老年原发性高血压患者与健康体检者昼夜血压变异与靶器官损伤的关系

目的探讨老年原发性高血压患者动态血压变化及血压变异性与靶器官损害之间的关系。方法①选择1997-06/2002-08解放军第三○五医院内科住院的老年原发性高血压患者316例,年龄60～82岁。根据靶器官损害程度将患者分为2组:无靶器官损害组138例(高血压I期)和靶器官损害组178例(高血压Ⅱ～Ⅲ期)。另选本院正常健康体检者130人为对照组,年龄60～78岁。纳入对象对检查项目知情同意。②应用无创性携带式血压监测仪监测纳入对象24h动态血压,按Parati等方法,以24h动态血压监测到的血压标准差为长时血压变异指标,包括24h收缩压和舒张压标准差,白天收缩压和舒张压标准差,夜间收缩压和舒张压标准差。③计量资料差异性比较采用t检验。结果原发性高血压患者316例及健康者130人均进入结果分析。高血压患者24h动态血压及血压变异参数均明显高于对照组(P<0.05～0.01)。无靶器官损害组与有靶器官损害组组间夜间平均收缩压和舒张压及夜间收缩压和舒张压标准差差异不明显(P>0.05);有靶器官损害组日间平均血压及血压变异性参数普遍高于无靶器官损害组(P<0.05～0.01)。结论日间平均血压及血压变异性参数变化与靶器官损害程度有关。     

隐匿性高血压的靶器官损害

目的:探讨隐匿性高血压对靶器官损害的影响.方法:门诊患者302例,根据门诊血压和动态血压分为血压正常组(NT),白大衣性高血压组(WCH),隐匿性高血压组(MH)和持续性高血压组(HP),心脏和颈动脉超声检查,计算左室重量指数(LVMI)、颈动脉内中膜厚度(IMT)、颈动脉斑块的发生率.结果:LVMI、IMT、颈动脉斑块的检出率,NT组与WCH组相近,MH与HP组相近,组间均无统计学差异;MH组和HP组明显差别于NT组和WCH组,差异有显著性意义(P＜0.01).结论:隐匿性高血压患者具有较高的靶器官损害.     

白大衣高血压对心脏结构和功能的影响

目的　了解白大衣高血压对左心结构和功能的影响。方法　通过诊室血压测量和 2 4h动态血压监测将患者分为白大衣高血压组和持续性高血压组 ,采用超声心动图测量比较每组患者的心脏结构、功能。结果　白大衣高血压组左房内径、左室后壁厚度和左室质量指数均低于持续高血压组 ,但高于正常对照组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,舒张功能较对照组下降。结论　白大衣高血压可能造成心脏损害 ,但是危险性低于持续高血压。     

老年原发性高血压患者晨峰现象与靶器官损害的关系

目的 探讨老年原发性高血压晨峰(MBPS)现象对靶器官损害的影响.方法 原发性高血压患者58例,依24 h动态血压分MBPS组(30例)和非MBPS组(28例).所有对象进行心脏和颈动脉超声检查,计算左室质量指数(LVMI)、颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT).结果 MBPS组24 h、白昼以及夜间平均收缩压、脉压均较非MBPS组高(P＜0.05),MBPS组的LVMI及左右两侧颈动脉IMT均明显高于非MBPS组(P＜0.05).结论 老年原发性高血压患者具有MBPS现象者有明显的靶器官损害.     

老年原发性高血压患者与健康体检者昼夜血压变异与靶器官损伤的关系

目的探讨老年原发性高血压患者动态血压变化及血压变异性与靶器官损害之间的关系.方法①选择1997-06/2002-08解放军第三○五医院内科住院的老年原发性高血压患者316例,年龄60～82岁.根据靶器官损害程度将患者分为2组：无靶器官损害组138例（高血压Ⅰ期）和靶器官损害组178例（高血压Ⅱ～Ⅲ期）.另选本院正常健康体检者130人为对照组,年龄60～78岁.纳入对象对检查项目知情同意.②应用无创性携带式血压监测仪监测纳入对象24 h动态血压,按Parati等方法,以24 h动态血压监测到的血压标准差为长时血压变异指标,包括24 h收缩压和舒张压标准差,白天收缩压和舒张压标准差,夜间收缩压和舒张压标准差.③计量资料差异性比较采用t检验.结果原发性高血压患者316例及健康者130人均进入结果分析.高血压患者24 h动态血压及血压变异参数均明显高于对照组（P＜0.05～0.01）.无靶器官损害组与有靶器官损害组组间夜间平均收缩压和舒张压及夜间收缩压和舒张压标准差差异不明显（P＞0.05）;有靶器官损害组日间平均血压及血压变异性参数普遍高于无靶器官损害组（P＜0.05～0.01）.结论日间平均血压及血压变异性参数变化与靶器官损害程度有关.     

老年原发性高血压并靶器官损害的临床研究

目的:研究老年原发性高血压(EH)并靶器官损害的临床特点。方法:观察156例老年EH与150例非老年EH患者的24h动态血压及靶器官损害的情况。结果:老年组较非老年组心、脑、肾的损害多见,单纯收缩期高血压及血压昼夜节律消失在老年EH组多见,并且老年EH中ISH及血压昼夜节律消失者并发靶器官损害多见。结论:老年EH具有单纯收缩期高血压及血压昼夜节律消失多见的临床特点,其临床特点与并发靶器官损害相关。因此,临床应重视老年EH的治疗,并且在降压治疗过程中注意血压节律的调整。     

血压晨峰对老年原发性高血压患者靶器官损害的影响

目的:探讨血压晨峰(MBPS)对老年原发性高血压患者心、脑、肾靶器官损害的影响,为制定科学的护理方案提供依据. 方法:利用动态血压监测仪对73例老年高血压患者进行血压分析,分为晨峰组37例与非晨峰组36例,依据超声心动图计算心肌左室质量指数(LVMI)、尿微量白蛋白及肌酐,并计算ACR;以颅脑磁共振或CT筛查脑梗死,并测定血清尿钠肽(BNP)、血糖、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、纤维蛋白原(Fib)及C-反应蛋白(CRP). 结果:晨峰组与非晨峰组BNP、LVMI及ACR比较均有显著性差异(P<0.05),晨峰组脑梗死发生率较非晨峰组显著增高(P<0.05);晨峰组血糖、LDL、Fib及CRP均较非晨峰组显著增高(P<0.05). 结论:老年高血压患者MBPS与心、脑、肾靶器官损害密切相关,应根据血压变化调整护理方案和服药时间,减少血压晨峰对靶器官的损害.     

血压晨峰现象的识别和护理观察

目的 通过观测老年原发性高血压患者血压晨峰(morning blood pressure surge,MBPS)对心脑肾靶器官的影响,制定科学的护理方案.方法 对73例老年高血压患者利用动态血压监测仪进行血压分析,分为晨峰组(37例)与非晨峰组(36例),依据超声心动图计算心肌左室质量指数(LVMI),尿微量白蛋白及肌酐并计算2者比值(ACR),以颅脑磁共振或CT筛查脑梗塞.结果 晨峰组与非晨峰组的LVMI以及ACR均有显著差异(P<0.05),脑梗死发生率,晨峰组较非晨峰组也显著增高(P<0.05).结论 老年高血压患者MBPS与心脑肾靶器官损伤密切相关,因此应根据血压变化调整护理方案和服药时间,减少血压晨峰对靶器官的损害.     

综合治疗白大衣高血压的疗效分析

目的分析综合治疗白大衣高血压的疗效。方法选取2013年5月~2015年5月在我院门诊就诊并予以综合治疗的40例白大衣高血压患者作为观察组,另随机选取同时期在我院门诊就诊且未不予以任何治疗措施的40例白大衣高血压患者作为对照组,对比两组治疗后的就诊血压、相关指标以及生活质量。结果治疗后,观察组的就诊血压优于对照组;BMI、TC、TG、Cre、LVPWT均优于对照组;精力、睡眠情感、社会生活、躯体活动及家庭生活评分均优于对照组,两组以上指标差异均较大(P0.05)。结论综合治疗在改善白大衣高血压患者的就诊血压、控制血压进展和靶器官功能损害及提高其生活质量等方面具有显著优势,值得推广。     

动态血压监测诊断老年人高血压病的价值及临床意义

对112例诊断的初发老年高压血压病患者及124例诊断为正常血压偏高的老年人进行动态血压监测。诊断为高血压病患者中26例(23.2%)为白大衣高血压,其次诊断为正常血压偏高者中有22例(17.7%)为夜间高血压病患者。诊断为高血压病老年患者中白大衣高血压发生率比较高,而在诊断为血压正常的老年人中有一部分为夜间高血压,对老年人进行动态血压监测具有非常重要的意义。     

血压负荷与老年高血压病并靶器官损害

目的 :采用动态血压 (ABPM)监测方法研究老年原发性高血压 (EH)患者的血压负荷变化与靶器官受损的关系。方法 :对 86例老年 (EH)患者进行 2 4h动态血压监测 ,根据检测结果随机分为杓型组或非杓型组 ,并分析血压负荷与高血压所致的靶器官损害 (心房纤颤、室性心律失常 ,充血性心力衰竭、脑血管意外 )进行比较。结果 :2 4h动态平均收缩压 (SBP)和平均舒张压(DBP)与上述各项事件有明显差异 (P <0 .0 1) ,脑血管意外发生与夜间平均SBP、DBP有显著差异 (P <0 .0 1)。而动态血压中有杓型变化与无杓型变化者比较 ,其心脑血管并发症的发病率明显降低 ,血压负荷值 >35 %是心脑血管疾病发生的信号。结论 :血压昼夜节律、2 4h总体SBP水平及SBP、DBP负荷值是导致老年高血压并心脑在管疾病发生率高的主要原因     

Self-measurement of blood pressure at home in the management of hypertension

To be suitable for the management of hypertension, self-measurement of blood pressure (BP) at home should follow international recommendations.The use of accurate and validated measuring devices is an important prerequisite. Upper arm BP monitors are the first choice, while wrist and finger devices cannot be recommended. Measurements should, preferentially, be downloaded from the memory of a device or printed. Reference values have been proposed, but were mostly based on cross-sectional observations and have not yet been widely validated by prospective outcome studies. Currently, levels of home BP of <135 mm Hg systolic and 85 mm Hg diastolic are usually considered normal. Home BP measurement is sometimes recommended as an alternative to ambulatory BP monitoring to diagnose white-coat hypertension.However, home BP measurement cannot replace ambulatory BP monitoring in the diagnosis of hypertension (white-coat), but both techniques have complementary roles. The appropriateness of home BP measurement to guide antihypertensive treatment has only been tested in one large-scale randomized trial: the THOP (Treatment of Hypertension Based on Home or Office Blood Pressure) trial. The THOP trial showed that antihypertensive treatment based on home instead of office BP led to less intensive drug treatment, but also to less BP control with no differences in general wellbeing and left ventricular mass. Home BP monitoring also contributed to the identification of patients with white-coat hypertension. On balance, most evidence supports the view that office BP measurement remains the key in the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension. Treatment can be started without confirmation of elevated office BP in patients with high office BP and target organ damage, or a high cardiovascular risk profile. In patients with raised office BP but without target organ damage (white-coat hypertension), or with normal office BP but unexplained target organ damage (masked hypertension), ambulatory or home BP monitoring or both must be used to confirm the diagnosis. Few longitudinal studies have addressed the long-term prognostic meaning of home BP measurement. Until more prospective data become available, management of hypertension exclusively based on self-measurement of BP at home cannot be recommended.     

高血压伴糖尿病患者动态血压的变异性与靶器官损害相关性分析

[目的] 探讨高血压患者伴糖尿病（DM）动态血压变异性与靶器官损害相关性.[方法] 检测高血压伴DM（120例）、高血压不伴DM（120例）两组患者的24 h动态血压、变异性参数及高血压伴DM组踝-臂脉搏波传导速度（baPWV）、尿微量白蛋白、颈动脉中膜厚度等.并对高血压伴DM患者的动态血压变异性与baPWV、尿微量白蛋白、颈动脉中膜厚度作相关性分析,以评价高血压伴DM患者动态血压的变异性与靶器官损害的相关性.[结果] 高血压伴DM患者无论白天或晚上收缩压水平高于单纯高血压患者（P〈0.01）,动态血压收缩压,尤其是夜间收缩压与baPWV、尿微量白蛋白、颈动脉中膜厚度均呈正相关（P＜0.05）.[结论]收缩压的变异性,尤其是夜间收缩压的变异性,是高血压伴DM患者靶器官损害的危险因素,及时发现血压节律改变具有重要意义.     

Clinical utility of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in the management of hypertension

Accurate blood pressure (BP) measurement is essential for the diagnosis, monitoring and management of hypertension. However, conventional office-based BP readings have several limitations that include a low reproducibility, the white-coat effect and the existence of masked hypertension. These limitations can be addressed through the use of ambulatory BP monitoring. Because ambulatory monitoring provides measurements at specific time intervals throughout a 24-hour period, this technique represents a better picture of the normal fluctuations in BP levels associated with daily activities and sleep. In addition, end-organ damage associated with hypertension is more closely related to ambulatory BP than office BP measurements and ambulatory BP profile give better prediction of clinical outcome than conventional BP measurements.     

动态脉压与诊所脉压对原发性高血压患者左室肥厚的评估价值

目的通过比较动态脉压和诊所脉压对原发性高血压患者左室肥厚的影响,为高血压患者的康复预防和介入提供理论依据. 方法选择初诊的轻-中度原发性高血压患者 337例,所有入选病例测量非同日 3次诊所血压、进行 24 h动态血压监测和超声心动图检查.①根据动态脉压水平分为 4组、根据诊所脉压水平分为 5组并分别比较.②根据左室质量指数分为左室肥厚组和非左室肥厚组. 结果动态脉压和诊所脉压均与年龄、原发性高血压史、左室质量指数、动脉僵硬度指数和 24 h平均心率呈非常显著的相关性.动脉僵硬度随分组脉压的增大呈显著递增,其与动态脉压的相关性明显强于诊所脉压 (r=0.670,P< 0.01和 r=0.399,P< 0.01. 24 h 脉压和 24 h收缩压在左室肥厚组均明显高于非左室肥厚组 [(49.0± 10.2)mmHg 和 ( 44.7± 8.9) mmHg,P< 0.001]和 [( 132.1± 13.1) mmHg 和( 126.5± 12.7) mmHg,P< 0.001](1 mmHg=0.13 kPa);动态脉压与左室质量指数的相关性明显强于诊所脉压 (r=0.277,P< 0.01和 r=0.105,P< 0.05). 结论 脉压升高是原发性高血压患者左室肥厚的重要危险因素;与诊所脉压比较,动态脉压更能反映高血压靶器官损害的程度.     

老年高血压患者血压昼夜规律变化与靶器官损害的关系探讨

目的:分析老年高血压病患者24h动态血压昼夜规律变化规律与靶器官损害的关系。方法:对112例老年(≥60岁)高血压病患者进行24h动态血压监测,按照血压昼夜节律性结果分为杓型组与非杓型组;比较两组间动态血压参数、血压负荷、血压变异率的差异与靶器官损害的关系。结果:杓型组与非杓型组收缩压、收缩血压负荷的差异均有显著性(P<0.05),血压变异率差异也有显著性(P<0.05),Logistic回归分析显示靶器官损害与收缩压、收缩血压负荷相关,与血压变异率负相关。结论:老年高血压病昼夜节律异常者多伴随收缩压、收缩压血压负荷增高,与靶器官损害有相关性。     

Call to action on use and reimbursement for home blood pressure monitoring: a joint scientific statement from the American Heart Association, American Society of Hypertension, and Preventive Cardiovascular Nurses Association

Home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM) overcomes many of the limitations of traditional office blood pressure (BP) measurement and is both cheaper and easier to perform than ambulatory BP monitoring. Monitors that use the oscillometric method are currently available that are accurate, reliable, easy to use, and relatively inexpensive. An increasing number of patients are using them regularly to check their BP at home, but although this has been endorsed by national and international guidelines, detailed recommendations for their use have been lacking. There is a rapidly growing literature showing that measurements taken by patients at home are often lower than readings taken in the office and closer to the average BP recorded by 24-hour ambulatory monitors, which is the BP that best predicts cardiovascular risk. Because of the larger numbers of readings that can be taken by HBPM than in the office and the elimination of the white-coat effect (the increase of BP during an office visit), home readings are more reproducible than office readings and show better correlations with measures of target organ damage. In addition, prospective studies that have used multiple home readings to express the true BP have found that home BP predicts risk better than office BP (Class IIa; Level of Evidence A). This call-to-action article makes the following recommendations: (1) It is recommended that HBPM should become a routine component of BP measurement in the majority of patients with known or suspected hypertension; (2) Patients should be advised to purchase oscillometric monitors that measure BP on the upper arm with an appropriate cuff size and that have been shown to be accurate according to standard international protocols. They should be shown how to use them by their healthcare providers; (3) Two to 3 readings should be taken while the subject is resting in the seated position, both in the morning and at night, over a period of 1 week. A total of >/=12 readings are recommended for making clinical decisions; (4) HBPM is indicated in patients with newly diagnosed or suspected hypertension, in whom it may distinguish between white-coat and sustained hypertension. If the results are equivocal, ambulatory BP monitoring may help to establish the diagnosis; (5) In patients with prehypertension, HBPM may be useful for detecting masked hypertension; (6) HBPM is recommended for evaluating the response to any type of antihypertensive treatment and may improve adherence; (7) The target HBPM goal for treatment is <135/85 mm Hg or <130/80 mm Hg in high-risk patients; (8) HBPM is useful in the elderly, in whom both BP variability and the white-coat effect are increased; (9) HBPM is of value in patients with diabetes, in whom tight BP control is of paramount importance; (10) Other populations in whom HBPM may be beneficial include pregnant women, children, and patients with kidney disease; and (11) HBPM has the potential to improve the quality of care while reducing costs and should be reimbursed.     

老年高血压患者治疗过程中的动态血压特点和护理对策

目的探讨老年高血压患者治疗过程中的动态血压特点和护理对策。方法选取207例老年高血压患者进行24h动态血压监测,并分成一般老年组和高龄老年组,进行比较分析。结果高龄老年组的日间、夜间平均收缩压均高于一般老年组,日间、夜间平均舒张压均明显低于一般老年组,高龄老年组的脉压明显高于一般老年组,差异均具有统计学意义。高龄老年组昼夜节律异常发生率(反杓形+非杓形)占92.4%,一般老年组昼夜节律异常发生率(反杓形+非杓形)占93.3%,两组夜间下降率差异有统计学意义。结论 24h动态血压监测能更准确全面了解老年高血压患者的血压控制情况,为临床用药和护理提供更为合理的依据。     

高血压患者血压昼夜节律分析

目的探讨高血压患者血压昼夜节律的变化。方法采用24 h动态血压监测(ABPM)技术研究高血压患者昼夜节律变化特点并与正常人比较。结果单纯高血压组(EH)与正常组比较,血压昼夜节律改变两组无明显差异。而原发性高血压伴靶器官损害组(TOD)的昼夜节律与单纯高血压组或正常组比较差异有显著意义(P<0.01)。结论血压昼夜节律变化与TOD密切相关。     

高血压患者血压晨峰与冠状动脉病变相关性研究

目的探讨原发性高血压患者血压晨峰（morning blood pressure surge,MBPS）与冠状动脉病变的相关性。方法203例原发性高血压患者行冠状动脉造影术（coronary angiography,CAG）和24h动态血压（ambulatory blood pressure monitoring,ABPM）监测,根据ABPM有无MBPS现象分为晨峰组71例和非晨峰组132例,比较2组冠状动脉病变支数、病变Gensini总积分,分析冠状动脉病变的影响因素。结果晨峰组24h、白昼及夜间平均收缩压、冠状动脉病变发生率、3支病变发生率以及Gensini总积分均高于非晨峰组（P〈0.01）,而单支病变发生率低于非晨峰组（P〈0.01）;冠状动脉病变程度多元线性回归分析结果显示,年龄、24h收缩压及MBPS为冠状动脉病变的独立影响因素。结论 MBPS与冠状动脉病变程度有关,有效控制高血压患者的晨峰血压对减少靶器官损害有重要意义。