肛管直肠恶性黑色素瘤的诊治进展

目的：探讨肛管直肠恶性黑色素瘤的诊治进展，方法：复习相关文献并对本病病因，临床特点，早期诊断，治疗及预后作一综述报告。结果：肛管直肠恶性黑色素瘤是一种发病率很低的恶性肿瘤，发病原因可能与良性黑痔史，HIV感染，太阳光照射有关，主要症有便血，局部肿块，大便习惯改变等，早期诊断主要依赖对45－80岁的高危发病人群进行常规直肠检查，CEA多克隆抗体标记阳性在病理诊断中有一定帮助，治疗方法现存在争议，多主张在手术治疗（腹会阴联合切除或局部广泛切除）的基础上辅以化疗，放疗或免疫治疗。结论：肛管直肠恶性黑色素瘤早期诊断困难，预后差，应提高警惕，最佳治疗方法还有待进一步探讨。     

直肠肛管恶性黑色素瘤的诊治

目的 探讨直肠肛管恶性黑色素瘤的临床表现、诊断、治疗及预后。方法 回顾性分析了1981－1996年我科诊治的直肠肛管恶性黑色素瘤6例，并进行随访。结果 6例患者肿块位于齿状线附近，肉眼观为紫黑色或褐色，均行手术治疗，其中2例行Mile′s术，2例行后盆腔清扫术，1例行经肛门肿块局部扩大切除术，1例行剖腹探查术，所有患者手术时均已有淋巴结或肝脏转移。6例患者于确诊后5－23个月死亡，平均存活14．7个月。结论 直肠肛管恶性黑色素瘤恶性度极高，死亡率高，较早发生淋巴和血行转移，宜采用根治手术辅以化疗及生物治疗的综合性治疗。     

肛管直肠恶性黑色素瘤3例报告

肛管直肠恶性黑色素瘤临床上较为少见,易误诊,预后极差。1996年12月至1997年11月广西医科大学第一附属医院肛肠外     

肛管直肠恶性黑色素瘤的诊治进展

肛管直肠恶性黑色素瘤（anorectalmalignantmelanoma,ARMM）是一种非常罕见且预后极差的恶性肿瘤。ARMM发病率低,缺乏特异性临床表现,容易误诊。单纯常规病理学检查不易诊断ARMM,免疫组化联合S-100蛋白、HMtM5、Vimentin的检测有助于诊断。目前,胃肠道肿瘤的治疗多采用外科手术、放疗、化疗及靶向治疗等综合治疗方式,而ARMM对放化疗敏感性较差,因此外科手术切除仍为本病的主要治疗手段。作者通过查阅近年来有关ARMM的国内外文献报道,对该病的生物学特性、诊断和治疗进展进行综述,以期对其进一步研究及临床诊治有所助益。     

直肠恶性黑色素瘤1例

患者女，70岁，因大便带脓血1月余，于2003年8月16日入院。患者于1月前无明显诱因地出现大便带脓血，为暗红色血液，伴大便次数增多，每天达5次左右，大便能成形，伴肛门下坠感，无腹痛、腹胀，无发热，无明显消瘦。体格检查：全身浅表淋巴结不肿大，心肺正常，腹部无肿块，直肠指诊：     

4例肛管直肠恶性黑色素瘤临床报告

肛门直肠恶性黑色素瘤是源自上皮组织的肿瘤，在肛门直肠区少见，据统计其发生率＜１％。在人体黑色素瘤中居皮肤、眼睛发病率之后为等三位。我院１９８０年至今共收治肛门直肠恶性黑色素瘤４例，现报告如下。１临床资料病例１，王某某，男，８０岁，便血１个月伴肛内肿物脱出。指诊距肛缘３．５ｃｍ，左前有一个１．５ｃｍ×１．５ｃｍ肿物，基底似有蒂、中等硬，可活动，左后有一个０．５ｃｍ×０．５ｃｍ、光滑、软活动的肿物，乙状结肠镜检报告：瘤状内痔，乳头肥大。病理报告：恶性黑色素瘤，拒绝手术。病例２，穆某某，男．４０岁，便…     

直肠肛管恶性黑色素瘤25例报告

我院自1975年以来共收治直肠、肛管恶性黑色素瘤(ＭｅｌａｎｏｍａｏｆｔｈｅＡｎｏｒｅｃｔａｌＲｅｇｉｏｎ)25例,报告如下。一、临床资料1.一般资料:我院1975年6月～1996年末收治的直肠肛管恶性黑色素瘤25例,男性11例,女性14例,年龄22～75岁。占本院同期收治全部肛管直肠恶性肿瘤2557例的098%。瘤灶位于直肠下部21例,位于肛管部4例。2.检查及诊断:本组病例均依靠肛门直肠检查发现直肠、肛管内肿瘤,经病理形态学检查最后明确诊断。单纯临床检查发现色素沉着而初步诊断者仅13例,占52%。而其它的超声、ＣＴ等辅助检查的意义在于发现转移瘤灶…     

肛管直肠恶性黑色素瘤1例报告

患者女性,7l岁。因下腹部坠胀感伴大便次数增多2个月,便血1个月于2 0 0 3年5月2 6日入院。查体:腹股沟淋巴结未触及肿大。肛门视诊:肛缘有一黑痣,呈斑片状,略高出皮肤。直肠指诊:于肛管前壁距肛缘约2 5cm处有一球形肿块,大小约3 0cm×2 0cm×2 0cm ,质硬,无触痛,基底与顶部之间有蒂相连,基底固定,且与阴道壁粘连。辅助检查:CAl9 9、CEA均为阴性。阴道超声提示:该实性肿块内呈低回声伴有小透声区,局部层次消失,与阴道壁分界不清晰,范围1 2cm ,彩色多普勒显示肿块血管丰富。纤维电子结肠镜提示:于肛管前壁见一3 0cm×2 0cm×2 0cm大小…     

肛管直肠恶性黑色素瘤（附6例分析）

原发性肛管直肠恶性黑色素瘤(简称恶黑),是一种高度恶性肿瘤,近年来国内外有不少报道,因本病常易被误诊而延误治疗,故要提高警惕。1983年至1994年间,我们门诊     

原发性肛管直肠恶性黑色素瘤的生物治疗

目的总结原发性肛管直肠恶性黑色素瘤生物化学治疗的效果。方法对我院1997—2006年确诊的肛管直肠恶性黑色素瘤（ARMM）患者的临床病理资料和治疗结果进行回顾性分析。结果本组14例患者,11例接受腹会阴联合切除术（APR）,其中单纯接受APR术的5例患者生存时间4．5～12．0（平均6．9）个月;6例术后采用生物化疗者生存时间3．0～24．0（平均12．0）个月。另外3例除生物化疗外分别予以局部扩大切除、乙状结肠造瘘术和未手术,生存时间分别为11、10和54个月。结论对于ARMM患者手术后使用生物化学辅助治疗能够延长患者的生存时间。     

Primary Malignant Melanoma of Maxillary Gingiva

Malignant melanoma of maxillary gingiva is a rare clinical entity. Mucosal melanoma is more aggressive than cutaneous form and carries comparatively poorer prognosis. High index of suspicion is required for diagnosing malignant melanoma of oral cavity. Any pigmented lesion in the oral cavity should be taken seriously by the clinician.     

Primary Malignant Melanoma of the Oesophagus

Primary malignant melanoma arising in the oesophagus is a rare condition with a dismal prognosis. The diagnosis is often made following surgical resection even though the endoscopic features may be pathognomonic. The classical treatment is oesophagectomy even though the advanced disease stage at the time of presentation and aggressive biological behaviour of the tumour usually results in a fatal outcome. We report the case of a male patient initially diagnosed with squamous oesophageal carcinoma and treated with conventional neo-adjuvant chemo-radiotherapy. Poor clinical and radiological response resulted in a review of the original histology confirming a diagnosis of primary malignant melanoma of the oesophagus. The subsequent alteration in management conferred the patient an improved quality of life. A short review of the literature on primary malignant melanoma of the oesophagus supplements this case report.     

Primary Noncutaneous Malignant Melanoma of the Breast

Primary noncutaneous breast melanoma without an apparent skin primary lesion is uncommon. Its pathogenesis is debated with some authors believing that it is a metastatic disease from an undiscovered primary or a primary that has since completely regressed but it may be a true primary tumor arising from ectopic melanocytes. We present a case of a V600E BRAF mutation‐positive primary noncutaneous breast melanoma diagnosed at an early stage in a screening mammogram as a solitary breast lesion without nodal involvement. Considerations of treatment of this rare disease are discussed.     

Malignant Melanoma of the Kidney Presenting as a Primary Tumor

We report a case of malignant melanoma of the kidney presenting as a primary tumor. This tumor was found incidentally in a 74-year-old woman. The patient underwent a right radical nephrectomy, and has been living tumor free for 2 years and 3 months. This is the first reported case of primary renal malignant melanoma. We discuss the probability that this tumor is renal in origin and directly linked to the origin of malignant melanoma.     

Primary Malignant Melanoma of the Small Intestine: a Case Report

The small intestine is the most common site of gastro-intestinal metastasis from cutaneous malignant melanoma. A primary origin at this site has been reported in rare cases. We report a case of a 71-year-old man with a primary malignant melanoma in the jejunum. The patient presented with weakness, weight loss, non-specific abdominal pain and episodes of fainting. After clinical examination, laboratory evaluation and radiological work-up, which included CT of the abdomen, the patient was diagnosed with a tumour mass in the jejunum. This diagnosis was confirmed at laparotomy. The patient underwent enterectomy with wide excision of the tumour. A primary malignant melanoma of the small intestine is an extremely rare neoplasm.

A definite diagnosis can only be made after a thorough investigation has been made to exclude the co-existence of a primary lesion elsewhere. Curative resection of the tumour remains the treatment of choice.     

Primary Malignant Melanoma of the Small Intestine: Report of a Case

The small intestine is the most common site of gastrointestinal (GI) metastases from cutaneous malignant melanoma; however, primary malignant melanoma originating in the small intestine is extremely rare. We report the case of a 72-year-old man found to have a primary malignant melanoma in the ileum. The patient presented with anorexia, weight loss, diffuse colicky abdominal pain, and episodic rectal bleeding. A preoperative diagnosis of a small intestinal tumor was based on the findings of enteroclysis and computed tomography scanning. This diagnosis was confirmed at laparotomy and an enterectomy was performed. Histopathological examination of the resected specimen clarified the exact nature of the lesion, confirming the diagnosis of melanoma. A thorough postoperative investigation did not reveal a primary lesion in the skin, anus, oculus, or any other location. Thus, we diagnosed this tumor as a primary lesion. One year after his operation, the patient remains well without any evidence of recurrence. Primary malignant melanoma of the small intestine is an extremely rare lesion, which must be differentiated from other intestinal tumors. Received: August 6, 2001 / Accepted: March 5, 2002     

Primary Oesophageal Malignant Melanoma

Introduction  

Primary oesophageal malignant melanoma is an extremely rare disease. While this aggressive tumour is generally considered to have a dismal prognosis, long-term survival can be achieved by radical resection in selected cases.     

Malignant melanoma of the anorectum: report of four cases

Four cases of anorectal malignant melanoma are reported in this paper. All patients underwent an abdominoperineal resection with lymph node dissection for a curative operation and received postoperative chemotherapy with dacarbazine, ranimustine, and vincristine, either with or without interferon-β. One of these patients has been observed for more than 6 years postoperatively without any evidence of recurrence. The other three patients had advanced diseases at the time of diagnosis, and died within 3 years after operation. The prognosis of anorectal malignant melanoma is considered to be directly related to tumor size and depth. Therefore, a staging system and treatments based on the tumor size and depth (or thickness) are needed. Received: March 28, 2001 / Accepted: November 20, 2001     

低位直肠肛管癌保留肛门的外科治疗

分别用经肛门根治性局部切除、前切除、拖出术治疗70例低位直肠及肛管瘤.全组术后1年、3年、5 年生存率分别为97.1%、87.6%、84.9%,5例局部复发、2例局部复发合并远处转移、7例远处转移.结果表明,部分低位直肠肛管癌施行上述保留肛门的手术治疗,可获得根治效果.对三种术式的理论依据、手术适应证及手术注意事项进行了分析讨论.     

Defining the Role of Surgery for Primary Gastrointestinal Tract Melanoma

Objective The objective of the study was to determine the outcomes for primary gastrointestinal melanomas (PGIM). Material and methods The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (1973–2004) was queried. Results Overall, 659 cases of PGIM were identified. The annual incidence of PGIM was approximately 0.47 cases per million in 2000. Overall median survival time was 17 months. Tumors were identified in the oral–nasopharynx (32.8%), anal canal (31.4%), rectum (22.2%), esophagus (5.9%), stomach (2.7%), small bowel (2.3%), gallbladder (1.4%), and large bowel (0.9%). Univariate analysis demonstrated age, tumor location, stage, surgery, and lymph node status were significant predictors of improved survival. MST has not been reached for tumors located in the large bowel, while tumors located in the stomach demonstrated the shortest median survival (5 months). Improvement in MST was observed for those patients undergoing surgical resection. The presence of lymph node involvement conferred a poorer prognosis. Multivariate analysis of the cohort identified that location, advanced tumor stage, failure to undertake surgical resection, positive lymph node status, and age were all independent predictors of poorer outcome. Conclusion PGIM occurs most often in the oral–nasopharynx and anal canal. Surgical extirpation is the only identifiable treatment modality that significantly improves survival.