluate the underlying conditions, clinical course, and possible prognostic factors.ResultsMost patients had underlying hematologic malignancies (n = 21, 52.5%), followed by rheumatologic diseases (n = 17, 42.5%). The most frequent causative pathogens were fungi (n = 11, 27.5%), followed by bacteria (n = 9, 22.5%) and Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (n = 8, 20%). Thirty patients (75%) died, and the other 10 patients (25%) survived. Compared with survivors, patients who died were significantly older (60.6 ± 10.6 vs 44.4 ± 18.3 years) and had chronic lung disease (40% vs 0%).ConclusionOlder age and chronic lung disease were significantly associated with mortality in patients treated with RTX.     

School performance in children at the time of new-onset seizures and at long-term follow-up: A retrospective cohort study

ObjectiveSchool-performance difficulties (SPD) are common in children with epilepsy. The objectives of this study were to determine if the rate of SPD in children with seizures change from seizure-onset to follow-up and differ from children with psychiatric disorders.MethodsSchool-aged children who required an initial electroencephalography (EEG) test in 2016 were reviewed and separated into two groups based on the presence or absence of seizures. Developmental delay and SPD were compared between groups at initial assessment and SPD was assessed after 2–4 years of follow-up. Analysis was also performed on a sub-set of patients with psychiatric disorders.ResultsAt baseline, the rate of SPD was similar between the seizure (n = 146) and non-seizure (n = 332) groups [26% vs. 27%]. At follow-up, the seizure (n = 119) group had a significantly higher rate of SPD than the non-seizure (n = 215) group (54% vs. 43%). There was no difference in the rate of SPD between the seizure (n = 119) and psychiatric (n = 69) groups at baseline (31% vs. 43%) or follow-up (54% vs. 55%).ConclusionOver time, children with recurrent seizures experience more SPD than children without seizures, but similar SPD to children with psychiatric disorders.     

One-stop hybrid surgery for treatment of complex Stanford type B aortic dissection

ObjectivesTo compare the efficacy and prognosis of one-stop hybrid surgery using the elephant trunk procedure for treatment of complex Stanford type B aortic dissection.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed patients who underwent surgical treatment from January 2014 to July 2019. The patients were divided into those who underwent the elephant trunk procedure (n = 10) and those who underwent one-stop hybrid surgery (n = 10). The cardiopulmonary bypass time, mechanical ventilation time, length of hospital stay, and red blood cell usage were compared between the two groups. All patients’ 3-month postoperative aortic computed tomography angiography (CTA) findings were also reviewed.ResultsThe cardiopulmonary bypass time, mechanical ventilation time, and length of hospital stay were significantly shorter and red blood cell usage was significantly lower in the one-stop hybridization group. The aortic cross-clamp time was not significantly different between the two groups. Aortic CTA review after hybrid surgery showed that the true lumen of the descending aorta was almost completely restored at 3 months.ConclusionOne-stop hybrid surgery effectively alleviated the occlusion of the aortic dissection, prevented the need for additional surgery, and expanded the indications for covered-stent endovascular repair.     

Comparative assessment of health-related quality of life with and without anticonvulsant therapy in patients with childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes

ObjectiveTo estimate anti-seizure medication (ASM) treatment burden and its effects on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in new-onset childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (CECTS) using different treatment approaches in Kazakhstan.MethodsForty-three patients were followed prospectively during 2015 to 2020 for at least 2 years. Patients were divided into three groups: (1) history of ≤3 seizures (n = 32); (2) ≥4 seizures (n = 6); (3) cerebral palsy coexisting with CECTS (n = 5). The first group was subdivided into treated (n = 8) and observed (n = 24) subgroups. The shortened Quality of Life in Childhood Epilepsy Questionnaire (QOLCE-55) was completed by parents after 6 months of follow-up.ResultsAt the end of the study, all children had a sustained remission from seizures for at least 2 years. Differences were identified in emotional, social, and physical subscales between patients in the low seizure frequency group. Signs of low self-esteem, anxiety, depression, limited social interaction owing to pharmacotherapy, painful medical procedures, and stigma were reasons for decreased HRQOL in the treated subgroup. Overall HRQOL in treated (89.2 ± 5.2) patients was significantly decreased compared with observed children with low seizure frequency (98.0 ± 3.0).ConclusionASM therapy does not necessarily improve and may decrease HRQOL in children with low seizure frequency CECTS.     

Protective action of the ginsenoside Rh3 in a rat myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury model by inhibition of apoptosis induced via p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase/caspase-3 signaling

ObjectiveTo investigate the protective effects of the ginsenoside Rh3 on rats subjected to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MIR) via its impact on caspase-3 and the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway.MethodsFifteen male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly categorized into the MIR group (MY group, n = 5), sham surgery group (SS group, n = 5), and ginsenoside Rh3 group (GR group, n = 5).ResultsThe MY group exhibited the largest myocardial infarctions compared with the GR and SS groups. The GR group exhibited significantly higher cell viability of cardiomyocytes and significantly decreased apoptosis compared with the MY group. Fibrils of infarcted tissue in the GR group were disordered but less swollen, with a more organized fibril orientation than those in the MY group. The GR group showed reduced p-p38 MAPK protein and caspase-3 mRNA expression levels compared with the MY and SS groups.ConclusionsRh3 significantly improved myocardial necrosis and caspase-3 levels in myocardial tissues by suppressing the p38 MAPK pathway, thereby inhibiting caspase-3 involvement in apoptosis. Thus, Rh3 was effective in inhibiting the escalated apoptotic pathway in myocardial infarction and can potentially serve as a useful therapeutic agent to rescue myocardial infarction.     

Effect of sequential eradication therapy on serum osteoprotegerin levels in patients with Helicobacter pylori infection and co-existing inflammatory bowel disease

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of sequential Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy on serum osteoprotegerin levels in patients with H. pylori infection and co-existing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).MethodsThree groups of patients were involved in this observational cross-sectional study: IBD (n = 83), H. pylori infection (HP, n = 68), and H. pylori infection with co-existing IBD (HP + IBD, n = 52). These groups were compared with a normal control group (NC, n = 50). Serum osteoprotegerin, serum bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP), and fecal calprotectin (FC) levels were measured.ResultsSerum osteoprotegerin levels were significantly correlated with the simple endoscopic score for Crohn’s disease and Mayo score for ulcerative colitis. The receiver operating characteristic analysis of osteoprotegerin revealed high values for the area under the curve, sensitivity, and specificity. Discriminant analysis illustrated that osteoprotegerin levels significantly differentiated patients with IBD from healthy controls. Osteoprotegerin and FC levels distinguished the IBD and HP + IBD groups from the NC and HP groups.ConclusionsSequential eradication therapy did not affect serum osteoprotegerin levels in patients with H. pylori infection and co-existing IBD. Serum osteoprotegerin elevation might be a marker for IBD development in patients with past or current H. pylori infection.     

Addition of low-dose sufentanil to ropivacaine for reducing shivering and visceral traction pain during cesarean section

ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy of low-dose sufentanil for preventing shivering and visceral traction pain during cesarean section under spinal anesthesia.MethodsThis was a prospective, randomized, controlled study. A total of 112 full-term parturients who underwent elective caesarean delivery were randomly divided into two groups. Group R received 0.75% isobaric ropivacaine intrathecally and group RS received 0.75% isobaric ropivacaine plus 5 µg sufentanil intrathecally.ResultsThere were no significant differences in the maximum sensory block time, motor block time, duration of the surgery, and heart rate, mean arterial pressure, and blood oxygen saturation before and 1, 5, and 10 minutes after spinal anesthesia, and at the end of the surgery between the two groups. Shivering was significantly more common in group R (n = 30) than in group RS (n = 8). The incidence of visceral traction pain in group R (46.43%) was significantly higher than that in group RS (14.29%). There was no significant difference in the newborns’ Apgar scores between the groups.ConclusionAdding low-dose sufentanil to ropivacaine can significantly reduce the incidence of shivering and visceral traction pain after spinal anesthesia.     

鼻塞与鼻罩在无创通气治疗早产儿呼吸窘迫综合征中的效果

目的：了解鼻塞与鼻罩在无创通气治疗早产儿呼吸窘迫综合征（ RDS ）中的特点。方法选取2012年8月-2013年6月收治的符合入选标准的RDS早产儿，按照随机数字表法将患儿分为鼻塞组（48例）与鼻罩组（45例）。鼻塞组的无创通气连接界面选用短的双鼻塞，鼻罩组选用鼻罩。根据经皮血氧饱和度或血气分析调整FiO2等参数，记录各种参数及不良反应的发生率。结果鼻塞组无创正压通气后12～24 h血气分析的pH值为（7．32±0．06），PaCO2值为（48．2±9．0） mmHg，正压通气24 h时FiO2值为（0．39±0．08），腹胀3例，平均无创通气时间（54．1±16．8）h，无创通气失败12例；鼻罩组分别为（7．31±0．07），（47．2±10．2）mmHg，（0．38±0．08），5例，（54．8±13．6）h，9例，两组比较差异均无统计学意义（t/χ2值分别为0．169，0．484，0．464，0．217，-0．226，0．332；P＞0．05）。鼻塞组总脱落次数89次，总漏气次数352次，低于鼻罩组的48，489次，差异有统计学意义（χ2值分别为8．898，44．644；P＜0．05）。两组局部皮肤损伤发生率比较，差异无统计学意义（χ2＝0．009，P＞0．05），但皮肤损伤部位明显不同：鼻塞组皮肤损伤部位绝大部分在鼻中隔的内侧和鼻小柱，鼻罩组皮肤损伤部位绝大部分在鼻中隔与人中连接处及眉间。结论鼻塞较鼻罩更容易脱落，鼻罩比鼻塞更容易漏气，但这两种连接界面对无创通气时间及无创通气失败率等并无明显的影响。鼻塞和鼻罩导致鼻部损伤的发生率及程度基本相似，但损伤部位明显不同。     

Effects of nicorandil on systemic inflammation and oxidative stress induced by percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with coronary heart disease

ObjectiveThe present study investigated the effects of a bolus intracoronary injection of nicorandil on systemic inflammation and oxidative stress induced by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD).MethodsPatients undergoing coronary angiography (CAG) were enrolled into the CAG group (n = 30). Patients undergoing PCI were randomly divided into the PCI (n = 30) and PCI + nicorandil groups (n = 30).ResultsBlood taken from patients in the placebo group 24 hours after PCI exhibited significant increases in the expression of inflammatory indicators and mild increases in the expression of anti-inflammatory indicators. The intracoronary injection of nicorandil reversed the elevation of inflammatory indicators and significantly increased the levels of anti-inflammatory indicators in the blood of patients with PCI. Blood taken from patients in the placebo group 24 hours after PCI also displayed significant decreased superoxide dismutase levels and increased malondialdehyde levels. Nicorandil treatment reversed these changes of oxidative stress marker levels.ConclusionsThese results indicated the possible medical application of intracoronary injections of nicorandil for reducing systemic inflammation and oxidative stress in the peripheral blood of patients undergoing PCI.     

喘息性支气管炎患儿雾化吸入同步持续气道正压通气的效果观察

目的 探讨更适用于持续气道正压通气（NCPAP）治疗的雾化吸药方法。方法选取90例持续气道正压通气治疗的喘息性支气管炎患儿，观察组45例采用无创鼻塞持续气道正压通气与雾化吸药同步进行，对照组45例采用常规的雾化吸药（雾化时停止持续气道正压通气）。比较两组治疗前、后患儿血气分析变化、总通气时间和鼻黏膜损伤、雾化过程中发生呼吸困难的例数。结果观察组治疗后血气分析中PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2的改善较对照组更明显（P〈0．01），且观察组的平均持续气道正压通气时间、呼吸困难例数比对照组少（P〈0．01）；两组发生鼻黏膜损伤例数的差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论雾化同步持续气道正压通气的方法能明显提高PaO2和降低PaCO2，更适用于持续气道正压通气治疗的喘息性支气管炎患儿。     

Does the FT3-to-FT4 ratio easily predict the progression of NAFLD and NASH cirrhosis?

BackgroundFactors causing progression from nonalcoholic fatty liver to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and liver cirrhosis remain relatively unknown. We aimed to evaluate the power and effectiveness of the free triiodothyronine (FT3)-to-free thyroxine (FT4) ratio to predict non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)/liver fibrosis and NASH cirrhosis severity.MethodsPatients (n = 436) with NASH-associated liver cirrhosis (n = 68), patients with liver biopsy-proven NAFLD (n = 226), or healthy participants (n = 142) were enrolled between January 2010 and January 2020. The aspartate aminotransferase-to-thrombocyte ratio (APRI), NAFLD fibrosis score, albumin–bilirubin score (ALBI), aspartate aminotransferase (AST)-to-alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ratio, FT3-to-FT4 ratio, and Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) were calculated and evaluated.ResultsAll parameters were significantly higher in NASH cirrhosis than in the healthy group. Body mass index, ALT, fasting insulin, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, and triglyceride levels were significantly higher in liver biopsy-proven NAFLD than in the healthy group. The APRI, NAFLD fibrosis score, ALBI, AST-to-ALT ratio, FT3-to-FT4 ratio, and FIB-4 were significantly higher in the NASH cirrhosis group than in the healthy group. In patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD, the FT3-to-FT4 ratio was significantly lower than in the healthy group.ConclusionThe FT3-to-FT4 ratio is an effective and useful indicator to predict NAFLD/liver fibrosis and NASH cirrhosis severity.     

Vesselplasty versus vertebroplasty in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures with posterior wall rupture

ObjectiveThis study was performed to compare the effectiveness and safety of vesselplasty versus vertebroplasty in the treatment of osteoporotic compression fractures with posterior wall rupture.MethodsPatients who underwent treatment of a single osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture with posterior wall rupture from January 2016 to February 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. They were divided into a vesselplasty group (n = 17) and a vertebroplasty group (n = 43). Pain relief, radiographic outcomes, and bone cement leakage were compared between the two groups.ResultsThere were no significant differences in the operation time, postoperative pain relief, vertebral compression recovery, or local Cobb angle improvement between the two groups. However, the overall bone cement leakage rate (29.4% vs. 67.4%) and spinal canal leakage rate (0.0% vs. 30.2%) were significantly lower in the vesselplasty group than vertebroplasty group.ConclusionsVesselplasty offers similar pain relief and vertebral compression recovery but lower spinal canal leakage compared with vertebroplasty. Vesselplasty is thus a better option than vertebroplasty for patients with osteoporotic compression fractures with posterior wall rupture.     

Non-invasive modalities of positive pressure ventilation improve the outcome of acute exacerbations in COLD patients

Objective 1) To compare the clinical usefulness of both non-invasive pressure support ventilation (NPSV) and non-invasive intermittent positive pressure ventilation in assist-control (A/C) mode (NIPPV) in chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD) patients with acute hypercapnic respiratory failure: 2) to compare retrospectively the usefulness of non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NMV) with standard medical therapy alone.Design Prospective randomized retrospective study.Setting 2 Respiratory intermediate intensive units.Patients 29 COLD patients (age: 62±8 years) with chronic respiratory failure were hospitalized in a department for rehabilitation during acute relapses of their disease. They were transferred to our intermediate intensive care unit (IICU) and submitted randomly to either NPSV (16 patients) or NIPPV (13 patients).Measurements and results Blood gas analysis, dynamic flows, clinical variables, success rate, time of ventilation, side effects and subjective score of compliance to therapy. Therapy was considered successful when endotracheal intubation was avoided and patients were returned to their condition prior to exacerbation. No statistically significant difference was found between NPSV and NIPPV in success rate (NPSV 87.5%; NIPPV 57%) or in time of ventilation (NPSV: 69±49; NIPPV: 57±49 h). A better compliance to non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NMV) was found in NPSV patients than in NIPPV patients; side effects were observed less frequently in the NPSV group. Comparison of the success rate of NMV was retrospectively performed with 35 control COLD patients with chronic respiratory insufficiency who had undergone an acute relapse of their disease in the 2 years preceding the institution of the IICU and had been treated with oxygen and medical therapy alone. Patients submitted to NMV showed a greater success rate than control (82 versus 54%) after a period of ventilation ranging from 4–216 h.Conclusion Non-invasive mechanical ventilation performed either by NPSV or NIPPV may improve the outcome of acute exacerbations of COLD, as compared to medical therapy alone. NPSV seems to be more acceptable to patients in comparison with NIPPV.     

Pathogen distribution and risk factors for urinary tract infection in infants and young children with retained double-J catheters

ObjectivesTo investigate the pathogens and potential risk factors for urinary tract infection (UTI) in patients with retained double-J catheters (DJCs).MethodsIn total, 107 infants and young children with DJCs were included in this retrospective analysis. Patients were included in the infection group (n = 30) or non-infection group (n = 77), according to UTI presence or absence. The species and characteristics of pathogens were investigated, and the clinical features of the patients were recorded for further analysis.ResultsGram-negative bacilli were the most common causative pathogens (69.2%), among which Escherichia coli was most frequent (38.5%). The second most common causative pathogens were Gram-positive cocci (28.2%), among which Enterococcus faecalis was most frequent (10.3%). UTIs among patients in this study were associated with the following factors: catheter retention (long-term) (odds ratio [OR] = 2.514, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.176–5.373), sex (male) (OR = 2.966, 95% CI = 1.032–8.529), DJC retention (long-term) (OR = 1.869, 95% CI = 1.194–2.926), and DJC number (unilateral) (OR = 0.309, 95% CI = 0.103–0.922).ConclusionsInfants and young children with DJCs were likely to experience UTIs, mainly caused by Gram-negative bacilli. Long-term catheter retention or DJC retention, male sex, and bilateral DJC retention were risk factors for UTI.     

肺表面活性物质联合鼻塞式持续气道正压通气治疗新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征的临床分析

目的评价鼻塞式持续气道正压通气（NCPAP）联合肺表面活性物质（猪肺磷脂注射液，固尔苏）对新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征（NRDS）的治疗作用。方法27例NRDS的患儿经气管滴入固尔苏[100mg／（kg·次）]，然后拔管予NC—PAP呼吸支持治疗，作为NCPAP组。25例常规机械通气病例作为对照组（VT组），比较两组患儿的临床症状体征、血气变化、并发症、住院时间以及住院费用。结果治疗后1h，两组患儿症状体征明显好转；6h、12h及24h，两组患儿的血气较治疗前显著改善，两组比较，无明显差异；NCPAP组肺部感染及慢性肺部疾病的发生率明显低于VT组；NCPAP组的氧疗及住院时间明显少于VT组，住院费用也较低。结论NCPAP及固尔苏联合应用能有效地治疗NRDS，与常规机械通气比较，具有肺部感染、慢性肺部疾病发生率低、住院时间短、住院费用少等特点。     

Benefit of lag screw placement by a single- or two-screw nailing system in elderly patients with AO/OTA 31-A2 trochanteric fractures

ObjectiveTo retrospectively analyze the clinical outcomes of two intramedullary fixation devices, the INTERTAN nail and Gamma3 nail, for treatment of AO/OTA 31-A2 trochanteric fractures in elderly patients.MethodsIn total, 165 elderly patients underwent treatment for AO/OTA 31-A2 trochanteric fractures in our hospital from June 2017 to June 2018 (INTERTAN group, n = 79; Gamma3 group, n = 86). All patients underwent radiological and clinical investigations and were followed up for an average of 12 months. Age, sex, fracture type, surgical time, intraoperative blood loss, fracture healing time, and complications were compared between the two groups.ResultsThe surgical time was significantly shorter and the intraoperative blood loss volume was significantly lower in the Gamma3 than INTERTAN group (58.2 ± 2.5 vs. 81.7 ± 14.2 minutes and 170 ± 29 vs. 220 ± 16 mL, respectively). However, there were no significant differences in the reduction quality, hospital stay, fracture healing time, Harris hip score, postoperative complications, or 1-year postoperative mortality.ConclusionBoth INTERTAN and Gamma3 nails may be effective for surgical treatment of AO/OTA 31-A2 trochanteric fractures in elderly patients. However, the Gamma3 nail was superior to the INTERTAN nail in terms of surgical time and intraoperative blood loss.