长沙地区男性BMD参考数据库的建立

目的建立男性多骨骼部位骨密度（BMD）参考数据库。方法采用双能X线吸收法（DXA）骨密度仪,测量1537例长沙地区男性健康志愿者（年龄15～85岁）正位腰椎、侧位腰椎、股骨近端（髋部）和前臂远端的BMD。结果腰椎和股骨近端的BMD随年龄变化采用二次回归模型拟合优度最佳,前臂远端的BMD与年龄之间的关系采用三次回归模型拟合优度最佳。腰椎、股骨颈和总体髋部的峰值BMD（PBMD）发生在15-19岁,前臂远端的PBMD则发生在40～44岁。结论该研究建立的男性多骨骼部位BMD参考数据库,为南方地区男性诊断骨质疏松提供了可靠的参考标准。     

用三次回归模型建立女性多骨骼部位骨密度参考数据库及其应用评价

目的　建立和评价诊断女性骨质疏松 (OP)的多骨骼部位骨密度 (BMD)参考数据库。方法用QDR 45 0 0A型扇形束DXA骨密度仪测量 2 70 2例 5～ 96岁女性参考人群和 14 71例女性OP患者腰椎前后位和仰卧侧位、髋部及前臂 3 8个骨骼区域的BMD ,用 8种回归模型拟合整个健康女性人群BMD随年龄的变化 ,找出最佳拟合模型的方程建立参考数据库 ,与仪器配置的“东方女性”参考数据库同时诊断14 71例女性患者 ,评价两种参考数据库对OP检出率的差异。结果　 3 8个骨骼区域BMD随年龄变化 ,用三次回归模型拟合程度均优于其他回归模型 ,拟合曲线的决定系数 (R2 )为 0 .3 6～ 0 .65 (P <0 .0 0 1)。建立的长沙女性参考数据库 ,对患者腰椎及髋部的OP检出率比“东方女性”参考数据库低 18.8%～ 3 3 .7% ,而对前臂的OP检出率则高 2 0 .4%和 2 3 .8%。两种参考数据库对OP检出率之间的差异均具有显著性 (P <0 .0 0 1)。结论　仪器配置的“东方女性”参考数据库不适合长沙地区女性诊断OP。本研究建立的女性参考数据库 ,不仅为湖南地区女性 ,而且也为中国南方地区女性诊断OP提供了可靠的参考标准。     

男性老年性骨质疏松

1999年中国五大行政区应用双能Ｘ线骨密度仪 (ＤＥＸＡ)联合抽样调查骨密度 ,以Ｔ值≤ - 2 .5ｓ诊断骨质疏松 ,发现 6 0岁以上中国人骨质疏松的患病率 ,男性 (调查 1891例 )明显低于女性 (调查2 0 5 3例 ) :腰椎2 4 男女分别为 11.0 %和 2 1.5 %,股骨颈分别为 10 .6 %和 2 7.3%,Ｗａｒｄｓ三角分别为15 .0 %和 2 8.6 %,而大粗隆部骨质疏松男性略高 ,男女性患病率分别为 14.4 %和 11.8%。男女骨质疏松患病率均随增龄而升高 ,以股骨颈骨质疏松为例 ,6 0～ 6 9岁男女分别为 4 .9%和 14.5 %,70～ 79岁分别为 11.3%和 2 8.6 %,80岁以上分别为18.…     

男性原发性骨质疏松的某些研究进展

近年来男性骨质疏松发病率呈上升趋势。男性骨峰值高于女性，但和女性一样，男性骨峰值与骨丢失与受我种因素影响。雄激素在体内对维持骨骼的自身稳定起重要作用。在男性儿童骨骼成熟中雌激素也起重要作用。甲状旁腺激素，１，２５（ＯＨ）２Ｄ是经典的骨代谢调节激素；生长激素和胰岛素的生长因子－Ｉ也对男性骨代谢发挥重要影响。苯妥英等能促进雄雄鼠骨形成。吸烟、饮酒可影响骨峰值。有规律锻炼及增加钙摄入量可骨密度。     

男性原发性骨质疏松的某些研究进展

近年来男性骨质疏松发病率呈上升趋势。男性骨峰值高于女性，但和女性一样，男性骨峰值与骨丢失也受多种因素影响。雄激素在体内对维持骨骼的自身稳定起重要作用。在男性儿童骨骼成熟中雌激素也起重要作用。甲状旁腺激素，１，２５（ＯＨ）２Ｄ是经典的骨代谢调节激素；生长激素和胰岛素样生长因子－Ⅰ也对男性骨代谢发挥重要影响。苯妥英等能促进雄鼠骨形成。吸烟、饮酒可影响骨峰值。有规律锻炼及增加钙摄入量可提高骨密度     

老年男性骨质疏松症患者骨密度和生化指标的变化

目的：了解老年男性骨质疏松症患者骨密度和骨代谢生化指标变化的特点。方法：对30例老年男性骨质疏松症患者进行腰椎（L2－4）骨密度（BMD）、骨矿含量（BMC）、血和尿骨代谢生化指标的测定,并与对照组进行比较。结果：骨质疏松（OP）组的BMD和BMC均显著小于对照组,分别比对照组下降21．6％和25％;OP组骨形成指标血清碱性磷酸酸（ALP）和C端骨钙素（BGP）明显高于对照组,分别上升25．4％和222％;骨吸收指标尿羟脯氨酸与肌酐的比值（HOP／Cr)和Ⅰ型胶原N－末端肽与肌酐的比值（INTX／Cr)明显高于对照组,分别上升22．6％和223％。OP组血清T水平明显低于对照组,两组血清25－羟维生素D3（25－OH－D3）均在正常低限或低于正常水平。结论：腰椎（L2－4）BMD和BMC是诊断男性骨质疏松症的主要依据;老年男性骨质疏松症患者一部分人属于骨代谢高转换型;雄激素对老年男性骨量的维持起重要作用;老年男性维生素D缺乏质疏松症发生的重要基础。     

青岛地区成年女性多部位骨密度数据库建立

目的确立青岛地区正常成年女性骨密度(BM D)正常参考范围,建立诊断成年女性骨质疏松症(OP)的多骨骼部位BM D参考值。方法用Cha llenge双能X线骨密度仪测量868例25~83岁女性腰椎(L2~L4)侧位和左侧髋部(股骨颈、大转子、W ards三角区)6个骨骼区域的BM D,用8种回归模型拟合健康成年女性BM D随年龄的变化,找出最佳拟合方程建立数据库。结果①6个骨骼区域BM D随年龄变化,不同部位骨峰值出现时间不同,腰椎在25~29岁,髋部在40~44岁。②拟合曲线的决定系数(R2)为0.21±0.09(P<0.01)。结论女性45岁后骨丢失加速,应开始监测BM D。本数据库建立为青岛地区成年女性诊断OP提供了可靠的参考标准。     

50岁以上男性不同部位骨密度变化特征及骨质疏松检出率

目的探讨50岁以上男性骨密度(BMD)的变化特征及骨质疏松检出率。方法回顾性分析解放军总医院年度查体50岁以上男性的一般资料及用双能X线吸收法测定的BMD,根据年龄和WHO骨质疏松症诊断标准将受试者分组,比较组间BMD特点、不同测量部位骨质疏松及低骨量检出率。结果全髋及股骨颈BMD随增龄而逐渐降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);线性相关分析显示全髋及股骨颈BMD与年龄呈负相关(r=-0.36,r=-0.30;P0.05),腰椎BMD与年龄呈正相关(r=0.14,P0.05)。该人群骨质疏松总检出率为10.08%,低骨量检出率为43.21%;骨质疏松及低骨量检出率均随增龄而增加(P0.01);股骨颈部位骨质疏松及低骨量检出率与总检出率的差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。单侧股骨颈部位骨质疏松、低骨量检出率低于股骨颈部位总检出率。70岁以上者骨质疏松及低骨量检出率显著高于70岁以下者(14.88%比1.99%;47.75%比35.56%,P0.01)。结论 50岁以上男性全髋及股骨颈BMD随增龄而下降。骨质疏松及低骨量检出率随增龄而增加。股骨颈部位骨质疏松及低骨量检出率与总检出率接近,测量双侧股骨颈BMD有助于提高骨质疏松检出率。     

青岛地区成年女性多部位骨密度数据库的建立及骨折风险预测

目的确立青岛地区正常成年女性骨密度(BMD)的正常参考范围,建立诊断成年女性骨质疏松的多骨骼部位BMD参考值,并预测骨折的风险性。方法用双能X线骨密度仪测量868名25～83岁女性参考人群和191例骨折患者的腰椎(L_2-L_4)和左侧髋部(股骨颈、大转子、Ward’s三角区)6个骨骼区域的BMD,用8种回归模型拟合健康成年女性人群BMD随年龄的变化,找出最佳拟合的方程和建立数据库,并对骨折患者的BMD进行分析,预测骨折的风险性。结果6个骨骼区域BMD随年龄变化,不同部位骨峰值出现的时间不同,腰椎在25～29岁,髋部在40～44岁。用三次回归模型拟合程度优于其他回归模型,拟合曲线的决定系数(R~2)为0.21±0.09(P＜0.01)。骨折患者BMD明显降低,与同地区同年龄正常女性相比,BMD下降幅度有限；而与同地区正常女性峰值骨量相比,BMD下降1.6～2.5s。结论女性在45岁以后骨丢失加速。50岁以后女性BMD低于同地区峰值BMD 1.6～2.5s,其骨折风险增加。     

老年男性骨量减少的相关因素初探

目的通过定量超声测定法（QUS）测得骨密度T值,同时调查各种危险因素,探讨与老年男性骨质疏松相关的危险因素。方法老年科体检的60岁以上男性217例,采用QUS对其进行骨密度的测定,根据检测结果将其分为骨量正常组、骨量低下组和骨质疏松组,并对所有患者进行问卷调查,包括年龄、饮茶、吸烟、体重、血脂、疾病史、用药史等以及血糖、血脂、肌酐清除率等生化指标测定,比较各因素和骨密度T值之间的关系。结果年龄、饮茶、高血压、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇与骨密度呈相关关系（P值分别为0.007,0.027,0.049,0.027,0.033）;进一步的多因素分析显示,饮茶与高血压和老年男性骨量减少呈独立相关（P=0.027,P=0.088）结论饮茶对骨密度呈显著正相关,高血压等心血管疾病危险因素和老年男性骨量减少存在相关性,考虑到后一类人群发生骨密度降低的风险,应定期进行骨密度测定。     

Decreased spinal and femoral neck volumetric bone mineral density (BMD) in men with primary osteoporosis and their first-degree male relatives: familial effect on BMD in men

OBJECTIVE: Low bone mass may be caused by a reduction in the amount of bone or density of bone or both. The purpose of this study was to examine differences in bone volume and volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) in men with primary osteoporosis and their first-degree male relatives (FDMR). DESIGN: We used dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to measure areal density, then calculated bone volume and volumetric density in 121 men with primary osteoporosis, 73 FDMR and 66 normal men. We used regression methods adjusting for age, height and weight to determine deficits in bone volume and vBMD at the spine and femoral neck between men with spinal fractures due to primary osteoporosis, FDMR and normal men. RESULTS: Men with osteoporosis had a tendency to smaller bone volume in the spine and femoral neck (P = 0.08 and P = 0.09, respectively) and lower volumetric bone density at the spine (by about 50%) and femoral neck (by about 30%) compared with healthy controls (P < 0.0001). FDMR had no deficit in bone volume but did have lower volumetric density at the spine (by 10.2%) compared with healthy controls (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: A deficit in bone mineral accrual may underlie the pathogenesis of primary osteoporosis in men, resulting in low vBMD. This is likely to be determined by genetic factors, although shared common environmental factors may also be important.     

长沙市男男性行为者HIV和梅毒感染现状及影响因素分析

目的 了解长沙地区男男性行为者(MSM)艾滋病病毒(HIV)和梅毒感染状况及其影响因素.方法 2018年10月至2019年6月期间,委托非政府组织(NGOs)应用滚雪球的方法招募MSM,开展问卷调查和HIV及梅毒检测.采用多因素Logistic回归模型分析HIV和梅毒感染的影响因素.结果 共招募1 220名MSM,其中...     

Factors associated with self-reported unprotected anal intercourse among men who have sex with men in Changsha city of Hunan province,China

Men who have sex with men (MSM) in China are highly susceptible to HIV infection and HIV prevalence among Chinese MSM is rapidly increasing in recent years. Unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) is a major contributing factor of HIV transmission. This study aims to identify factors associated with UAI among MSM in Changsha city, China. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 642 MSM in Changsha city from July 2009 to June 2011 via a venue-based sampling method. Data on socio-demographic characteristics, sexual behaviours and utilisation of HIV/AIDS services were collected to determine the associates of UAI in MSM. Among the 642 MSM, 184 (28.7%) reported having UAI with male partners at the last sexual episode. UAI was associated with the venues where MSM met other MSM, and having unprotected sex with female partners at last the sexual episode and in the past six months. In addition, UAI was significant associated with not being exposed to HIV interventions, including free condom, lubricant, HIV testing and counselling, and peer education. MSM who have UAI practice are more likely to have unprotected sex with female; hence, potentially bridging HIV to the general female population. Specific harm-reduction programmes are shown to have significant impacts in reducing UAI and should be scaled up among MSM in China.     

Relationship of sex steroid hormones with bone mineral density (BMD) in a nationally representative sample of men

Objective Sex steroid hormones influence bone mineral density (BMD) in women, but are less well‐studied in men. We evaluated the association of serum total and free sex steroid hormones and SHBG with osteopaenia in a nationally representative sample of men aged 20–90 years. Design BMD and sex steroid hormones were measured among participants in NHANES III, a cross‐sectional study of the US population. Population A total of 1185 adult men in morning examination session of Phase I of NHANES III (1988–91). Measurements Relation of oestradiol (E₂), testosterone, and SHBG concentrations with BMD. Osteopaenia was defined as 1–2·5   SD below the mean for white men aged 20–29 years. Results Men in the lowest quartile of free E₂ had 70% increased odds (OR = 1·69, 95% CI 0·95–2·98) of osteopaenia compared with men in the highest quartile. Men in the lowest quartile of free testosterone had nearly four times the odds of osteopaenia than those in the highest quartile (OR = 3·82, 95% CI 1·87–7·78). Lower concentrations of SHBG appeared protective against osteopaenia (P‐trend = 0·01). Neither total testosterone nor total E₂ was associated with BMD, although men with clinically low E₂ (< 20 ng/l) had lower BMD (0·930 g/cm², 95% CI 0·88–0·98) than men with normal‐range E₂ (1·024 g/cm², 95% CI 1·01–1·04; P = 0·004). Findings for free E₂ were most pronounced among elderly men, while the findings for free testosterone were most pronounced among younger men. Conclusions In this nationally representative study, men with lower free E₂, lower free testosterone, and higher SHBG concentrations in circulation were more likely to have low BMD.     

江苏省血吸虫病诊断参比实验室建立与运行进展

目的　建立江苏省血吸虫病诊断参比实验室，评价参比实验室的作用与检测能力。方法　按照国家血吸虫病诊断参比实验室建设要求，开展江苏省血吸虫病诊断参比实验室建设，并参加国家血吸虫病诊断参比中心的实验室室间比对，对江苏省基层实验室血吸虫病检测能力进行评估。结果　江苏省血吸虫病诊断参比实验室组织结构、环境条件、管理和质量体系等符合国家血吸虫病诊断参比实验室建设要求，获得了省级血吸虫病诊断参比实验室准入资质。在由国家血吸虫病诊断参比中心组织的6次实验室室间比对活动中，各检测项目的定性和定量检测结果与参考品均完全一致（Kappa值 = 1），检测能力评定等级均为优秀。对4个基层实验室的426份血清样本进行了间接血凝试验（IHA）检测复核，各实验室检测结果的平均符合率为94.13%（92.08%～96.25%），平均Kappa 值为0.85（0.83～0.86），平均漏检率为10.19%（0～17.65%）。结论　江苏省血吸虫病诊断参比实验室已成功建立并有效运行，对提高全省血吸虫病检测质量和能力提升发挥了积极作用。