EGSB反应器处理高浓硫酸盐废水

研究在负荷为20 kg COD/(m3.d)正常运行的EGSB(Expanded Granular Sludge Bed)反应器中,处理高浓硫酸盐废水。经过一个月左右的驯化,在进水COD为4 000 mg/L的条件下,进水SO42-质量浓度可提升至约1 800 mg/L,获得了9 kg SO42-/(m3.d)的运行能力。较高的有机负荷使得产气量较大随之带来明显的气提效应,再加上较高的上升流速所产生的良好的气固分离效果,使得气相中的硫元素含量较高,达到了质量分数43.8%。硫酸盐还原菌所能达到的最大电子流比重为31.4%,对应的最低COD/SO42-值约为2.0。EGSB反应器内溶解性硫化物与相应的自由硫化氢质量浓度为255 mg/L和102 mg/L,未对SRB与产甲烷菌产生任何毒性。     

出水回流对HABR处理印染废水效能的影响研究

文章采用中试规模复合式厌氧折流板反应器(HABR)对印染废水进行处理,研究了出水回流对HABR处理印染废水效能的影响,重点考察了回流比对污染物去除效果的影响和不同回流比下污染物的去除规律。试验结果表明,随着回流比(R)的增大,反应器中的污泥层高度逐渐增大,CODCr和色度去除率分别可达63.0%和55.6%。     

两级厌氧工艺处理酒精废液的工业化研究

研究了工业规模两级上流式厌氧污泥床反应器（３００ｍ３）在不同温度、不同运行方式下对酒精废液的处理效能．结果表明，将一级高温上流式厌氧污泥床与一级中温上流式厌氧污泥床反应器串联，系统出水水质最佳．当进水ＣＯＤ值为２１０００～２５７００ｍｇ／Ｌ，有机负荷７ｋｇ／（ｍ３·ｄ）左右，系统出水ＣＯＤ值可降低到１５００ｍｇ／Ｌ以下     

EGSB反应器中SRB污泥颗粒化的工艺条件

采用小试规模的EGSB反应器,接种厌氧絮状污泥,培养出SRB颗粒污泥并研究了SRB颗粒污泥形成的工艺条件与影响因素。研究表明,进水SO4^2-负荷、碳氮磷源、COD与SO4^2-质量浓度比、反应器的启动方式、水力负荷、微量元素、H2S、pH、温度等是影响SRB污泥颗粒化的主要工艺条件。     

UASB厌氧氨氧化反应器启动研究

采用一套有效容积为3．2L的UASB反应器，接种普通城市污水处理厂污泥浓缩池污泥，以自配合NH4^＋N和NO2^-N的废水为进水，对ANAMMOX反应过程的启动和运行特征进行了研究．结果表明：进水溶解氧质量浓度为2．7～3．2mg／L，反应器的启动经历了污泥适应期、ANA-MMOX活性表现期及ANAMMOX活性提高期3个阶段，在反应器运行的第119天，NH4^＋N和NO2^-N的去除率分别为96．6％，75．4％，成功启动了厌氧氨氧化过程．在将NH^＋-N浓度从50mg／L提高到70mg／L，使进水中NH4^＋N比NO2^-N为1：1．32时，NH4^＋N、NO2^--N、TN的去除率分别达到了99．9％，99．9％和91．2％．ANAMMOX反应过程中，去除的NH4^＋-N、NO2^--N和生成的NO3^--N的比例表现为1：1．54：0．30．pH出水高于进水，稳定在8．4左右．碱度进、出水变化不大．获得的具有厌氧氨氧化活性的污泥为褐色，并在反应器的下部形成了褐色颗粒污泥．运行表明，容积负荷、反应区温度对ANAMMOX反应的稳定运行产生明显影响．     

好氧颗粒污泥的形成及其性质

综述了好氧颗粒污泥的研究进展 ,包括好氧颗粒污泥的基本特征和微生物相、好氧颗粒污泥形成的主要条件及其颗粒化过程、好氧颗粒污泥反应器等 .好氧颗粒污泥是近几年发现的在好氧条件下自发形成的细胞自身固定化颗粒 ,具有良好的沉淀性能、较高的生物量和在高容积负荷条件下降解高浓度有机废水的良好生物活性 .颗粒化过程是一个多阶段的过程 ,取决于废水组成、操作条件和适当的选择压等因素 .SBR反应器 (SequencingBatchReactor)有利于好氧颗粒污泥的形成     

啤酒废水脱氮工艺优化运行的工程研究

采用上流式厌氧污泥床反应器(UASB)+A2O的组合工艺,处理啤酒废水工程表明,UASB厌氧出水通过补加部分啤酒原废水作为脱氮碳源,将C/N控制在15.20以上,氮的去除率可达70％～98％;在控制合理的C/N条件下,可以大幅度降低甚至停掉内回流,脱氮效果仍然很明显,其出水TN维持在5 mg/L以下;反硝化段采用立式紊流搅拌的方式,氮的去除率可达68％～98％,脱氮效果理想.     

厌氧污泥无载体颗粒化技术

高效上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)反应器能否成功运行的关键在于颗粒污泥的培养。作者对在(UASB)反应器中颗粒污泥的培养技术、营养条件和环境因素进行了较为详细的研究,并从物理学和生物学的角度对颗粒污泥的特性进行了分析和探讨,最后进行了颗粒污泥(UASB)反应器运行性能的研究。研究结果表明,实验室可在65天的时间内培养得到具有良好沉降性能和高活性的颗粒污泥,这种颗粒污泥其内部结构极为合理;装有颗粒污泥的UASB反应器是一种非常高效稳定的废水厌氧处理装置。     

采用EGSB-MBR组合系统处理生活污水

采用有效容积为150 L的膨胀颗粒污泥床(EGSB)反应器和 400 L的一体式膜生物反应器(MBR)新型组合系统处理生活污水,首先通过模拟废水实验确定反应器的水力停留时间(HRT),在此基础上进行组合系统处理生活污水的中试研究,考察EGSB MBR组合系统处理生活污水的技术可行性. 结果表明,在温度 30 ℃、EGSB 水力停留时间为 0 8 h、混合液悬浮固体量(MLSS)在28 5 g/L,MBR的HRT为 2 h、MLSS 为 10 g/L、DO为 2 mg/L时,系统运行稳定,COD和NH3—N去除率分别为95%以上和90%以上,色度去除率大于 90%,悬浮固体(SS)和浊度几乎可以完全去除,出水水质优于城市污水再生利用———城市杂用水水质标准,同时组合系统污泥产量低,可大大减少污泥处理处置费用,是一项高效、节能的新型城市污水资源化技术.     

厌氧折流板反应器中消化过程模型的研究

本文对厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)中内部处理过程、相分离特性以及流体流动模型进行了较为详细的研究,对反应器处理酒糟废水的效能也进行了初步探讨。研究结果表明,ABR具有很高的去除水中SS的能力,其内部存在相分离现象,流体流动模型对单个液相间隔区为单级全混流,整个反应器为串联多釜。ABR对水质的改善表明,它将是第二代厌氧反应器用于处理高SS含量废水的一种有效预处理装置。     

头面部致伤部位与颈髓过伸伤的相关分析

目的探讨头面部不同撞击位置对颈髓过伸损伤严重程度的影响,并分析其治疗方法和疗效。方法回顾性分析1999年1月～2004年1月收治的41例无骨折脱位颈髓损伤患者的病历资料,所有患者外伤位置主要在前额、颊部或下颌部。用ASIA法对患者在入院初期及出院后6个月时脊髓的神经功能进行评估。结果前额受伤20例,住院初期神经功能：B级4例,C级11例,D级5例；6个月后：C级1例,D级11例,E级8例。烦部伤12例,住院初期神经功能：B级1例,C级4例,D级7例；6个月后：C级1例,D级2例,E级9例。下颌部伤9例,住院初期神经功能：B级5例,C级3例,D级1例；6个月后：B级2例,C级5例,E级2例。经过治疗后6个月复查,神经功能在C级以下者9例,其中7例是下颌区受伤；2例脊髓功能为B级经治疗后没有改善者均为下颌致伤。结论外力作用于下颌部致颈髓过伸伤较作用于额部或颊部更严重。对无骨折脱位颈髓过伸伤者合理选择非手术或手术治疗均可得到满意的治疗效果。     

Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion for cervical radiculopathy and myelopathy

Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion is indicated for the operative treatment of either cervical radiculopathy orcervical myelopathy. This article discusses the indications for the procedure, as well as the advantages of this approach, compared with foraminotomy, laminectomy, as well as laminoplasty. The operative technique is described in detail, as well as the results and complications.     

慢性前列腺炎诊治中值得关注的几点问题

慢性前列腺炎是泌尿外科最常见的疾病之一,患病率高．治愈率低,易于复发。世界各地报道患病率不同,患暂症状多变。目前,该病病因不明,发病机制不清．缺乏大家公认的诊断标准,治疗方案与疗效判断也存在争议。正确对待慢性前列腺炎．不仅是患者的事情．而且对泌尿外科医生也至关重要。     

激光加臭氧联合治疗椎间盘源性下腰痛初步研究

目的：评价联合应用经皮穿刺激光加臭氧对椎间盘源性下腰痛的治疗效果。方法：椎间盘源性下腰痛患者48例,男32例,女16例;年龄21～66岁,平均43.5岁;病程6个月以上。所有病例均在X线电视导向下联合应用经皮穿刺激光髓核消融加臭氧治疗。结果：术后随访无严重并发症发生。根据Macnab腰腿痛手术评价标准,术后1周时优8例,良28例,可8例,差4例,优良率75%;3个月时优17例,良23例,可6例,差2例,优良率83.3%;6个月时优20例,良22例,可4例,差2例,优良率87.5%;12个月时优21例,良22例,可4例,差1例,优良率89.6%。结论：联合应用经皮穿刺激光加臭氧治疗椎间盘源性下腰痛的疗效确切。     

Postburn contracture treatment: a healthcare project in Bangladesh

Over the last 6 years, a health care program aimed at the surgical correction of postburn contractures has taken place in Faridpur, Bangladesh. People in this rural region are very poor and often cannot afford medical treatment. Often secondary flexion contractures of the face and chin as well as the upper and lower extremity impede daily functioning and have an enormous psycho-social impact. The application of basic plastic surgical principles such as local transposition of skin flaps as well as skin grafts restores function dramatically and results in stable skin cover. It is quite challenging - both for the surgeon and the anaesthesiologist - to perform these operations within a rather limited infrastructure. In Bangladesh, there is a monumental need for correction of postburn contractures for the social needs of the patient as well as for functional purposes. Future actions should be directed to the training of surgeons and the development of specialized hospitals to demonstrate social as well as political commitment to health care programs.     

Endothelial cell protection in xenotransplantation: looking after a key player in rejection

The endothelium, as an organ at the interface between the intra- and extravascular space, actively participates in maintaining an anti-inflammatory and anti-coagulant environment under physiological conditions. Severe humoral as well as cellular rejection responses, which accompany cross-species transplantation of vascularized organs as well as ischemia/reperfusion injury, primarily target the endothelium and disrupt this delicate balance. Activation of pro-inflammatory and pro-coagulant pathways often lead to irreversible injury not only of the endothelial layer but also of the entire graft, with ensuing rejection. This review focuses on strategies targeted at protecting the endothelium from such damaging effects, ranging from genetic manipulation of the donor organ to soluble, as well as membrane-targeted, protective strategies.     

Seminoma With Bronchial Involvement and Superior Vena Cava Syndrome: A Rare Combination

We describe the case of a 45-year-old male who was admitted with clinical signs of superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS). Physical examination showed collar of Stokes and extensive collateral circulation in the neck and anterosuperior thoracic region, as well as a large testicular mass. Fibrobronchoscopy revealed an endobronchial tumor, histopathologically diagnosed as seminoma, with the same characteristics as the testicular biopsy. Treatment was initiated with surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, resulting in a major clinical improvement. We indicate the importance of considering SVCS as an entity related with less common neoplasms such as germ cell tumors.     

Assessment of three year experience of a strategy for patient selection and timing of operation in the management of acute thoracic and lumbar spine fractures: a prospective study

Summary Background. The purpose of this article is to report experience gained over three years of the use of a protocol for patient selection and timing of operation for acute thoracic and lumbar fractures. Method. At admission, all patients underwent neurological and imaging exams. All patients with a spinal cord lesion scored as ASIA A at any level inferior to T10 and as ASIA B, C or D at any level, were categorized as emergency and operated on within eight hours from trauma. ASIA A cases in the T1–T10 tract and ASIA E cases at any level were treated in the ordinary operative work schedule. Findings. Ninety-four patients with surgically treated lumbar or thoracic fractures took part in this study. On the imaging studies, 12 patients were classified as A, 50 as B and 32 as C following the AO classification. At the neurological exam, 39 patients were scored as ASIA A, nine as B, six as C, two as D and 38 as E. At follow-up, of the 39 patients scored as ASIA A, 13 (33%) improved at least one grade and of the 17 scored as ASIA B, C or D, 11 (64.7%) improved. None of the 38 patients scored as ASIA E deteriorated. Conclusions. The findings show that the strategy in the protocol was safe and followed by satisfactory rates of neurological outcome. Larger prospective studies, preferably randomized, are needed to establish definitively its place in the management of patients with spinal injury.     

超声造影对肝脏局灶性病变误诊分析

目的 探讨肝脏局灶性病变的CEUS误诊原因.方法 回顾性分析与病理结果不符的40例肝脏病变的CEUS特征,分析其误诊原因.结果 40例CEUS误诊病例中,14例病理诊断为肝细胞性肝癌(HCC),其中4例误诊为局灶性结节增生,3例误诊为血管瘤,4例误诊为肝硬化结节,1例误诊为肝脓肿,2例误诊为良性病变,其中1例肝转移性腺癌,误诊为炎性病灶;1例胆管细胞癌误诊为良性病变.24例病理诊断为良性病灶,其中21例CEUS误诊为恶性肿瘤,3例误诊为其他良性病变.结论 加深对肝脏病变病理、组织形态特点的理解,仔细观察CEUS图像特征,紧密结合临床,可提高CEUS对肝脏病变的诊断正确率.     

A clinical assay for prostatic acid phosphatase using choline phosphate as a substrate: Comparison with thymolphthalein phosphate

We describe an assay method using choline O-phosphate as a substrate for the measurement of serum prostatic acid phosphatase as an aid in the diagnosis of prostatic cancer. Choline phosphate is hydrolyzed by homogeneous prostatic acid phosphatase, and it is also hydrolyzed by an acid phosphatase present in the serum of prostatic carcinoma patients. In contrast, serum samples from apparently healthy persons do not exhibit any significant choline O-phosphate phosphatase activity. There is a correlation of 98% (n = 46) between choline O-phosphate phosphatase activity and typical measurement for prostatic acid phosphatase activity carried out using thymolphthalein monophosphate as the substrate. The new method appears to be as accurate as colorimetric methods based on thymolphthalein phosphate as a substrate. Although not as sensitive as immunologically based methods, the present technique for measuring prostatic acid phosphatase activity using choline phosphate as a substrate is economical and relatively simple.