A novel double-channel therapeutic endoscope ("R-scope") facilitates endoscopic submucosal dissection of superficial gastric neoplasms

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIM: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a new and radical treatment for superficial gastrointestinal neoplasms that provides high rates of en bloc resection compared with treatment by conventional mucosal resection. However, ESD is a complex procedure that is associated with long operating times and a higher complication rate. This feasibility study assessed the use of a novel double-channel therapeutic endoscope for performing en-bloc ESD in order to assess whether the procedure time could be shortened. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The therapeutic endoscope we used (the "R-scope") is equipped with a multibending system and has two movable instrument channels: one moves a grasping forceps vertically for lesion countertraction; the other swings a cutting knife horizontally for dissection. Twenty consecutive patients (18 men, 2 women; mean age 63 years, range 54 - 80 years) with superficial gastric neoplasms in the distal two-thirds of the stomach underwent resection of their tumor by ESD using the R-scope. Forty size- and location-matched gastric neoplasms resected by conventional ESD were reviewed retrospectively for the purposes of comparison. RESULTS: The rates of curative en-bloc resection, complications, and local recurrence using the two ESD methods were comparable. The mean +/- SD operating time was significantly shorter for ESD using the R-scope than for conventional ESD (57.9 +/- 29.7 minutes vs. 92.8 +/- 58.9 minutes, P = 0.016). CONCLUSION: The R-scope appears to shorten the operating time of ESD with comparable efficacy and complication rates.     

内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗早期胃癌及癌前病变的疗效分析

目的探讨内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)治疗早期胃癌及癌前病变的疗效和风险。方法对2011年6月-2016年12月甘肃省武威肿瘤医院内镜中心经ESD治疗的206例早期胃癌及癌前病变患者的临床病理和随访资料进行总结,评价ESD治疗的一次性完整切除率、并发症发生率、复发转移率和临床疗效。结果 206例患者中早期胃癌157例(76.21%),其中m1 39例(24.84%)、m2 17例(10.83%)、m3 92例(58.60%)、sm1 4例(2.55%)、sm2 3例(1.91%)、基底部有癌肿累及2例(1.27%),胃腺管癌84例(53.50%)、中分化腺癌61例(38.85%)、乳头状腺癌5例(3.18%)、胃黏液腺癌2例(1.27%)、胃低分化腺癌5例(3.18%);高级别上皮内瘤变41例(19.90%);绒毛状管状腺瘤伴低级别上皮内瘤变8例(3.88%)。ESD整块切除率为99.03%(204/206),完整切除率为98.06%(202/206),组织学完整治愈率为98.06%(202/206)。术后迟发性出血7例(3.40%),术中穿孔5例(2.43%),术后出现贲门狭窄2例(0.97%),均予保守治疗出院。随访时间9~67个月,第3和5年以上病灶复发3和2例,第3和5年总复发率分别为3.53%和4.35%;第3和5年以上死亡各2例,3和5年生存率分别为97.65%(83/85)和95.65%(44/46)。结论 ESD治疗早期胃癌及癌前病变是一种简便、安全、疗效肯定的方法,临床值得推广。     

内镜下绝缘头电切刀行直肠肿瘤黏膜下层剥离术

目的使用绝缘头电切刀行直肠肿瘤黏膜下层剥离术,以求切除一次性大于1.5cm的肿瘤。方法使用绝缘头电切刀(Insulation-tipped,IT)对12例直肠肿瘤(平均病变范围为3.4cm)行黏膜下层注射美蓝肾上腺素液,再用IT刀进行黏膜下层剥离术。结果12例直肠肿瘤均被完整切除,病理结果为绒毛腺管状腺瘤并中度或重度不典型增生,其中4例癌变,基底无残留癌灶。术中1例发生小动脉破裂出血,给予钛夹止血,达到止血目的,该组无穿孔者。结论IT刀可顺利进行直肠肿瘤完整黏膜下层剥离术。     

内镜黏膜下剥离术与外科手术治疗早期胃癌的有效性及安全性的Meta分析

目的内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)与外科手术是早期胃癌(EGC)的常用治疗方法,但其相关风险及获益目前仍存在争议,该研究旨在比较两种治疗方法在治疗EGC的有效性、安全性等方面的差异。方法检索1990年1月-2016年6月发表在Pubmed、CBM、Embase、Cochrane Library、中国知网数据库、维普数据库及万方数据库的有关ESD与外科手术治疗EGC对比研究的所有中英文文献,根据纳入和排除标准对搜索的相关文献进行二次筛选,并对纳入的研究进行质量评价,采用Revman 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果总共有12篇文献符合纳入标准,且均为回顾性队列研究,共涉及4 331个研究对象。Meta分析的结果显示:ESD与外科手术相比,复发率[(22/2 586,0.85%)vs(6/1 134,0.53%),P=0.370]及5年生存率[(852/909,93.72%)vs(707/746,94.77%),P=0.340]差异无统计学意义,虽然外科手术在整块切除率方面稍高于ESD组[(99/99,100.00%)vs(95/103,92.23%),P=0.020],但是外科手术组的手术时间[标准化均数差(SMD)=-3.04,95%CI:-3.64~-2.45,P=0.000]及住院时间(SMD=-2.53,95%CI:-3.73~-1.32,P=0.000)比ESD组延长,且术后并发症增多[(45/816,5.50%)vs(101/686,14.72%),P=0.000]。结论对于EGC的治疗,两种治疗方法在复发率及5年生存率方面无明显差异,虽然ESD组在整块切除率上不及外科手术组,但其具有创伤小、手术时间短、术中及术后并发症少、住院时间短且恢复快等显著优势,可作为EGC的首选治疗方法。     

Endoscopic submucosal dissection for early gastric cancers and large flat adenomas

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIM: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a new diagnostic and treatment technique for early gastric cancer (EGC). The present study aims to identify the technical feasibility, operation time, and complications associated with ESD. METHODS: We reviewed the patients who underwent ESD for EGCs at Maebashi Red Cross Hospital. RESULTS: There were 160 patients with 171 EGCs treated by ESD. The mean age was 71.4 +/- 8.9 years (median 72). The rate for one-piece resection with tumor-free margins was 94.2 % (161/171), and was 93.2 % (82/88) for large lesions (> 20 mm) and 92.1 % (35/38) for ulcerative lesions. The median operation time was 80 min (range 10-600 min). Evidence of immediate bleeding was found in 2.9 % (5/171), delayed bleeding was seen in 7.6 % (13/171), and perforation was observed in 3.5 % (6/171) of the lesions. All patients with complications, including perforation, were successfully treated endoscopically. There were no local or distant metastases in the lesions which met our indication criteria for ESD. CONCLUSION: The present study shows the technical feasibility of ESD, which provides the capability of one-piece resection even in large and ulcerative lesions.     

内镜黏膜下剥离治疗消化道肿瘤性病变临床观察

目的 探讨内镜黏膜下剥离治疗消化道肿瘤性病变的价值.方法 胃镜、肠镜发现的较大直径消化道肿瘤性病变应用内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)治疗,包括标记、黏膜下注射、边缘切开、剥离病灶及创面处理.结果 50例消化道肿瘤性病变患者,因出血终止操作1例,余49例患者顺利完成ESD治疗,所有病灶均1次完整切除;术中出血少,使用钛夹止血2例,术后无迟发出血.无穿孔发生.随访病灶目前均无复发.结论 内镜黏膜下剥离术不仅能切除较大病变,还能提供完整的病理学诊断治疗,与传统手术方法相比,具有微创治疗的优越性.     

Endoscopic submucosal dissection using a novel grasping type scissors forceps

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) with a knife is a technically demanding procedure that is associated with a high complication rate. The shortcoming of this method is the difficulty in fixing the knife to the target lesion. This difficulty can lead to unexpected incision, resulting in major complications such as perforation and bleeding. To reduce the risk of complications related to ESD, we developed a new grasping type scissors forceps (GSF), which can grasp and incise the targeted tissue using an electrosurgical current. The ESD procedure using the GSF was carried out in an animal model (resected porcine stomachs in vitro). After marking the lesion and injecting a solution into the submucosa, the lesion was separated from the surrounding normal mucosa following complete incision around the lesion using the GSF. A piece of submucosal tissue was grasped and cut with the GSF using an electrosurgical current to achieve submucosal exfoliation. ESD using the GSF was carried out safely and easily without unintentional incision. ESD using GSF appears to be an easy, safe, and technically efficient method for resecting gastrointestinal neoplasms.     

A new technique for endoscopic submucosal dissection for early gastric cancer using an external grasping forceps

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for early gastric cancer (EGC) has improved the success rate of en-bloc resection. We report here on a new technique using an external grasping forceps. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 25 patients with suitable EGCs over 10 mm in diameter located in the gastric body were enrolled. After submucosal injection followed by circumcision of the lesion with a needle-knife, an external grasping forceps was introduced with the help of a second grasping forceps and anchored at the distal margin of the lesion. With gentle oral traction applied with this forceps, the lesion was dissected endoscopically in retroversion from the aboral side. RESULTS: The mean lesion size was 15.0 mm (range 10 - 25 mm). Using the technique described, all lesions could be resected en bloc with free margins. The mean procedure time was 45 min (range 30 - 80 minutes). No significant bleeding requiring blood transfusion or perforation occurred. CONCLUSIONS: This technical modification may simplify and shorten the gastric ESD procedure, except for lesions in distal locations, without compromising the efficacy.     

内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗早期胃癌及癌前病变36例临床分析

目的评估内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)治疗早期胃癌(EGC)及癌前病变的有效性和价值。方法该院消化医学中心2012年1月-2014年1月36例EGC及癌前病变,共43处病灶,行ESD治疗,其中31处重度不典型增生、11处黏膜内癌、1处黏膜下癌。病变7处位于上段胃、15处中段胃及21处下段胃。内镜分型包括:Ⅰ(7)、Ⅱ_a(14)、Ⅱ_b(4)、Ⅱ_c(11)、Ⅱ_a+Ⅱ_c(4)及Ⅱ_c+Ⅱ_a(3)。结果完整切除率93.0%,治愈性切除率90.7%。病灶平均直径3.4 cm(1.3~7.5 cm),1例病变R1切除,3处病变ESD术中穿孔使用金属夹封闭成功,1例迟发性出血内镜下止血成功,1例追加外科手术。无1例发生严重并发症。结论 ESD治疗EGC具有较高的完整切除率和治愈性切除率。     

内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗胃癌前病变及早期癌的三年疗效评价

目的评价内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)治疗胃癌前病变和早期癌的远期疗效。方法对2006年6月至2009年6月在复旦大学附属中山医院内镜中心经ESD治疗的153例早期胃癌和癌前病变患者的临床病理和随访资料进行总结,分析ESD治疗的一次性完整切除率、并发症发生率和远期疗效。结果 153例患者中包括早期胃癌26例(17%),高级别上皮内瘤变67例(43.8%),低级别上皮内瘤变60例(39.2%);ESD一次性整块切除率为98.0%(150/153),一次性完整切除率为94.8%(145/153),组织学完整治愈率为94.8%(145/153)。术中穿孔5例(3.3%),术后迟发性出血9例(5.9%),均予保守治疗治愈;ESD术后3年内病变复发3例,总复发率为2.1%(3/140);140例患者获得随访,随访率为91.5%,随访时间11～54(35.1±22.8)个月;死亡1例,3年生存率为99.3%(152/153)。结论 ESD治疗胃癌前病变和早期癌是一种安全、远期疗效肯定的方法,值得推广。     

Endoscopic submucosal dissection for residual/local recurrence of early gastric cancer after endoscopic mucosal resection

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is a widely accepted treatment for early gastric cancer; however, incomplete resection with residual local disease and recurrences continues to be a difficult problem. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for residual/local recurrent early gastric cancer lesions after EMR. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The en bloc resection rate, histologically complete resection rate, complications, and local recurrence were assessed in 15 patients who underwent ESD for residual/local recurrent early gastric cancer lesions after EMR. RESULTS: The nonlifting sign after injection of a glycerin solution was positive due to scar formation in all cases. En bloc resection was attempted in all cases, with a complete resection rate of 93.3 % (14 of 15). The lesion was completely resected with histologically adequate margins in the 14 patients who received complete en bloc resection. The average operation time was 85.4 +/- 52.9 min, and the mean follow-up period for all patients was 18.1 +/- 7.4 months. Major bleeding during the procedure in one case was the only complication (one of 15, 6.7 %). None of the patients experienced recurrence of early gastric cancer after ESD. CONCLUSIONS: ESD appears to be a safe and effective treatment for residual/local recurrent early gastric cancer lesions after EMR, and it is useful for histological confirmation of successful treatment.     

Grasping-forceps-assisted endoscopic submucosal dissection using a novel irrigation cap-knife for large superficial early gastric cancer

The technique of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) needs special skills and involves a long procedure. We therefore developed a new type of dissection knife, the irrigation cap-knife (the Kume cap-knife attachment, which uses a fixed snare), that facilitates ESD by just sliding over the muscle layer with a coagulating current. The ESD procedure using the irrigation cap-knife was performed in seven patients with intramucosal gastric cancer. The tumor was separated from the surrounding normal mucosa using the insulated-tip knife. Submucosal dissection was then performed by pushing our device along the muscle layer while applying a coagulating current, at the same time as a grasping forceps, deployed through the accessory channel, was used to push the lesion away from the muscle layer. The rate of en bloc resection was 100% (7/7). The irrigating cap-knife was extremely useful for ESD of large intramucosal cancers in the stomach.     

内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗老年早期上消化道肿瘤的效果

目的 探讨内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗老年上消化道早期肿瘤的疗效.方法 收集安徽医科大学附属安庆医院消化内科2017年3月至2019年10月收治的67例老年上消化道早期肿瘤患者的临床资料,患者入院后均行内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD),术后跟踪随访,评估内镜治疗的术前术后病理结果、并发症发生率、病灶整块切除率、住院时间、术后残留及复...     

食管早癌内镜下黏膜剥离术后追加手术及放疗的握判

目的初步探讨食管早癌内镜下黏膜剥离术(ESD)后追加手术及放疗的评判依据。方法回顾性分析2009年7月-2015年10月,该院消化科112例行ESD治疗的食管早癌患者临床资料、术后病理结果及术后随访结果。结果随访期内共有7例患者进一步治疗,其中追加食管癌根治手术3例;贲门癌根治术1例,术后淋巴结阳性再次追加化疗;追加ESD术1例;放疗2例。7例患者肿瘤浸润至上皮内层(m1)和黏膜下层上1/3(sm1)各3例,浸润至黏膜肌层(m3)者1例。1例患者病理提示脉管内转移,随访13个月胃镜检查局部无复发,但CT提示腹腔淋巴结转移,随访16个月后死亡。另有1例浸润深度达m1的高级别上皮内瘤变(HGIN)患者,垂直及水平切缘均为阴性,随访7个月局部无复发,但CT提示肝及腹膜后淋巴结转移。结论术前准确判断癌灶浸润深度及有无淋巴结转移是决定患者治疗方式的重要依据;术后评估病灶是否达到了治愈性切除,随访有无局部复发及淋巴结、远处转移则决定是否需要追加手术及放疗。