富锌培养对姬松茸生长代谢的影响

研究了锌对食药用菌姬松茸生长代谢的影响,考察了姬松茸耐锌能力和富集能力以及锌对姬松茸多糖和氨基酸代谢的影响.结果表明:液体培养姬松茸对锌的最适富集质量浓度为300mg/L,在锌质量浓度为300 mg/L以内,锌对姬松茸菌丝量、多糖、氨基酸均有促进作用.锌的有机化分析表明82.2％的ZnSO4在姬松茸菌丝内以有机锌的形式存在,氨基酸分析结果显示,富锌后菌丝体和发酵液必需氨基酸含量与对照相比分别提高了12.3％和3.6％.     

海参多肽、多糖综合提取工艺条件的优化

从综合利用海参各种营养成分的角度，研究了利用酶解法制备海参多肽的同时分离纯化海参多糖的工艺。通过正交实验得出利用A．S1398精制中性蛋白酶综合提取海参多肽和多糖的最优酶解条件：加水量为鲜海参质量的6倍，加酶量为鲜海参质量的1．0%，温度30℃，水解时间6h。在该条件下多肽得率为12．0％，多糖得率为2．68％，水解度为30．35％。     

姬松茸多糖的分离纯化及其对白血病细胞的抑制作用

姬松茸子实体经热水提取，乙醇沉淀，DEAE－纤维素和SephadexG-200柱分离纯化，得ABP-Ⅱ-α和ABP-Ⅱ-β两种纯多糖。研究了两种多糖对体外人白血病细胞的抗癌作用.结果表明,两种多糖对人白血病细胞均有不同程度的抑制作用，并与作用时间和作用剂量呈正相关.     

灰树花深层发酵菌丝体多糖的酶法提取及其抗肿瘤作用

对灰树花深层发酵菌丝体多糖的酶法提取工艺及其抗肿瘤作用进行了研究 .结果表明 :利用复合酶法处理并结合热水浸提 ,缩短了提取时间 ,且能显著提高多糖的提取率 ,多糖提取率达7.4 % ,效果优于其他浸提方法 .动物体内实验证明 ,腹腔注射菌丝体多糖对小鼠移植性肿瘤S180有明显的抑制作用 ,抑制率达 57.6 %～ 6 6 .7% .     

水溶性蛋白聚糖AP-1的分离纯化和鉴定

利用人工栽培的姬松茸子实体干品 ,经热水提取 ,乙醇沉淀 ,蛋白酶法和Sevag法相结合去蛋白 ,H2 O2 脱色 ,DEAE SephadexA 2 5和SephadexG 2 0 0柱纯化 ,得到姬松茸蛋白聚糖AP 1 .葡聚糖凝胶柱层析分析表明 ,该蛋白聚糖为均一物质 ,相对分子质量为 1 2 4 0 0 0 .紫外扫描表明有核酸和蛋白质的特征吸收峰 .红外扫描显示有典型的多糖吸收峰 .纸层析和气相色谱分析表明 ,其单糖组成为葡萄糖、甘露糖、半乳糖以及核糖 ,其物质的量之比 (摩尔比 )为 1 .1 9∶0 .56∶0 .4 3∶0 .54.     

雪莲水溶性多糖提取工艺的研究

雪莲多糖是一种水溶性的功能性天然多糖,作者比较了料液比、温度、提取时间等因素对新疆雪莲组织培养物中雪莲多糖提取率的影响。结果表明,雪莲水溶性多糖的最佳提取工艺条件为料液比为1 g∶12 mL,温度85℃,时间2 h.粗多糖最大得率为7.08%。此粗多糖总糖质量分数为15.37%,从糖含量的角度,新疆雪莲组织培养物提取的粗多糖是野生雪莲提取的粗多糖的优良替代物品。     

山药粗多糖的提取工艺

对鲜山药中水溶性粗多糖的提取工艺进行了研究,通过单因素试验和L9（34）正交试验,研究了料液比、提取温度、时间和乙醇体积分数对粗多糖得率的影响,极差分析及方差分析结果表明提取温度和料液比是影响山药粗多糖提取的主要因素,较优的工艺为料液比1 g：9 mL,温度50 ℃,时间2.5 h,乙醇体积分数75%,在此工艺条件下,鲜山药粗多糖得率为0.2449%（以鲜山药质量计）.     

红曲霉发酵产胞外多糖工艺的优化

研究了碳源、氮源和无机盐对红曲霉Y 7产多糖的影响 ,优化并确定了产胞外多糖的培养基组成 :麦芽糖 6 0 g/L ,蛋白胨 2 .5g/L ,磷酸二氢钾 4 g/L ,硫酸镁 0 .5 g/L ,氯化钙 0 .6 g/L .研究了油脂对胞外多糖的影响 ,并确定棕榈油的添加量为 0 .2 g/dL .在 5 0 0mL的三角瓶装培养基 75mL ,接种量 15 % ,种子液种龄 2 4h ,培养温度 33℃ ,摇床转速 2 2 0r/min ,培养 96h .在上述条件下生物量干重为 1.4 2 g/dL ,发酵液胞外多糖产量可达 3.2 4 g/L ,比初始条件高出 2 .5倍 .     

灵芝菌丝体胞内多糖提取工艺的优化

通过响应面分析（ＲＳＡ）法,优化了灵芝菌丝体胞内多糖的热浸提条件,提取温度为９５℃,时间为３．５ ｈ,湿菌体与水的量比值为１∶２．５,此时胞内多糖提取率达到最大值,为１０．５ｇ／ｋｇ．     

谷氨酸菌体中核酸类物质的提取

研究了谷氨酸菌体中核酸提取的工艺条件 ,获得了较好效果 .在 12 0℃ ,pH 9,菌体质量浓度 10 g/dL的条件下 ,提取 2h ,蛋白质的分离率为 90 % ,核酸的提取率高达 90 %以上 .     

Characteristics of the receptors in the isolated capsule of the hip in the cat

Summary The properties of the afferent fibres from the capsule of the hip joint have been studied in the cat in situ, in relation to joint rotation, and in an isolated capsule preparation which was opened and stretched directly with an actuator.In situ two types of afferent fibres were found, those having a full range of sensitivity and others having only a limited range in response to the joint rotation. When studied in isolated tissue the afferent fibres of the capsule were uniform in threshold and sensitivities, and no full range receptors were found. We conclude that the full range receptors which enter the articular nerve of the hip are spindle afferents and not capsule receptors. On the basis of these and previous results in animals and man the role of joint receptors in kinaesthesia and position sense is discussed.

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Résumé Les auteurs ont étudié les propriétés des nerfs afférents à la capsule de la hanche, chez le chat en imprimant à l'articulation des mouvements de rotation et sur des préparations de capsule isolée et ouverte en l'étirant directement grâce à un dispositif mécanique.In situ, on a trouvé deux types de nerfs afférents, les uns ayant en réponse à la rotation articulaire une étendue complète de sensibilité et les autres seulement une sensibilité limitée. Sur la capsule isolée les nerfs afférents sont indentiques en ce qui concerne le seuil et la sensibilité et on ne trouve aucun récepteur complet. On en conclut que les récepteurs de toute l'étendue de la sensibilité qui pénètrent les nerfs articulaires de la hanche sont des fibres en fuseau d'origine musculaire et non des récepteurs capsulaires. Sur ces bases et sur les résultats précédemment obtenus chez l'animal et chez l'homme, les auteurs discutent le rôle des récepteurs articulaires dans la cénesthésie et le sens des positions.

     

On the measurement of the functional properties of the CFTR

A number of methods are currently employed to assess the functional properties of CFTR channels and their response to pharmacological potentiators, correction of the defective CFTR trafficking, and vectorial introduction of new proteins. Here we review the most common methods used to assess CFTR channel function. The suitability of each technique to various experimental conditions is discussed.     

缺血后处理对保护皮瓣的作用机制研究

目的：缺血后处理已经在心、肾等器官上广泛应用,进行相关研究进一步探究缺血后处理对皮瓣有否保护作用。方法：健康成年新西兰大白兔,分为3组。A组为给予缺血后处理;B组为再灌注前5min给予A2A阻滞剂SCH58261＋缺血后处理。C组,直接应用微血管夹阻断腹壁浅血管持续缺血6h后,恢复正常血供。分别进行中性粒细胞浸润,MPO含量和皮瓣存活率检测。结果：新西兰大白兔完全存活。B、C组相比较,中性粒细胞计数以及MPO含量也未见统计学差别（P〉0.005）。实验组皮瓣存活面积比较,B与C相比较,无统计学意义（P〉0.005）,但是A与B、C相比较,上述指标两两之间都有统计学意义差别（P〈0.005）。结论：缺血后处理对皮瓣再灌注损伤有保护作用,该作用可能和A2A受体性质有关。     

带蒂皮瓣蒂部及供瓣区处理方法的改进

目的介绍带蒂皮瓣蒂部及供瓣区封闭方法及临床应用。方法临床应用102例患者,带蒂皮瓣切取后,供瓣区直接缝合或采用邻近皮瓣修复,然后将供受区创缘缝合串联在一起,再将带蒂皮瓣转位覆盖。结果术后带蒂皮瓣成活良好。供瓣区直接缝合者86例,采用邻近皮瓣修复供瓣区者16例9,9例（97.1%）所有切口均一期愈合。结论采用本方法有利于供瓣区的封闭及皮瓣成活,操作简单,后期较为美观。     

The Measurement of the Inclination Angle of the Hamate and Analysis of the Inclination Angle for the Rotation Deformity of the Little Finger in the Fixation of the Carpometacarpal Joint

ObjectiveComplex base fractures of the fifth metacarpal bone and dislocation of the fifth carpometacarpal joint are more prone to internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence after fixation with a transarticular plate. In the past, we have neglected that there is actually a certain angle of external rotation in the hamate surface of transarticular fixation. This study measured the inclination angle of the hamate surface relative to the fifth metacarpal surface for clinical reference.MethodsIn a prospective single‐center study, we investigated the tilt angle of 60 normal hamates. The study included thin‐layer computed tomography (CT) data from 60 patients from the orthopaedic clinic and inpatient unit from January 2017 to March 2020, including 34 men and 26 women who were 15~59 years old, average 35 years old. The CT data of 60 cases in Dicom format of the hand was input into Mimics and 3‐Matics software for three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction and measuring the angle α between hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface. According to the possible placement of the transarticular plate on the fifth metacarpal surface, we measured the angle β between the hamate surface 1 and the fifth metacarpal surface and the angle γ between the hamate surface 2 and the fifth metacarpal surface.ResultsThe average angle between the hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface was 11.66°. The hamate surfaces 1 and 2 have an external rotation angle of 7.30° and 7.51° on average with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface, respectively. There is no statistically significant difference in the angles between the two groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe horizontal angle of the dorsal side of the hamate is different from the back of the fifth metacarpal surface, and the hamate has a certain external rotation angle with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface. No matter how the transarticular plate is placed, the plate always has a certain external rotation angle relative to the fifth metacarpal surface. When the fixation is across the fifth carpometacarpal joint, if the plate does not twist and shape, it will inevitably cause internal rotation of the fifth metacarpal, resulting in internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence.     

胫骨平台骨折与膝关节功能关系的研究

目的探讨胫骨平台骨折复位后的骨折位置情况与膝关节功能的关系。方法对46例胫骨平台骨折患者治疗前后进行螺旋CT三维重建检查,了解关节面损伤、复位情况并作出相应的影像学评分（包括胫骨平台移位程度评分、损伤面积评分、粉碎程度评分、总评分）,治疗后6、12、18个月随访并对膝关节功能进行评价。将影像学评分与膝关节功能评分进行相关性分析。结果胫骨平台骨折移位程度评分为15.09分±2.19分,损伤面积评分为3.60分±0.98分,粉碎程度评分为2.18分±0.21分,总评分为20.55分±3.91分。膝关节功能评分为27.7分±3.14分。结论在胫骨平台骨折中,就骨折因素而言,膝关节的功能与平台治疗后整个的位置情况相关。在膝关节稳定情况下,胫骨平台一定范围的骨折移位（塌陷或增宽〈10 mm）在近期内对膝关节的功能影响不大。     

国产与进口6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4注射液容量治疗疗效和安全性的对比研究

目的 与进口6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4注射液进行对比性研究,评价国产6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4注射液的有效性及安全性.方法 患者随机分为研究组123例,对照组117例,术中输注研究药物或对照药物10 ml·kg-1·h-1,输注时间 2 h,期间观察患者生命体征,记录液体出入量与合并用药,比较术前和输注后血常规、血电解质、凝血功能、肝肾功能、尿常规指标变化;并记录术中不良事件发生与处理.结果 两组患者用药期间BP、HR、SpO2均能维持正常,BP和HR的变化率两组间差异无统计学意义.两组患者术中出入量、应用血管活性药物及应用血液制品人数与用量组间差异无统计学意义.输注后两组Hct、Hb下降幅度一致,血K+、Na+略低于应用前,血Cl-高于应用前,血糖有升高,PT、APTT时间延长,TT时间略缩短.肝功能ALT、AST超过正常值1.5倍的两组各有4例.肾功能BUN、Cr研究组有11例,对照组7例高于正常.结论 国产6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4注射液用于全麻下非心脏外科手术患者术中容量治疗扩容效果安全可靠,与进口6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4注射液作用相似.     

The Central Role of the Nose in the Face and the Psyche: Review of the Nose and the Psyche

Background According to statistics released by the American Society of Plastic Surgeons in 2006, rhinoplasty is one of the most sought after aesthetic surgeries by ethnic patients and teenagers. It also is the most requested aesthetic operation by patients with body dysmorphic disorder. The psychosocial aspect of rhinoplasty is undeniable. Tagliacozzi in 1567 and Joseph more than a century ago were already aware of this aspect. Methods Using the terms “rhinoplasty,” “patients selection,” “psychological aspect,” and psychological outcome,” 30 studies were selected through searches of the MEDLINE, PUBMED, and EMBASE databases,. This review aimed to analyze how the most acknowledged experts of psychology, facial plastic surgery, and plastic surgery who have worked on the psychological outcome for rhinoplasty during the past century considered the nose–psyche relationship and the influence of rhinoplasty at the psychological level. Results The link between rhinoplasty, psychology, and social environment has been discussed by many important authors during the past century. All of them, independently of their field of study, have stressed that it is critical for surgeons to be aware of their responsibility regarding both the physical and emotional levels. There is evidence that an official preoperative interview is lacking. Conclusions To recognize the importance of rhinoplasty’s psychological implications, it is critical to make a good selection of patients seeking this operation and to have a good outcome. To this end, the preoperative interview is fundamental. Surgeons should be competent at both the psychological and surgical levels.     

超量扩张皮肤的血流量改变与安全性的实验研究

目的通过动物实验，研究不同扩张量的皮肤血流量的变化与皮瓣存活的关系。方法以小型猪（香猪）为动物模型，实验分为7组：①1／2注水量组；②3／4注水量组；③注水满量组；④注水量超50％组；⑤注水量超100％组；⑥埋置扩张器不扩张的延迟对照组；⑦正常皮肤的空白对照组。测量不同注水量时皮肤的血流量及其波幅的变化和皮瓣成活的长度，进行比较和统计学分析。结果随着注水量的增加，扩张皮肤的血流量和皮瓣的成活长度均增加，但微血管的运动波和不稳定性亦同时增加。尤其是超量注水100％后，皮肤的血流量和皮瓣的成活长度反而下降。结论在皮肤软组织扩张术中，适度的超量扩张能增加任意型皮瓣的成活长度，增加修复缺损的面积。但过度扩张，注水量超过100％时皮瓣的成活反而下降，影响修复的效果。     

眼轴线后部眶容积值的CT测量

目的:通过对20例头颅标本后部眼眶填砂CT扫描测量和量筒测量的对比,观察CT影像测量的精确度;进一步应用CT影像技术测定正常成年人后部眶容积正常值。方法:从备用的20例颅骨标本中随机选择5例标本进行2mm层厚、13组不同窗宽和窗位组合的CT冠状扫描测量后部眼眶容积并与量筒直接测量法进行对比,选择出误差最小、最精确的窗宽和窗位组合,以此组合对所余颅骨标本的后部眼眶容积进行扫描,将所得值和量筒直接测量值进行比较研究。对30例(男15、女15)正常成年人(年龄24～45岁)后部眶容积值进行测量。结果:20具颅骨标本后部眼眶CT测量法平均值为(15.91±1.62)ml,量筒直接测量法为(15.87±1.70)ml,两种方法对比无明显差别(P>0.05);量筒直接测量法左眼为(16.04±1.84)ml,右眼为(15.70±1.62)ml,左、右眼无显著性差异(P>0.05);正常人男性后部眶容积值为(18.58±1.47)ml、女性为(16.84±1.53)ml,统计学上有显著性差异(P<0.01);左眼为(17.70±1.74)ml,右眼为(17.72±1.73)ml,无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:采用三维螺旋CT测量标本眼眶中砂子体积时,窗宽和窗位1600HU和500HU为最佳组合;左、右眼后部眶容积值无明显差异;三维螺旋CT是测量眼眶容积值的一种精确、可靠的测量方法。依据患者的健侧眼眶和正常人的后部眼眶容积值对患侧眼眶的眶容积做出判定,以指导眼眶疾病的早期诊断、病情预测和治疗。