鱼油复合天然抗氧化剂

研究了一种复合天然抗氧化剂 ,其能有效延缓鱼油的氧化 ,抗氧化效果明显优于常用的BHA、BHT、PG及天然混合生育酚、茶多酚 .     

鱼油乳液的稳定性

报道了一种鱼油乳液的制取工艺 ,采用混合乳化剂和乳粉可制得乳化稳定性较好的鱼油乳液 .考察了β CD和茶多酚对抑制鱼油腥味及提高鱼油乳化液氧化稳定性的效果     

厚朴的抗氧化性能

采用不同极性的溶剂对厚朴粉末进行提取,采用OSI(OxidativeStabilityInstrument)法对提取和分离所得各部分的抗氧化活性作了比较研究。结果发现,用乙酸乙酯提取的厚朴抗氧化剂对猪油、鱼油等油脂具有较强的抗氧化活性且得率较高;没食子酸辛酯(OG)、没食酯酸十二酯(DG)对厚朴抗氧化剂具有较强的协同增效作用.研究表明,厚朴乙酸乙酯提取物作为抗氧化剂有望应用于食品和医疗保健.     

茶多酚治疗骨质疏松症的研究进展

茶多酚是茶叶中所含有的多酚类化合物的总称,是一种具有多种生物学活性的高效抗氧化剂,研究发现茶多酚具有抗氧化、抗炎、抗肿瘤、抗辐射、抗高血脂、延缓衰老等药理和保健作用,有关茶多酚的研究目前已成为药学领域的研究热点。近年来有研究认为茶多酚的抗氧化、抗炎功效使其在骨质疏松的预防及治疗方面起着重要的作用。本文就近年来国内外对茶多酚抗骨质疏松的作用及相关机制的研究进展作一综述。     

金莲花黄酮微波辅助提取及其抗氧化性

采用单因素分析结合正交试验的方法,研究了金莲花黄酮微波辅助提取的工艺条件,以清除DPPH自由基法,对金莲花黄酮的抗氧化性进行了分析,并比较了金莲花黄酮、VC和BHT的抗氧化能力.实验结果表明:微波辅助提取金莲花黄酮的最佳工艺条件是体积分数60%乙醇为溶剂,每克料浸提剂体积为20 mL,微波功率600 W,温度60℃,提取时间2 min.在此工艺下,金莲花黄酮提取率为83.7%;金莲花黄酮能有效地清除DPPH自由基,具有较强的抗氧化能力,与VC>和>BHT相比,其抗氧化能力为VC金莲花黄酮BHT.另外,研究发现金莲花黄酮与VC和金莲花黄酮与BHT均具有一定的抗氧化协同效应.     

微波辅助提取玉米须多糖及其组成的研究

采用料液质量比、微波功率、微波时间、水浴浸提温度、水浴浸提时间的单因素试验和正交试验来优化微波提取玉米须中水溶性多糖(CSPS)的条件.试验表明,前4种因素对多糖提取率的影响较大.微波辅助提取玉米须水溶性多糖的最佳工艺参数为:料液质量比为1 g∶50 g,在微波功率为560 W(最大700 W)的条件下提取3 min,再经100℃水浴浸提30 min.与未经微波辐照的提取方法相比较,微波辅助提取的方法时间短、产率高(最高可达2.43倍),是玉米须水溶性多糖提取的一种优选方法.然后,玉米须多糖用硫酸水解得到单糖,衍生后经GC检测,初步鉴定玉米须多糖是由葡萄糖、木糖及鼠李糖3种单糖组成.     

乳清中乳糖的酶法水解

本文研究了Aapergillur niger CWL2NU-3乳糖酶在乳清中的应用,探讨了温度、pH、金属离子、底物浓度、酶浓度及水解时间等因素对乳清中乳糖的酶法水解速度的影响,在此基础上确定了主要影响因素,通过正交试验,获得乳清中乳糖水解的最佳工艺条件(65℃、pH4.5、乳糖15%、[E]/[L]=0.03、水解时间2.5h),在此条件下乳糖水解率为91.0%。     

甘薯糖蛋白脱游离蛋白的研究

研究了用Sevage法脱除甘薯糖蛋白中游离蛋白的工艺条件，通过单因素试验，提出了影响甘薯糖蛋白脱游离蛋白的主要因素，并通过正交试验进一步优化工艺条件，确定影响甘薯糖蛋白脱游离蛋白的主次因素分别为样液与试剂的比例、脱蛋白次数、氯仿与正丁醇的比例、脱蛋白时间，试验结果表明，样液与试剂的体积比为2：1，氯仿与正丁醇的体积比为2：1，脱蛋白次数为3次，脱蛋白时间为20min时，脱游离蛋白的效果较好。     

荞麦膳食纤维的研制

报道了以荞麦为原料,对荞麦壳申膳食纤维的提取及脱色工艺进行的研究.采用化学法和酶法分别制备荞麦膳食纤维,并对所得膳食纤维进行脱色.通过试验分别得到,化学法提取荞麦壳膳食纤维最佳工艺为:pH 5.0,反应温度为55℃时,NaOH质量分数为4%,水解时间60min;酶法提取荞麦壳膳食纤维最佳工艺为:pH 7.0±0.2时,蛋白酶质量分数为0.2%,反应时间60 min.两种方法比较得出,酶法提取效果较好.脱色最佳工艺为:pH 11,H2O2体积分数为4%,温度为90℃,反应时间为90 min.     

海参多肽、多糖综合提取工艺条件的优化

从综合利用海参各种营养成分的角度，研究了利用酶解法制备海参多肽的同时分离纯化海参多糖的工艺。通过正交实验得出利用A．S1398精制中性蛋白酶综合提取海参多肽和多糖的最优酶解条件：加水量为鲜海参质量的6倍，加酶量为鲜海参质量的1．0%，温度30℃，水解时间6h。在该条件下多肽得率为12．0％，多糖得率为2．68％，水解度为30．35％。     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Synergistic interaction between the effects of propofol and midazolam with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity in rabbits

Background: It has been shown that the depressive effects of both propofol and midazolam on consciousness are synergistic with opioids, but the nature of their interactions on other physiological systems, e. g. respiration, has not been fully investigated. The present study examined the effect of propofol and midazolam alone and in combination with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and whether such interactions are additive or synergistic. Methods: PNA was recorded in 27 anaesthetised and artificially ventilated rabbits. In three groups, propofol, fentanyl and midazolam were administered intravenously in incremental doses to construct dose-response curves for the depressant effects of each one on PNA. In another two groups, the effect of pretreatment with either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. on the effects of propofol and fentanyl respectively on PNA were studied. Results: Propofol and fentanyl caused a dose-dependent depression of PNA with complete abolition at the highest total doses of 16 mg · kg^?1 i. v. and 32 μg · kg^?1 i. v., respectively. In contrast, midazolam in incremental doses to a total of 0.8 mg · kg^?1 reduced mean PNA by 63%, but approximately 12% of PNA remained at a total dose as high as 6.4 mg · kg^?1. The mean ED₅₀s, calculated from dose-response curves, were 5.4 mg · kg^?1, 3.9 μg · kg^?1 and 0.4 mg · kg^?1 for propofol, fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. Initial doses of either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. acted synergistically with subsequent doses of either propofol or fentanyl to abolish PNA at total doses of 8 mg · kg^?1 and 8 μg · kg^?1, respectively. Conclusion: Fentanyl has a synergistic interaction with both propofol and midazolam on PNA and hence potentially on respiration.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.     

Immunomodulation in Transplantation with Photopheresis

Abstract: Photopheresis is a technique in which peripheral blood mononuclear cells, in the presence of a photoacti-vatable compound, are exposed extracorporeally to ultraviolet A light and reinfused, inducing a host autoregula-tory immune response. Experimental work and ongoing clinical studies are helping to define the role of this novel, safe, and non-toxic immunomodulating technology in the field of transplantation.