木醋杆菌最佳发酵条件

通过试验筛选出木醋杆菌发酵产生纤维素的最佳碳源为葡萄糖,最佳氮源为酵母膏和蛋白胨,并通过正交试验确定出木醋杆菌发酵的最佳条件是:pH 5.0,温度30 ℃,葡萄糖1.5 g/dL,酵母膏0.5 g/dL,蛋白胨1 g/dL.乙醇、醋酸、乳酸对木醋杆菌生产纤维量都有增效作用,优化后的培养基添加0.4 g/dL醋酸,细菌纤维素产量为3.40 g/L.添加体积分数1%的乙醇,细菌纤维素产量为3.65 g/L.添加0.4 g/dL乳酸,细菌纤维素产量为3.54 g/L.     

姬松茸深层发酵培养基的优化

通过姬松茸碳氮源筛选的单因素实验 ,确定玉米粉、蔗糖为碳源 ,豆粕粉、麸皮汁为氮源 ;在此基础上 ,进行了碳氮源质量浓度及比例实验、摇瓶发酵正交实验 ,优化培养基配方 ,确定姬松茸摇瓶发酵培养基的最佳配方为 :玉米粉 1 .5g/dL ,蔗糖 0 .5 g/dL ,麸皮汁 0 .5 g/dL ,豆饼粉 2 .0 g/dL .     

太湖蓝藻培养单细胞蛋白的可行性

以蓝藻原料为氮源发酵生产酵母单细胞蛋白,考察了碳源、维生素、微量元素、矿物质元素、培养温度、接种量、初始pH、通气量等对酵母产量的影响,优化了发酵条件,1 g/dL(干重)的蓝藻培养基最终使酵母产量达到6.2 g/L,并利用高效液相色谱法检测酵母产物胞内微囊藻毒素.结果表明,酵母中微囊藻毒素含量为390 μg/kg.     

Clostridium butyricum Z-10的生长特性与培养基优化

对Clostridium butyricum Z 10的生长特性研究表明,其最适生长温度为36 ℃,最低和最高生长温度分别为16 ℃和44 ℃;最适起始生长pH值为7.2,最低和最高起始生长 pH值分别为4 6和10 6;最高耐胆酸盐质量浓度为4 g/dL,起始氧化还原电位为-21 mV;丁酸梭状芽孢杆菌对青霉素不敏感,主要代谢产物为丁酸和乙酸.通过对生长因子、氮源的选择性研究,得出采用酵母膏做为生长因子,胰蛋白胨作为氮源有较好的效果.优化培养基试验得出当胰蛋白胨质量浓度为22 g/L,葡萄糖质量浓度为 10 g/L,盐酸半胱氨酸质量浓度为 0 5 g/L时,总菌体浓度可达到3 6×108个/mL.     

谷氨酸脱羧酶发酵工艺的优化

用大肠杆菌AS1.505进行液态发酵生产谷氨酸脱羧酶并优化培养基,考察了碳源、氮源、复合营养物质、起始pH及发酵时间对酶活的影响,确定最佳产酶培养基组成为:葡萄糖1.0 g/dL,蛋白胨3.0 g/dL,氯化钠0.3 g/dL,磷酸氢二钾0.1 g/dL,硫酸镁0.02 g/dL,L-谷氨酸0.01g/dL,玉米浆1.5 g/dL,生物素30 t,g/L,麸皮4 g/dL;pH 6.5.在此基础上,设计发酵条件的优化实验.实验结果表明为:250 mL的三角瓶装液量25 mL,37℃,起始pH 6.5,培养18 h达到产酶高峰,产酶活力可达1 290 U/mL.     

Kluyveromyces fragilis LFS-8611 β-D-半乳糖苷酶的摇瓶培养条件

脆壁克鲁维酵母(Kluyveromycesfragilis)LFS 8611合成的β D 半乳糖苷酶具有较高的催化半乳糖基转移反应活力.脆壁克鲁维酵母(K.fragilis)LFS 8611细胞生长和β D 半乳糖苷酶的合成同步.该菌株生长和产酶的最适碳源为半乳糖,乳糖次之;最适氮源为蛋白胨F403;最适培养条件为:发酵培养基的初始pH值为7.0,摇床的转速为200r/min.培养基中碳源和氮源质量浓度对菌体生物量和β D 半乳糖苷酶活力有重要影响,以12mg/mL乳糖为碳源,16mg/mL蛋白胨(F403)为氮源,在最适培养条件下培养32h后,菌体生物量和β D 半乳糖苷酶活力分别为7.56g/L和18.83U/mL.     

海洋细菌B-1106生长特性及产胞外多糖研究

对从海泥中筛选到的1株海洋细菌B-1106的生长特性及产胞外多糖进行了初步研究.结果表明,海洋细菌B-1106耐盐度为4 g/dL,培养基初始pH 7.0～8.0,在淡水及海水培养基中产糖量时间均为96 h,产胞外多糖的较佳碳源、氮源分别为蔗糖和硫酸铵,较佳碳氮源质量浓度比为10∶1.     

黄伞菌丝深层发酵的培养条件

采用摇瓶培养法对黄伞菌丝深层发酵培养条件进行了研究.通过正交试验初步确定黄伞菌丝深层发酵适宜的培养基组成为:葡萄糖3g/dL,牛肉膏1.5g/dL,K2HPO40.5g/dL,MgSO40.1g/dL.该菌株最适培养条件为:培养温度25℃,起始pH值5.0,接种体积分数15%,发酵周期10d.在优化的试验条件下,进行摇瓶发酵,菌丝干重达11.16g/L.     

鸡腿蘑菌株筛选及深层发酵培养基的优化

对4个鸡腿蘑菌株进行了发酵筛选,选出生物量较高的菌株农林鸡腿蘑(NL),并通过单因素试验,确定玉米粉、蔗糖为碳源,麸皮为氮源;在此基础上,以筛选的碳源、氮源和无机盐KH2PO4和MgSO4·7H2O为考察因素,以生物量为主要指标利用正交试验优化培养基配方比例,确定鸡腿蘑摇瓶发酵培养基最佳配方为:玉米粉 4 g/dL,蔗糖 2 g/dL,麸皮 4 g/dL,KH2 PO4 0.1g/dL,MgSO4·7H2O 0.1 g/dL.     

Ochrobactrum intermedium DN2烟碱降解酶发酵培养基优化研究

研究工作中筛选得到一株有较强烟碱降解能力的新型烟碱降解细菌 Ochrobactrum intermedium DN2,对其产烟碱降解酶的发酵培养基进行了优化.采用Plaekett-Burman设计法,对影响Ochrobactrum intermedium DN2产烟碱降解酶的15个因子进行了筛选.结果表明,影响该菌发酵产酶的显著因子为烟碱、酵母膏、葡萄糖、tween-80的质量浓度和培养基初始pH.在此基础上,采用响应曲面法对以上5个显著因子进行了优化.得到各因子最佳水平为烟碱2.183g/L,葡萄糖0.823 g/L,酵母膏0.844 g/L,Tween-80 0.976 g/L,初始pH 6.9.在此优化条件下获得实际酶活为7943 U/L,与预测值8 060 U/L相近,比优化前提高了52%.     

Laser and Non-laser Light Sources for Photodynamic Therapy

. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an anticancer combination therapy, which requires a photosensitiser, which tends to accumulate preferentially in the tumour, and light. Historically large, complex lasers have been used to carry out PDT treatment. Nowadays there is a wide range of coherent and non-coherent sources that can be used. This paper considers the important characteristics of light sources for PDT, including dye lasers pumped by argon or metal vapour lasers and frequency-doubled Nd:YAG lasers. Non-laser sources including tungsten filament, xenon arc, metal halide and fluorescent lamps are also discussed. New exiciting developments such as LEDs and femtosecond lasers are also reviewed. The relative merits of laser and non-laser sources are critically examined. Paper received 18 June 2001; accepted 6 December 2001.     

Alternative energy sources for surgical atrial ablation

As less complex modifications of the Maze procedure have been developed, a number of energy sources have been introduced to facilitate the creation of electrically isolating lesions within the atria. These include cryoablation, radiofrequency, microwave, laser, and focused ultrasound. Although each of these sources works slightly differently, the goal of all thermal sources is to heat tissue to a temperature (50 degrees C) above which irreversible electrical isolation occurs. These sources have been utilized both endocardially in arrested heart procedures as well as epicardially in the beating heart setting. There are several obstacles to the use of these sources epicardially, mostly related to the heat sink effect of endocardial blood. Several recent modifications have been introduced that will hopefully increase the efficacy of these sources in beating heart applications.     

Shoulder and elbow arthroplasty videos on YouTube: an analysis of video content and quality

BackgroundThe purpose of this investigation was to analyze the content and quality of YouTube videos related to shoulder arthroplasty (SA) and elbow arthroplasty (EA). In addition, we aimed to compare videos produced by academic sources with those that were produced by nonacademic sources. We hypothesized that overall SA and EA YouTube video content and quality would be poor.MethodsThe most popular SA and EA YouTube videos were analyzed as per the source, and video characteristics were recorded. We determined video content and quality scores utilizing the Journal of the American Medical Association benchmark criteria, DISCERN criteria, and a novel arthroplasty content score.ResultsEighty-four and 34 unique SA and EA videos were included, respectively. Mean Journal of the American Medical Association, DISCERN, and content scores were 1.2, 29.5, and 3.4 for SA videos and 0.9, 29.9, and 3.5 for EA videos, respectively. No videos were classified as “good” or “excellent” as per the DISCERN criteria. Mean quality and content scores were not significantly different for academic compared with nonacademic sources for either SA or EA videos.ConclusionYouTube videos related to SA and EA are of poor quality and are unreliable sources of patient information. Videos from academic sources do not provide higher-quality information than videos from nonacademic sources. With the growing use of internet and social media for health information, surgeons should, at present, direct patients away from these sources. Upper-extremity surgeons and professional societies should endeavor to create quality, patient-directed educational videos related to SA and EA, as patients are increasingly seeking information from social media sources.Level of evidenceBasic Science Study     

Development and Validation of the Sources f Trauma-Related Guilt Survey—War-Zone Version

Despite clinical observations that many veterans have multiple sources of war-related guilt, many problematic guilt issues are commonly not treated or even detected by clinicians. We describe development of a survey that systematically assesses idiosyncratic sources of guilt across the spectrum of events mat are potential sources of trauma-related guilt from the war-zone. A multimethod strategy was used to develop a survey with strong content validity. Results indicate the survey is temporally stable, substantially correlated with other measures of guilt, and highly correlated with measures of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression. Findings confirm that many Vietnam veterans have multiple sources of severe war-related guilt. The survey may have important clinical utility for problem identification, treatment planning, and evaluating treatment efficacy.     

Quoting A.T. Still with rigor: an historical and academic review

The statements of Andrew Taylor Still, MD, DO, abound within the osteopathic literature. However, Still is sometimes misquoted, and corresponding references to his quotations are occasionally incomplete or inaccurate. There are several reasons why these errors continue to occur, including confusion surrounding the copyright dates and multiple editions of his books. In addition, less reliable, secondary sources of Still's words are often used instead of primary sources. To help resolve these problems, the author proposes 3 solutions. A list of Still's known published books, including the correct copyright date of The Philosophy and Mechanical Principles of Osteopathy, is provided. The disadvantages associated with using the 2 most popular secondary sources of Still's work are described. Guidelines from the 10th edition of the AMA Manual of Style are reviewed to assist authors, educators, and students in accurately citing material from older sources, such as Still's writings.     

An overview of energy sources in clinical use for the ablation of atrial fibrillation

Recent years have seen many developments in the field of alternative energy sources for arrhythmia surgery. The impetus behind these advances is to replace the traditional, "cut-and-sew" Cox maze III procedure with lesion sets that are simpler, shorter, and safer but just as effective. There is demand for technology to make continuous, linear, transmural ablations reliably with a versatile energy source via an epicardial approach. This would make minimally invasive endoscopic surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) without cardiopulmonary bypass and with a closed chest feasible. These advances would shorten cardio-pulmonary bypass and improve outcomes in patients having surgical ablation and concomitant cardiac surgery. This review summarizes the technology behind alternative energy sources used to treat AF. Alternative energy sources include hypothermic sources (cryoablation) and hyperthermic sources (radiofrequency, microwave, laser, ultrasound). For each source, the biophysical background, mode of tissue injury, factors affecting lesion size, and advantages and complications are discussed.     

Absorbability of calcium sources: The limited role of solubility

Summary Fractional absorption of seven chemically defined calcium sources was measured in normal adult women under standardized load conditions. Solubility of the sources in water at neutral pH ranged from a low of 0.04 mM to a high of 1500 mM. The relationship of solubility to absorbability was weak. In the range from 0.1 to 10 mM, within which most calcium supplement sources fall, there was no detectable effect of solubility on absorption. Data from four food sources are presented for comparison. Absorbability of food calcium was not clearly related to absorbability of the dominant chemical form in the food concerned. These findings suggest that (1) even under controlled, chemically defined conditions, solubility of a source has very little influence on its absorbability; and (2) absorbability of calcium from food sources is determined mainly by other food components.     

CT-guided stereotactic brachytherapy in deep-seated malignant gliomas--interstitial irradiation by double-catheter after-loading method

CT-guided stereotactic brachytherapy has been performed for the deep-seated malignant gliomas using the double-catheter after-loading method. The catheter system consists of two coaxial polyethylene tubes with closed tips. The outer catheter is 3.0 mm in outer diameter and 2.4 mm in inner diameter. The inner catheter is 2.0 mm in outside diameter and 1.4 mm in inside diameter, and contains the radioactive sources. Localization of the target volume is determined by the preoperative findings of computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and cerebral angiography. Dosimetry and dose planning are so finalized for the target volume as to be irradiated interstitially more than tumoricidal dose. After stereotactic biopsy of the deep-seated brain tumors, stereotactic implantation of the outer catheters is performed using Iseki Stereotactic System in the CT room. Burr holes had been previously opened in the operating room. The inner catheters containing nonradioactive sources (dummy sources) are inserted, and skull X-p is taken to confirm the position of the dummy sources, and to calculate the dosimetry by computer. The inner catheters are replaced with catheters containing radioactive sources (226Ra) in the irradiation room. 226Ra sources deliver at least 500 rads/day (approximately 20 rads/hr) to the target volume as interstitial irradiation. Two patients of malignant gliomas treated with this procedure were shown as representative cases. These patients underwent CT-guided stereotactic brachytherapy as "boost" combined with conventional external irradiation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Do pulsed lasers produce an effective photodynamic therapy response?

BACKGROUND: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) in dermatology is traditionally performed with topical aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and continuous-wave (CW) illumination with blue or red light. Recently, several authors have reported success with laser and other pulsed-light sources for PDT. While the clinical benefits on sun-exposed skin are apparent, no study has demonstrated that the pulsed light sources are responsible for the observed response. STUDY DESIGN: A placebo-controlled study of two pulsed light sources previously reported for PDT: the pulsed dye laser (PDL) or broadband flashlamp filtered intense pulsed light (IPL). Sun-hidden skin was prepared with microdermabrasion and acetone scrub followed by ALA under occlusion. Laser or IPL was delivered under conditions previously reported to produce a clinical response. Control areas were exposed to standardized CW blue light or to no light. A second control area was prepared and received light and the ALA vehicle. RESULTS: IPL and PDL demonstrated a faint dose-response effect on PDT activation, but were less potent than a smaller fluence of CW blue light. Ambient light activated ALA-treated skin. CONCLUSION: Both IPL and PDL are capable of activation of PDT but produce dramatically less PDT reaction than the standard CW blue-light broadband source. Physicians desiring a robust PDT response might select CW sources over pulsed sources. Ambient light may activate a PDT reaction.     

Pressure injury data in Australian acute care settings: A comparison of three data sets

Hospital‐acquired pressure injuries (HAPIs) represent a serious clinical and economic problem. The cost of treating HAPIs in Australian public hospitals was recently reported at AUS$983 million per annum. There are three main sources of data for documenting pressure injury (PI) occurrence in Australian hospitals: incident reporting, medical record coded data, and real‐time surveys of pressure injury. PI data reported at hospital level and to external agencies using these three different sources are variable. This reporting issue leads to inaccurate data interpretation and hinders improvement in accuracy of PI identification and PI prevention. This study involved a comparison of the three different data sources in selected Australian hospitals, to improve the accuracy and comparability of data. Findings from this study provide benchmark areas for improvement in PI documenting and reporting. Better understanding the agreement between the three data sets could lead to a more efficient and effective sharing of data sources.