子宫肌瘤中血管内皮生长因子及孕激素受体的表达

目的:研究血管内皮生长因子及孕激素受体在子宫肌瘤和正常子宫肌层中的表达及其在肌瘤发展中的作用.方法:应用免疫组织化学SP法检测40例子宫肌瘤组织和相应子宫肌层组织中血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)及孕激素受体(PR)表达.结果:子宫肌瘤血管内皮生长因子阳性率为77.5%,孕激素受体阳性率为87.5%,相应子宫肌层组织阳性率分别为12.5%、37.5%.两组间比较有显著性差异(P<0.05),血管内皮生长因子及孕激素受体表达之间存在明显关联性(P<0.01).结论:子宫肌瘤的发生发展可能与血管内皮生长因子及孕激素受体有关.     

血管内皮生长因子及受体与卵巢癌

肿瘤血管生成与肿瘤的增殖、侵袭和转移密切相关，在众多影响肿瘤血管生成的因子中，血管内皮生长因子(Vascular endothelial growth factor，VEGF)及受体的研究倍受人们关注，本文就二者与卵巢癌的关系作一简要综述。     

肿瘤中血管内皮生长因子受体的表达

血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial cell growth factor,VEGF)是肿瘤血管生长的最主要调节者.VEGF通过与VEGF受体的结合,介导其生物学功能.flt-1与flk-1/KDR是VEGF的两个高亲和的受体,不同的受体可介导VEGF不同的生物学功能.本文对VEGF受体的结构与特性,VEGF受体在肿瘤标本、肿瘤细胞系、内皮细胞与裸鼠皮下接种肿瘤动物模型中的表达以及VEGF受体表达的调控等方面作一综述.     

儿童急性白血病骨髓细胞中血管内皮生长因子及其受体的表达

  目的 探讨血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）及其受体（VEGFR）在儿童急性白血病（AL）患者骨髓中的表达,分析其在化疗前后的变化。方法 采用免疫组化S-P法检测53例AL患儿治疗前后以及对照组骨髓中VEGF／VEGFR（包括Flt-1和KDR两种）变化,分析其与临床特征的关系。结果 VEGF,Flt-1,KDR在AL患儿骨髓中表达水平高于对照组。VEGF,Flt-1,KDR的表达于化疗达完全缓解（CR）后下调;化疗后未获得CR患儿VEGF,Flt-1,KDR的表达在化疗前后差异无统计学意义。骨髓中VEGF,Flt-1,KDR的表达水平在不同年龄、性别、有无髓外浸润间差异无统计学意义。结论 VEGF,Flt-1,KDR在儿童AL中呈高表达,化疗后表达明显降低,说明VEGF可能作为评价儿童AL化疗反应的指标。     

血管内皮生长因子及其受体在白血病中的表达及作用

血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)及其受体的表达,在白血病细胞的增殖和存活中发挥了重要作用.几乎所有类型的白血病均可见VEGF及其受体的表达,VEGF及其受体与白血病的预后及分期等密切相关.     

卵巢肿瘤组织中血管内皮生长因子及其受体表达与临床病理的关系

目的:探讨卵巢肿瘤组织中VEGF表达及其受体与临床病理的关系。方法:对54例卵巢恶性肿瘤、14例卵巢良性肿瘤和16例正常卵巢组织采用免疫组织化学方法测定其VEGF及受体蛋白表达,并分析与临床病理的关系。结果:1)恶性肿瘤组织中VEGF及其受体蛋白表达阳性率明显高于良性肿瘤和正常卵巢组织,均有显著性差异(P<0.01)。2)恶性肿瘤内的VEGF表达阳性率与临床分期无明显相关(P>0.05)。但VEGF受体蛋白表达阳性率在晚期患者组织中明显高于早期患者(P<0.05)。3)VEGF受体表达阳性与其患者的腹水量、大网膜转移和盆腹腔淋巴结转移阳性呈正相关(P<0.05)。4)恶性肿瘤组织中VEGF及其受体蛋白共表达阳性者的平均总生存期明显低于不表达者。Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析显示,二者累积生存率有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:恶性肿瘤组织中的VEGF及其受体蛋白阳性表达明显增高,其受体表达与患者的临床分期、腹水量、大网膜和盆腹腔淋巴结转移相关,VEGF及其受体蛋白共表达为卵巢癌患者的不良预后。     

血管内皮生长因子及其受体在喉鳞癌中的表达

目的探讨血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）及其受体Fit-1及KDR在喉鳞癌生长、转移过程中的作用及机制。方法采用Western—blotting法和RT-PCR法检测20例喉鳞癌组织及18例癌旁组织中VEGF、Fit-1及KDR的蛋白和mRNA的表达水平。结果VEGF、Fit—1及KDR蛋白和mRNA在喉鳞癌组织中的表达分别为4．32±2．21、2．00±0．91,1．20±0．55、0．29±0．31,2．50±1．69、0．85±0．28,差异有统计学意义（均P〈0．01）;VEGF、Flt-1及KDR蛋白和mRNA在颈淋巴结转移组与非颈淋巴结转移组差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）;VEGF与KDR在喉鳞癌及癌旁组织中的表达水平之间呈正相关（P〈0．01）,而VEGF与Flt-1在喉鳞癌组织中的表达水平之间则无相关性（P〉0．05）。结论VEGF及其受体Flt-1、KDR参与了喉鳞癌新生血管增生过程,与喉鳞癌的生长、浸润和淋巴结转移密切相关,KDR是喉鳞癌组织中VEGF发挥作用的重要受体。     

血管内皮生长因子及其受体与肿瘤

1971年,Folkman等首先提出了控制肿瘤生长新途径的设想——抗血管生成治疗。在众多的血管生长因子中,能够特异地刺激血管内皮细胞的是血管内皮生长因子(vascularendothelialgrowthfactor,VEGF)。最早于1989年由Ferrara和Gispharowiz等分别在牛脑垂体滤泡星状细胞体外培养液中分离提纯,它可与血管内皮细胞的相应受体结合,刺激血管内皮细胞的增殖,同时还可促进血管内物质的泄漏,为血管内皮细胞的迁移和肿瘤细胞的转移提供基质[1]。大多数肿瘤细胞均表达较高水平的VEGF,特别是由于VEGF的生物活性与实体瘤的生长密切相关。VEGF与肿瘤的…     

血管内皮生长因子受体在恶性肿瘤中的研究进展

血管内皮生长因子受体（VEGFR）是血管内皮生长因子的特异性受体，包括VEGFR-1、VEGFR-2、VEGFR-3、神经纤维因子-1及神经纤维因子-2。前三者是酪氨酸激酶亚家族的成员之一，具有特征性的胞外区和酪氨酸激酶区，通过与相应的VEGF结合刺激血管内皮细胞增殖、迁移、促进新生血管的生成，与机体多种常见肿瘤的发病和转移有着密切的关系。本文就VEGFR家族成员、基因结构及其与肿瘤的关系做一系统综述。     

大肠癌血管内皮生长因子及其受体的表达和临床意义

目的　探讨血管内皮生长因子 (VEGF)及其受体 (KDR)在大肠癌组织中的表达及其与临床特征之间的关系 ,为通过阻断VEGF及其受体KDR的作用治疗大肠癌提供依据。方法　应用免疫组织化学SABC法检测 6 8例大肠癌组织和癌旁组织VEGF及KDR蛋白的表达 ,2 0例正常组织作对照。结果　 2 0例正常组织中未发现VEGF及KDR的表达 ,6 8例大肠癌组织中VEGF表达阳性率为 5 5 .9%( 38/6 8) ,KDR表达阳性率为 45 .6 %( 31/6 8) ,均明显高于癌旁组织 ( 11.8%,8/6 8;8.8%,6 /6 8) (P <0 .0 1)。大肠癌组织VEGF及KDR的表达与肿瘤浸润深度、淋巴结转移、远处转移、血管侵犯、Dukes′分期密切相关 ,而与组织学分型无关。VEGF和KDR的表达密切相关。结论　VEGF及其受体KDR在大肠癌的生长、进展和转移中起了重要作用。     

Colorectal carcinoma cell production of transforming growth factor beta decreases expression of endothelial cell vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2

BACKGROUND:

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling is a target for antiangiogenic cancer therapy. The authors have previously observed that up to 40% of vessels in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) tumors are negative for VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) expression. Differential activity of transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β) is a potential contributor to this receptor heterogeneity because TGF‐β contributes to both angiogenesis and CRC tumor progression.

METHODS:

The authors analyzed VEGFR2 expression by Western blotting, and TGF‐β expression in endothelial and CRC cell lines, respectively. In addition, they immunostained endothelial cells in CRC xenografts to find an association between VEGFR2 and TGF‐β levels or activity.

RESULTS:

In bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs), TGF‐β1 significantly repressed VEGFR2 protein in a time‐dependent and dose‐dependent fashion (P < .05). Serum‐free conditioned media from various malignant human CRC cell lines (HCT116, 379.2, Dks8, and DLD1) induced down‐regulation of VEGFR2 in BAECs. This effect was proportional to the total levels of TGF‐β1 and TGF‐β2 and was blocked by SB‐431542 and SD‐208, TGF‐β receptor I inhibitors. Immunofluorescence staining of subcutaneous mouse xenografts of HCT116, 379.2, Dks8, and SW480 cells revealed vessels with an inverse relationship between TGF‐β activity and VEGFR2 expression. Oxygen and bone morphogenetic protein 9 levels were shown to modulate TGF‐β–induced VEGFR2 down‐regulation.

CONCLUSIONS:

In combination with other factors, TGF‐β may contribute to the vascular heterogeneity in human colorectal tumors. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.     

宫颈癌中VEGF-C及其受体mRNA的表达及其临床意义

背景与目的：血管内皮生长因子C（vascular endothelial growth factor C，VEGF-C）是一个较为特异的淋巴内皮细胞生长刺激因子，通过其受体VEGFR-2（KDR）及受体VEGFR-3（Flt-4）分别作用于血管和淋巴管上皮促进肿瘤的生长和转移。研究宫颈癌组织及癌旁组织中血管内皮生长因子C及其受体mRNA的表达情况，分析其在肿瘤转移中的作用。方法：采用RT-PCR法分析48例新鲜宫颈癌组织及癌旁组织标本中VEGF-C／KDR／Flt-4mRNA的表达情况，并分析其与各临床病理参数之间的关系。结果：48例宫颈癌组织与瘤旁组织中的VEGF-C及其受体mRNA表达率明显高于正常宫颈组织，肿瘤组织中VEGF-C mRNA表达与flt-4 mRNA的表达呈显著正相关，癌旁组织（PT）中VEGF-C mRNA表达与KDR mRNA的表达显著相关（P〈0．001）。宫颈癌组织的VEGF-C、KDR或Flt-4 mRNA表达与肿瘤的病理类型及临床病理分期无明屁的相关；而与肿瘤的病理分化程度、淋巴结转移、肿瘤直径、深肌层浸润间差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论：VEGF-C可能在宫颈癌转移尤其是淋巴转移中起重要作用，是一个反映患者淋巴转移和预后的良好指标。     

子宫内膜样腺癌血管内皮生长因子的表达情况及临床意义

目的 探讨子宫内膜样腺癌血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的表达情况及临床意义.方法 采用免疫组织化学方法检测49例子宫内膜样腺癌、10例不典型增生子宫内膜及10例正常子宫内膜标本中的VEGF表达情况,同时检测子宫内膜样腺癌组织中雌激素受体(ER)及孕激素受体(PR)的表达情况,分析VEGF阳性表达率与各临床病理参数的关系.结果 子宫内膜样腺癌组织、不典型增生子宫内膜组织和正常子宫内膜组织的VEGF阳性表达率比较,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05);子宫内膜样腺癌组织的VEGF阳性表达率高于正常子宫内膜组织(P﹤0.05).病理分级和临床病理分期是子宫内膜样腺癌组织VEGF阳性表达的独立因素(P﹤0.05).结论VEGF在子宫内膜的恶性转变和细胞分化中发挥重要作用,在判断子宫内膜样腺癌的恶性程度和患者预后评价方面具有一定的价值.     

血管内皮生长因子在人脑胶质瘤中的表达及意义

目的研究人脑胶质瘤中血管内皮生长因子(vascularendothelialgrowthfactor,VEGF)的表达及临床病理意义.方法应用SABC免疫组化技术检测67例人脑胶质瘤、8例正常脑组织中VEGF表达.结果VEGF仅在肿瘤组织中表达,阳性表达率为83.6%,而在正常脑组织中无表达.VEGF与胶质瘤恶性程度(P<0.01)及肿瘤复发(P<0.01)相关.结论胶质瘤细胞能分泌VEGF,VEGF表达与肿瘤复发及预后有关.     

VEGFR-2 在肿瘤血管生成中的作用及其研究进展

新生血管生成（angiogenesis）是指从预先存在的毛细血管以出芽方式形成新的血管的过程。人体的多种生理和病理过程都涉及了新生血管生成包括胚胎发育、月经周期、伤口愈合、肿瘤、风湿性关节炎和糖尿病视网膜病变等。而在新生血管生成的过程中,血管内皮生长因子受体-2（Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2,VEGFR-2）起着及其关键的作用。本文就VEGFR-2的结构、功能、在信号转导中的作用及可能的应用前景作一介绍。对VEGFR-2的深入了解,有助于我们设计包括新生血管生成在内的生理和病理过程的干预策略。     

Significance of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/soluble VEGF receptor-1 relationship in breast cancer

Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, is controlled by a balance between positive and negative endothelial regulatory factors. Soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (sVEGFR1), a naturally occurring soluble form of VEGFR1, is a negative counterpart of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway, which has been characterized as one of the most important endothelial regulators in human tumor angiogenesis. In our study, we examined the expression of sVEGFR1 in 110 primary breast carcinomas, and assessed its clinical significance. Ninety-four of 110 tumors showed > or = 0.1 ng/mg protein of sVEGFR1 (range:0. 1-6.9 ng/mg protein; median: 1.03 ng/mg protein) as determined by a specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Immunoblot analysis confirmed the presence of sVEGFR1 in breast tumor tissues. The levels of sVEGFR1 were correlated significantly with the levels of VEGF. There was no significant correlation between the levels of sVEGFR1 and any clinico-pathological factors including age, menopause, nodal involvement and hormone receptor status. A univariate prognosis analysis showed that the intratumoral VEGF status, as determined by ELISA, was a significant prognostic indicator, but sVEGFR1 status was not. In the combined analysis, however, the ratio of sVEGFR1 and VEGF levels provided more statistically significant prognostic value than VEGF status alone. Tumors in which the sVEGFR1 levels exceeded VEGF levels 10-fold had a markedly favorable prognosis. Multivariate analysis also demonstrated that the ratio of sVEGFR1 and VEGF was an independent prognostic indicator after nodal status. In conclusion, sVEGFR1, an intrinsic inhibitor of VEGF, frequently co-expressed with VEGF in primary breast cancer tissues. The intratumoral balance between sVEGFR1 and VEGF levels might be crucial for the progression of breast cancer.     

Lenvatinib in combination with golvatinib overcomes hepatocyte growth factor pathway‐induced resistance to vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitor

Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) inhibitors are approved for the treatment of several tumor types; however, some tumors show intrinsic resistance to VEGFR inhibitors, and some patients develop acquired resistance to these inhibitors. Therefore, a strategy to overcome VEGFR inhibitor resistance is urgently required. Recent reports suggest that activation of the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) pathway through its cognate receptor, Met, contributes to VEGFR inhibitor resistance. Here, we explored the effect of the HGF/Met signaling pathway and its inhibitors on resistance to lenvatinib, a VEGFR inhibitor. In in vitro experiments, addition of VEGF plus HGF enhanced cell growth and tube formation of HUVECs when compared with stimulation by either factor alone. Lenvatinib potently inhibited the growth of HUVECs induced by VEGF alone, but cells induced by VEGF plus HGF showed lenvatinib resistance. This HGF‐induced resistance was cancelled when the Met inhibitor, golvatinib, was added with lenvatinib. Conditioned medium from tumor cells producing high amounts of HGF also conferred resistance to inhibition by lenvatinib. In s.c. xenograft models based on various tumor cell lines with high HGF expression, treatment with lenvatinib alone showed weak antitumor effects, but treatment with lenvatinib plus golvatinib showed synergistic antitumor effects, accompanied by decreased tumor vessel density. These results suggest that HGF from tumor cells confers resistance to tumor endothelial cells against VEGFR inhibitors, and that combination therapy using VEGFR inhibitors with Met inhibitors may be effective for overcoming resistance to VEGFR inhibitors. Further evaluation in clinical trials is warranted.