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1.
目的描述中国14组中年人群空腹血糖受损(IFG)患病率、糖尿病(DM)患病率、知晓率、治疗率、控制率现状及其近年的变化趋势。方法1998年对14组35~59岁人群进行整群抽样调查,测定空腹血糖并询问DM史及治疗史,用于现况研究。对其中4组曾在1993—1994年进行相同调查的人群进行变化趋势研究。结果14组人群IFG和DM年龄标化患病率分别为0.5%~15.6%(平均4.8%)和0.2%~10.6%(平均4.3%),无性别差异,城市高于农村(P〈0.01),年龄越大患病率越高(P〈0.01)。DM知晓率、治疗率、控制率分别为0%~46.2%(平均33.3%)、0%~46.2%(平均27.2%)和0%~15.4%(平均9.7%);女性大于男性(P〈0.01),城市高于农村(P=0.031).年龄越大上述三率越高(P〈0.05),与文化程度无显著关联。在DM知晓者中治疗率平均为81.6%,在治疗者中控制率平均为35.6%,且男女、城乡、年龄组问差异无统计学意义。1993-1994年到1998年4组人群DM患病率平均由3.8%上升到4.6%(P=0.037),知晓率、治疗率、控制率有上升趋势但变化无统计学意义(P〉0.05)。结论中国14组中年人群DM患病率两性之间差异无统计学意义.地区之间差异明显,近年呈上升趋势。DM知晓率、治疗率、控制率总体处于较低水平。解决DM人群防治的关键是改善检出机会和提高治疗效果两个环节。  相似文献   

2.
目的探讨广东省居民文化程度与高血压患病率、知晓率、治疗率及控制率的相关关系,为制定有针对性的控制措施提供科学依据。方法在全省21个地级市各抽取1个县/区,再运用容量比例概率抽样法(PPS法)确定每个县/区320例调查样本,面对面调查15~69岁居民个人基本情况及对高血压病的知晓、治疗情况,体格检查包括测量血压、身高、体重等。研究对象文化程度分为小学及以下、初中、高中及以上3组,采用多因素logistic回归方法分析不同文化程度与高血压的关系。结果共调查6585人,其中高血压患者1514例,高血压粗患病率为23.0%,城市及农村粗患病率分别为21.0%、24.2%(P〈0.01),城市高血压知晓率、治疗率、控制率分别为34.0%、30.4%、9.3%.农村分别为21.3%、17.0%、1.9%。城市小学及以下、初中、高中及以上文化程度的高血压患病率分别为35.2%、18.3%、12.2%(P〈0.01),农村则分别为29.3%、18.0%、16.7%(P〈0.01)。多因素logistic分析显示:相对于高中及以上文化程度的人群,城市及农村小学及以下文化程度的人群的高血压患病率较高(P〈0.05),OR分别为1.82、1.85;城市小学及以下文化程度的人群知晓率、治疗率、控制率及城市初中文化程度的人群的控制率较低(P〈0.05),OR值分别为0.48、0.36、0.39、0.37。结论广东省居民的文化程度越低,高血压患病率越高,知晓率、治疗率、控制率越低,提高全民教育水平有利于高血压的预防控制,健康宣教应侧重低文化程度人群。  相似文献   

3.
湖南省茶陵县高血压流行状况与防治情况调查   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的为了解县区人群高血压流行状况和防治情况,为制定适合县区人群高血压预防控制措施提供科学依据。方法采取分层整群抽样法抽取茶陵县城区的3个居委会和农村的9个村,共调查35岁及以上的居民2056人。结果茶陵县人群高血压总患病率为31.08%,患病率随着年龄的递增而上升(P〈0.01),45岁后呈快速递增,峰值在65和75岁组。高血压城乡差异体现在45岁以上年龄组(P〈0.01)。性别差异出现在35岁组(P〈0.05)。不同职业高血压患病率有差别(P〈0.01),以家务人员和专业技术人员患病最高。城区居民高血压知晓率、治疗率显著高于农村(P〈0.01),控制率差别无统计学意义(P〉0.05)。结论年龄是高血压的重要危险因素,不同职业、不同生活环境对高血压有影响。茶陵县人群高血压患病知晓率、治疗率和控制率仍处于较低水平,广泛开展健康知识宣传教育,努力提高知晓率、治疗率和控制率是预防控制高血压流行的关键。  相似文献   

4.
[目的]了解莱芜市煤矿工人高血压患病情况及其危险因素,为制订防治规划、开展干预措施提供科学依据。[方法]2008年,在莱芜市四大煤矿抽取煤矿工人4285名进行调查。[结果]调查4285名煤矿工人,高血压患病率为20.09%。高血压患病率,18-29岁、30-39岁、40-50岁分别为16.60%、20.47%、25.98%(P〈0.01),井下作业1~9年、10~19年、≥20年的分别为16.53%、19.41%、26.43%(P〈0.01);口味偏咸、吸烟、饮酒、生活紧张、高脂饮食、超重者分别高于无此行为者(P〈0.01)。高血压患者高血压知晓率、治疗率、控制率分别为41.93%、30.35%、12.31%。[结论]莱芜市煤矿工人高血压患病率较高,患者的知晓率、治疗率、控制率均很低。  相似文献   

5.
江苏省居民高血压现状流行病学调查分析   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11  
目的:了解江苏省居民高血压流行病学现状,为开展高血压防治工作提供依据。方法:在江苏省14个慢病监测点采用多阶段随机整群抽样方法和KISH表法确定调查对象,通过询问调查获得15-69岁城乡居民基本情况和健康状况,并进行血压测量。结果:江苏省15-69岁居民收缩压/舒张压均值为130.5/82.1mmHg,高血压粗患病率为33.8%,标化患病率为25.0%;高血压患病率高学历者相对较低,农村高于城市,男性高于女性,但不同经济收入人群标化患病率相差不大;城乡居民高血压知晓率、治疗率和控制率分别为42.1%、34.1%和9.3%,高血压知晓率、治疗率城市高于农村,控制率农村略高于城市,但均无显著性差异。结论:居民高血压患病率高且持续快速上升是本省重要的公共卫生问题,高血压防治工作应重点关注低学历者、农村居民和男性,同时应采取多种措施不断提高居民高血压知晓率和控制率。  相似文献   

6.
浙江社区居民2型糖尿病患病状况及危险因素分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的了解浙江社区居民2型糖尿病患病情况及危险因素。方法采用多阶段随机整群抽样的方法,对浙江省5个社区35周岁以上居民共6902人作问卷调查、体格检查及实验室检测。结果2型糖尿病患病率为5.8%,标化患病率等为5.0%,农村社区3.4%,城乡结合社区6.9%,城市社区5.2%,城乡结合社区糖尿病患病率高于农村和城市社区(P〈0.05)。糖尿病知晓率为50.4%,治疗率为49.4%,控制率为24.3%,城市社区〉城乡结合社区〉农村社区(X^2知晓=1760,X^2治疗=19.94,X^2控制=6.39,P〈0.01)。2型糖尿病的主要危险因素有年龄、糖尿病家族史、高血压、中心肥胖、经常食用奶类制品和高血脂。结论社区居民2型糖尿患病率较高,尤其是城市和城乡结合社区,知晓率、治疗率和控制率较低,应采取综合措施,预防和控制糖尿病的发生。  相似文献   

7.
赤峰市城市、农村和牧区居民高血压患病情况   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
目的掌握赤峰市城市、农村、牧区人群高血压患病情况。方法采用分层随机整群抽样的方法,对该市15岁以上居民进行问卷调查和体格测量。结果高血压患病率为28.50%,标化率为19.09%。其中城市、农村、牧区人群患病率分别为23.15%,19.85%,42.74%,标化率分别为14.71%,12.43%,32.03%。各地区居民患病率均随着年龄增长有上升趋势。城市和牧区男性患病率高于女性(P〈0.05),农村男女性间无差别(P〉0.05)。各地区不同文化程度人群患病率差别均有统计学意义(P〈0.000 1)。牧区高血压患者的知晓率、治疗率、控制率均明显低于城市和农村(P〈0.05)。结论赤峰市城市、农村和牧区居民高血压患病率均较高,需要全面开展城市以社区卫生服务、农村、牧区以新型合作医疗为基础的综合性防治工作。  相似文献   

8.
目的 对苏州市成年人高血压患病及控制现状进行分析.方法 2010年对苏州市社区居民进行整群抽样调查.结果 苏州市成年人高血压患病率为47.06%(标化患病率34.74%),知晓率为66.11%(标化知晓率48.35%),治疗率为58.40%(标化治疗率40.10%),控制率为20.56%(标化控制率12.91%),知晓者治疗率为88.34%(标化知晓者治疗率67.79%).高血压患病率、知晓率、治疗率和控制率随年龄增大而升高(P< 0.001),不同文化程度人群高血压患病率差异有统计学意义(P< 0.001),退休人员、老年人的四率最高.结论 苏州市成年人高血压知晓者治疗率较高,但知晓率和控制率相对较低.预防老年人高血压患病,提高人群高血压知晓率,改善控制现状,是该地区今后进一步做好高血压防控工作的重点.  相似文献   

9.
目的了解清远市清城区凤城社区60岁及以上老年人群糖尿病患病率、知晓率、治疗率、控制率情况,为该社区老年人群糖尿病防治提供科学依据。方法以2010年1月-2012年12月清远市清城区凤城社区26个行政村60岁及以上7314例老年人健康检查横断面调查结果为样本。对老年人糖尿病患病及有关特点进行分析。结果该社区60岁及以上人群糖尿病患病率(标化)为5.89%。标化后男女性糖尿病患病率随年龄增长而增加的变化趋势差异均有统计学意义(P〈0.01)。知晓率、治疗率和控制率(简称三率)分别为44.94%、24.27%和9.44%。女性三率高于男性。男女分别有41.52%和41.34%实测糖尿病患者不知自身已患有糖尿病。结论该社区有必要开展实施“防、治、保、康、教一体化”为主的糖尿病综合防治措施,积极对不良生活方式进行干预,预防和早期治疗糖尿病,提高糖尿病的知晓率和治疗率。  相似文献   

10.
目的:了解海岛渔农村居民高血压患病情况和相关危险因素,为制定高血压防治策略提供科学依据。方法:采用多阶段整群随机抽样的方法,抽取岱山县18岁以上渔农村居民1149人,进行高血压患病情况调查,并对高血压患病的影响因素进行单因素和多因素非条件logistic回归分析。结果:海岛渔农村18岁以上居民高血压患病率为21.58%,标化率14.43%;其中男性患病率20.56%,标化率13.23%;女性患病率22.38%,标化率15.52%,男女性差异无统计学意义(X2=0.55,P〉0.05)。高血压患病率有随着年龄的增大而上升的趋势;高血压知晓率、治疗率和控制率分别为60.48%、43.95%和25.81%。多因素非条件logistic回归分析显示年龄、高血压家族史、高甘油三酯、高总胆固醇、糖尿病和超重或肥胖为高血压危险因素。结论:海岛渔农村居民的高血压患病率低于全国基本患病率,但知晓率、治疗率和控制率仍较低。要加强社区综合干预工作,有效控制高血压及心脑血管疾病的发生发展。  相似文献   

11.
Lunasin, a unique 43-amino acid peptide found in a number of seeds, has been shown to be chemopreventive in mammalian cells and in a skin cancer mouse model. To elucidate the role of cereals in cancer prevention, we report here the prevalence, bioavailability, and bioactivity of lunasin from barley. Lunasin is present in all cultivars of barley analyzed. The liver and kidney of rats fed with lunasin-enriched barley (LEB) show the presence of lunasin in Western blot. Lunasin extracted from the kidney and liver inhibits the activities of HATs (histone acetyl transferases), yGCN5 by 20% and 18% at 100 nM, and PCAF activity by 25% and 24% at 100 nM, confirming that the peptide is intact and bioactive. Purified barley lunasin localizes in the nuclei of NIH 3T3 cells. Barley lunasin added to NIH 3T3 cells in the presence of the chemical carcinogen MCA activates the expression of tumor suppressors p21 and p15 by 45% and 47%, decreases cyclin D1 by 98%, and inhibits Rb hyperphosphorylation by 45% compared with the MCA treatment alone. We conclude that lunasin is prevalent in barley, bioavailable, and bioactive and that consumption of barley could play an important role of cancer prevention in barley-consuming populations.  相似文献   

12.
A comparison has been made between the incidence of salmonellas in pigs and feeding stuffs in England and Wales and in Denmark. In Denmark there is veterinary legislation requiring the sterilization of imported and home produced feed ingredients of animal origin. There is no such legislation in England and Wales. In Denmark 0·3% of resterilized imported meat and bone meal was contaminated with salmonellas. This compared with 23% of meat and bone meal in England and Wales and 20-27% of other ingredients of animal origin. In England and Wales salmonellas were isolated from 7% of caecal samples and 6% of lymph node samples, while in Denmark they were isolated from 3% of caecal samples and 4% of lymph node samples. In England and Wales 25 serotypes were found in both pigs and feeds and these included nearly all the most prevalent human pathogens. In Denmark four of the six serotypes in pigs had been found in resterilized feed. One notable difference between the two studies was the very wide range of serotypes found in pigs in England and Wales and the narrow range in Denmark. A second was that Salmonella typhimurium formed 15% of all Salmonella strains isolated from pigs in England and Wales, and 60% of those in Denmark.  相似文献   

13.
The aim of the study was to determine lead and cadmium concentrations in Isopoda woodlice and soil and to estimate their relation in the environment and the possibility of the use of isopods as biological indicators of pollution. Samples of isopods and soil were collected at two locations in Northern Croatia and analyzed for lead and cadmium. One location was in the forest, and another in the meadow near the road. Isopods were dry- ashed and soil was extracted with nitric acid. Elements were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry. Results revealed that the two locations were significantly different in lead and cadmium in extracted soil and isopods. Lead concentration in extracted soil was 34.6 mg/kg dry weight in the forest and 43.3 mg/kg dry weight in the meadow near the road. Respective cadmium values were 0.147 and 0.180 mg/kg. Lead concentrations in isopods were 2.40 and 4.22 mg/kg dry weights, and cadmium 0.757 and 0.411 mg/kg dry weight, respectively. Correlation of lead or cadmium between isopods and soil irrespective of location gave significant and linear relations for both elements.  相似文献   

14.
Prevalence and Trends in Overweight in Mexican-American Adults and Children   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
Overweight and obesity have been increasing in many countries. Our objective is to describe the trends in overweight and obesity occurring in the Mexican-American population in the United States. Data on measured height and weight for Mexican Americans come from the following surveys: the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HHANES, 1982–84), the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 1988–94), and NHANES 1999–2002. In 1999–2002, 73% of Mexican-American adults were overweight and 33% were obese. Obesity increased between NHANES III and NHANES 1999–2002, from 24% to 27% for men and from 35% to 38% for women. Increases were also seen for children and adolescents. The Mexican-American population in the United States, both children and adults, is showing trends in overweight and obesity over time that are similar to those seen in other segments of the U.S. population and indeed in many countries  相似文献   

15.
环孢素A(Cyclosporin A,CsA)是一种大环内酯类免疫抑制剂,广泛应用于器官移植后排斥反应和自身免疫性疾病的防治.近年对CsA在产科和生殖领域的应用展开了一系列研究,CsA不仅能从多方面诱导母胎免疫耐受,还能促进滋养细胞增殖、抑制凋亡,增强其运动、迁移和侵袭能力,从而对妊娠起到双重调节作用,有望成为原因不明...  相似文献   

16.
17.
Management of pregnancy and childbirth in England and Wales and in France   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
This paper reviews national data on obstetric and neonatal practices in England and Wales, and in France between 1970 and 1980. The data have been derived from national statistics and surveys on national samples of births in 1970, 1975 and 1980 in England and Wales, and 1972, 1976 and 1981 in France. The analysis shows that there was no major difference in pregnancy outcome, but wide variations in medical practices, and their trend over time. The main differences were: in England and Wales a higher number of antenatal visits, a higher percentage of inpatient admissions during pregnancy, a higher rate of induction, more episiotomies, a higher rate of resuscitation at birth, and admission to neonatal special care units; in France, a higher rate of caesarean sections before and during labour, some evidence of a more active management of labour, and a longer hospital post-natal stay. These differences in practice reflect differences in objectives and assessment of the effectiveness of care between the two countries: they point out the need for better monitoring and evaluation of obstetric and neonatal practices.  相似文献   

18.
Summary Both public health and social and preventive medicine are characterised by the common goal of promoting, maintaining and improving health and preventing disease, and both are concerned with a population-related, preventive and environmental perspective. But whereas public health is interdisciplinary and goes far beyond the medical focus, social and preventive medicine is medically based and forms a bridge between public health and medical practice. Research in a department of social and preventive medicine serves to support preventive and medico-social activities in medical practice as well as in public health. This is illustrated by results from research conducted at the author's department during the last twenty years. Examples are research in support of smoking cessation activities, and research used for the planning of care for the elderly. Both the research and the teaching activities of the department take into account the population focus of public health as well as the focus on individual medicine in clinical practice.
Forschung und Lehre in Sozial-und Präventivmedizin und öffentlicher Gesundheit
Zusammenfassung Sowohl das Gebiet der öffentlichen Gesundheit als auch dasjenige der Sozial-und Präventivmedizin sind durch das Ziel der Förderung, Erhaltung und Verbesserung der Gesundheit sowie der Krankheitsvorbeugung gekennzeichnet, und beide beschäftigen sich mit einer bevölkerungsbezogenen, präventiven und umweltbezogenen Perspektive. Aber während die öffentliche Gesundheit stark interdisziplinär ist und weit über den medizinischen Fokus hinausreicht, ist die Sozial-und Präventivmedizin ein medizinisches Fach und stellt eine Brücke zwischen der öffentlichen Gesundheit und der ärztlichen Praxis dar. Die Forschung in einem Institut für Sozial-und Präventivmedizin dient der Förderung präventiver und sozialmedizinischer Tätigkeiten in der ärztlichen Praxis wie auch in der öffentlichen Gesundheit. Dies wird durch die Forschungstätigkeit des Instituts des Autors aus den letzten 20 Jahren illustriert, wobei Beispiele aus den Gebieten der Förderung der Raucherentwöhnung und der Betreuung behinderter Betagter dargestellt werden. Sowohl in den Forschungs-als auch in den Lehrtätigkeiten des Instituts finden der Bevölkerungsbezug der öffentlichen Gesundheit wie auch der individualmedizinische Ansatz der ärztlichen Praxis ihren Ausdruck.

La recherche et l'ensignement en médecine sociale et préventive et en santé publique
Résumé La santé publique aussi bien que la médecine sociale et préventive sont caractérisées par le but commun de promouvoir, maintenir et améliorer l'état de santé et de prévenir les maladies, et elles s'orientent vers une perspective de population, de prévention et environnementale. Mais la santé publique est interdisciplinaire et va loin au-delà de la médecine, tandis que la médecine sociale et préventive est basée sur la médecine et représente le lien entre la santé publique et la pratique médicale. La recherche d'un institut de médecine sociale et préventive sert à appuyer les activités préventives et médico-sociales au cabinet médical aussi bien qu'en santé publique. Cela est illustré par des résultats de recherches conduites dans les vingt années passées à l'institut de l'auteur, et les exemples sont tirés de la recherche en appui de la promotion de la cessation de fumée et de la planification de la prise en charge des personnes âgées et handicapées. Les activités de recherche et de l'enseignement de l'institut tiennent compte de la perspective de population cacactéristique de la santé publique, aussi bien que de la dimension de médecine individuelle caractéristique de la pratique clinique.


Paper presented at a symposium on The Public Health Perspective of Social and Preventive Medicine, in celebration of the 20th anniversary of the Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Berne, 25 June 1992 in Berne.  相似文献   

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