猕猴桃籽油对黄褐斑小鼠的作用及机制研究

目的:研究猕猴桃籽油对黄褐斑小鼠模型的黄褐斑的淡化作用,探讨其可能的机制。方法:采用肌肉注射黄体酮构造黄褐斑小鼠模型,动物皮肤局部外涂药物,连续30天。测定小鼠肝脏和皮肤组织的酪氨酸酶、MDA、NO含量,SOD活性。结果:与模型组相比,猕猴桃籽油各剂量组小鼠的肝脏和皮肤组织酪氨酸酶、MDA、NO含量降低,SOD活力升高。绝大多数大剂量组的差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:猕猴桃籽油在小鼠体内有较强的抗氧化活性,具有淡化黄褐斑的功效。     

番茄籽油的脂肪酸及甘油酯组成分析

采用柱层析、气相色谱法和薄层层析法 ,研究了国内常见的几种番茄籽中油脂含量、脂肪酸组成和甘油酯的结构 .番茄籽油含油率为 2 0 %～ 2 3 % ,不饱和脂肪酸质量分数在 70 %以上 ,其中必需脂肪酸———亚油酸质量分数为 50 %以上 .番茄籽油是一种优质食用油 .     

野香苏籽油中多价不饱和脂肪酸的提取及纯化工艺

采用压榨法、溶剂浸提法、分子蒸馏法、超临界法提取了野香苏籽油.应用尿素包合技术对野香籽油中不饱和脂肪酸进行了富集,通过正交实验(L934)考察了尿素在乙醇中质量浓度、脂肪酸与(尿素 乙醇)的质量比、时间及温度等因素对不饱和脂肪酸提取率的影响.4种提取方法的出油率分别为36.6%,36.5%,26.7%,37.0%,其主要成分是α-亚麻酸.实验确定的最佳提取工艺条件为:尿素质量浓度为1.00 g/mL,脂肪酸与(尿素 乙醇)的质量比为1∶1. 8,回流温度为73～78 ℃,时间为40 min.     

中国紫苏属植物种子含油量及其脂肪酸组成研究

对国内１３个省市采集的紫苏属植物１８个品种的种子的油含量及其脂肪酸组成进行了分析。结果表明各品系的含油量介于２４．７５％～３９．５２％，饼粕蛋白含量介于２５．３８％～３７．１９％．苏子油中不饱和脂肪酸含量约占脂肪酸总量的９０％，其中亚麻酸含量介于５６．１４％～６４．８２％．表明苏子油是一种极具开发潜力的营养保健油源。     

超临界CO2萃取番茄籽油

采用超临界CO2萃取技术对番茄籽油进行萃取,经过单因素和优化实验,对不同萃取时间、压力和温度下油的萃取率、脂肪酸组成和品质进行了比较.其中萃取时间和萃取压力对番茄籽油的萃取率影响显著(α=0.05),萃取温度影响较显著(α=0.1).最佳萃取条件为萃取时间2 h、萃取温度50℃、萃取压力30 MPa,萃取率达96.34%.通过气相色谱分析,由超临界CO2萃取得到番茄籽油的主要脂肪酸质量分数分别为棕榈酸(C160)约13%,硬脂酸(C180)约5%,油酸(C181)约22%,亚油酸(C182)约56%,花生酸(C200)约2.8%.通过测定番茄籽油过氧化值、酸价、碘价和皂化价,显示番茄籽油有较好的品质,不同的萃取条件对番茄籽油品质无显著影响.     

α-亚麻酸抑制大鼠肾草酸钙结晶形成的实验研究

目的　比较α 亚麻酸和亚油酸预防结石形成的作用。　方法　雄性Wistar成年大鼠 6 0只 ,分 4组 ,每组 15只。C组和D组分别以苏子油 (含α 亚麻酸 6 3% )或葵花籽油 (含亚油酸 70 % ) 2g/d灌胃 4周后 ,用诱石剂 1%乙二醇 (EG)加 1%氯化氨喂饮 ,同时继续以苏子油或葵花籽油灌胃 ,3周后检测各组大鼠肾功能、2 4h血尿生化指标和肾草酸钙结晶情况。仅饮用诱石剂 (B组 ,成石组 )大鼠和正常喂养 (A组 ,空白对照组 )大鼠作对照。　结果　苏子油组肾组织水肿较轻 ,肾内草酸钙结晶数及肾钙含量明显低于成石组 (P <0 .0 1) ,2 4h尿钙排泄、血尿素氮、肌酐浓度显著低于成石组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,尿肌酐排泄增加 (P <0 .0 5 )。葵花籽油组仅血尿肌酐较成石组明显改善 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,其他指标与成石组差异无显著性意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。　结论　α 亚麻酸能有效改善肾功能 ,减少尿钙排泄 ,抑制实验鼠肾草酸钙结晶形成 ,在尿石症防治方面可能有一定应用价值。     

不同萃取方法对番茄籽油理化性质与脂肪酸含量的影响

分别采用超临界ＣＯ２萃取技术和传统溶剂法从番茄籽中萃取脂肪油，经过甲酯化处理后，用气相色谱法分析出亚油酸等５种脂肪酸占总脂肪酸的９８．５％．同时对油的其它理化指标进行了测定。对测定结果进行了比较分析，说明超临界ＣＯ２萃取所得番茄籽油品质更好。并对番茄籽油的营养学机理作了讨论。     

酸柏栀油软胶囊脂肪酸和维生素E的测定

目的:为了确定酸柏栀油软胶囊中脂肪酸和维生素E的组成,进行了脂肪酸气相色谱法的测定和维生素E高效液相色谱法的测定.方法:脂肪酸的测定是参照GB/T17376 ～ 7-1998方法进行.维生素E的测定是参照GB/T5009.82-2003方法进行.结果:酸柏栀油软胶囊中油酸31.2％,亚油酸32.2％,亚麻酸16.4％,维生素E总量47.6mg/100g.结论:酸柏栀油软胶囊含有大量多不饱和脂肪酸和维生素E,维生素E即协同多不饱和脂肪酸发挥药理作用,同时也防止了多不饱和脂肪酸的氧化作用.     

α-亚麻酸对草酸钙结石鼠前列腺素E2的影响

目的：探讨前列腺素E2在尿结石形成中的作用以及α-亚麻酸对前列腺素E2的抑制作用。方法：将60只雄性Wistar成年大鼠随机分成空白对照组、成石组、苏子油组、葵花籽油组。所有大鼠适应性喂养1周后，空白对照组随后7周均饮用自来水。成石组前4周饮用自来水，后3周饮用诱石剂水，每日自来水2g／只灌胃1次。苏子油组7周内每日以苏子油2g／只灌胃1次，饮水同成石组。葵花油组7周内每日以葵花油2g／只灌胃1次，饮水同B组。8周后检测大鼠24h尿总钙、尿总镁、尿草酸、肌酐和各组大鼠尿前列腺素E2水平。结果：空白对照组和苏子油组尿总钙明显低于成石组。尿总镁、尿草酸对照组明显低于成石组，苏子油组、葵花籽油组、成石组之间则差异无显著性意义。尿肌酐对照组、苏子油组、葵花油组显著低于成石组。24h尿前腺素E2水平苏子油组、对照组显著低于成石组。葵花籽油组与成石组比较差异无显著性意义。成石组、苏子油组、葵花籽油组前列腺素E2水平与尿总钙含量成正相关性。结论：前列腺素E2可能参与并促进了尿结石的形成，α-亚麻酸可能通过抑制肾前列腺素E2的产生而抑制尿结石形成。     

籽骨系统与拇外翻

籽骨系统包括胫腓侧籽骨及相关肌肉韧带,其中拇短屈肌、拇收肌、拇展肌在籽骨系统生物力学平衡中发挥着重要作用.籽骨的各种病理变化如籽骨骨髓炎、籽骨骨折、多分籽骨、籽骨骨膜外软骨瘤与拇外翻的发生可能具有一定关系.籽骨脱位和半脱位在拇外翻发生发展机制中占据重要地位,其影像学分级系统被部分学者用于拇外翻术前诊断和术后预后的评估,但至今仍不为大多数骨科医生所熟识.基于X线前后位片的籽骨分级系统,测量的精确性受到质疑,而籽骨轴位片同样可能存在误差,至今仍没有一种完善的籽骨脱位和半脱位测量的影像学技术.籽骨旋转角和MRI评估籽骨系统是近年来新的尝试.     

Fatty acids composition in seeds of the South American glasswort Sarcocornia ambigua

Sarcocornia ambigua (Michx.) M.A. Alonso & M.B. Crespo is the most widely distributed species of the perennial genus of glasswort in South America, and it shows great biotechnological potential as a salt-water irrigated crop. Qualitative and quantitative compositions of fatty acids were determined in the seeds of S. ambigua that were cultivated in southern Brazil. Hexane extraction of the seed oil from S. ambigua yielded 13% of total lipids. The GC-FID (Gas Chromatography Flame Ionization Detector) analysis of the hexane extracts showed five prominent peaks for the seed oil: 42.9 wt.% linoleic-Ω6 acid (18:2), 20.4 wt.% palmitic acid (16:0), 18.5 wt.% oleic acid (18:1), 4.5 wt.% stearic acid (18:0) and 4.0 wt.% linolenic-Ω3 acid (18:3). The sum of the saturated palmitic and stearic acids (24.8%) in S. ambigua seed oil exceeded values cited for commercial oils use, as well as the seed oil from the cultivated annual glasswort Salicornia bigelovii. No undesirable fatty acid components were found in S. ambigua seed oil, and it could be recommended for animal consumption or biofuel production.     

Impact of dietary fatty acid supplementation on renal injury in obese Zucker rats

We previously reported that renal injury in hyperlipidemic, obese Zucker rats was associated with a relative deficiency of tissue polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). In the present study 10-week-old obese Zucker rats were pair fed regular chow or chow containing either 20% sunflower oil rich in n-6 PUFA, fish oil rich in n-3 PUFA, coconut oil medium-chain saturated fatty acid, or beef tallow long-chain saturated fatty acid. At 34 weeks of age there were comparable reductions in albuminuria, mesangial matrix expansion, and glomerulosclerosis in the fish oil and sunflower oil groups. While both fish oil and sunflower oil reduced serum triglycerides, and improved the composition of triglyceride-enriched lipoproteins, only fish oil decreased serum cholesterol. The effect of the dietary fatty acid supplementation on fatty acid profiles were similar in isolated glomeruli and cortical tissue. In general, the amelioration in injury in the fish oil and sunflower oil fed rats was most closely linked to glomerular levels of PUFA, either n-6 or n-3. These data suggest that hyperlipidemia and abnormalities in tissue FA are closely linked, and that dietary supplementation with PUFA may ameliorate chronic, progressive renal injury.     

Plasma fatty acid profiles in benign breast disorders.

Breast pain (mastalgia) and macroscopic breast cysts present commonly. Mastalgia may be improved by dietary manipulation to reduce saturated fat or supplement essential fatty acid intake. Fatty acid profiles were measured in women with mastalgia and breast cysts, before and during treatment with evening primrose oil, a rich source of essential fatty acids. The fatty acid profiles of both groups of patients were abnormal, with increased proportions of saturated fatty acids and reduced proportions of essential fatty acids. Treatment with evening primrose oil improved the fatty acid profiles towards normal, but this was not necessarily associated with a clinical response.     

Effect of dietary fish oil on plasma thromboxane B2 and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha levels in septic rats

Increased mortality from sepsis is associated with high levels of thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (PGF1 alpha). Linoleic acid, an n-6 essential fatty acid, is the usual precursor of TXB2 and PGF1 alpha, while fish oil is rich in n-3 essential fatty acid, the precursor of less active moieties. Rats were fed chow, an essential fatty acid-deficient diet, or an essential fatty acid-deficient diet supplemented with linoleic acid or fish oil for 2 weeks. The animals then underwent a sham operation or cecal ligation and puncture to induce sepsis. Six hours later, blood was obtained for analysis. The chow and linoleic acid diets produced significant (twofold to fivefold) increases in levels of both TXB2 and PGF1 alpha after sepsis. The essential fatty acid-deficient diet and fish oil diet protected against increases in levels of TXB2 or PGF1 alpha during sepsis. Dietary restriction of linoleic acid or fish oil supplementation may play an important role in altering the inflammatory mediator response to sepsis.     

Lipid mediated modification of rat heart allograft survival

The effect on allograft survival of intravenous fat emulsions that differed in the ratio of functionally important n-3 and n-6 fatty acids was studied in a heterotopic cardiac transplant model in rats. Twenty percent fat emulsions were administered by continuous infusion at a dosage of 9 g fat/kg body weight per day, starting immediately after transplantation and continuing until complete rejection. The n-6 and n-3 fatty acids represent 75%, 43%, 60%, and 59% of all fatty acids in safflower oil, fish oil, soybean oil, and a 1:1 mixture of safflower and fish oil, respectively. The n-6 fatty acids predominate in safflower oil (370/1) and soybean oil (6.5/1), while the n-3 fatty acids dominate in the fish oil (7.6/1). The 1:1 mixture of safflower and fish oil has the balanced composition (n-6/n-3=2.1/1) recommended by Kinsella and served as oil-treated controls. Continuous infusion of safflower oil, fish oil, and soybean oil prolonged graft survival time to 13.3, 12.3, and 10.4 days, respectively, compared to 6.8 days in the oil-treated controls (P<0.01 for all comparisons). Another control group infused with saline rejected the allografts after 7.8 days (P=NS compared to oil-treated controls; P<0.01 for all other comparisons). The data suggest that intravenous administration of polyunsaturated fat emulsions results in an immunosuppressive effect that seems to be dependent on the n-3/n-6 fatty acid ratio of the fat emulsion. The n-6 fatty acids turned out to be just as immunosuppressive as the n-3 fatty acids if each fatty acid family was applied as the main polyunsaturated fatty acid source. Soybean oil with a n-3/n-6 fatty acid ratio, coming closer to the ratio of the oil-treated controls, was significantly less immunosuppressive than safflower oil.     

Essential fatty acid deficiency in infants receiving parenteral nutrition.

The clinical and biochemical features of essential fatty acid deficiency are described in an infant with gastroschisis who required long-term (6 mo) parenteral nutrition. The deficiency responded to therapy with Intralipid, topical sunflower oil, and breast milk. In a prospective study of three infants with gastroschisis, biochemical essential fatty acid deficiency developed in each during the first week of lipid-free parenteral nutrition; clinical signs of the deficiency were absent. The biochemical features were progressive in the one patient followed for 19 days, and were associated with a decrease in weight gain. Both the deficiency and weight gain were corrected by Intralipid. Biochemical essential fatty acid deficiency did not develop in three other gastroschisis infants who were given prophylactic Intralipid (two patients) or topical sunflower oil (one patient). We conclude that all infants on parenteral nutrition should receive a source of linoleic acid to prevent essential fatty acid deficiency.     

Fatty acid composition and arachidonic acid concentrations in alveolar bone of rats fed diets with different lipids

Summary The purpose of the present study was to determine if the type of dietary fat can modify the fatty acid composition and arachidonic acid levels in the alveolar bone phospholipids. Three groups of rats were fed nutritionally adequate semipurified diets containing different lipids: 10% corn oil (control, group 1, rich in n-6 fatty acids); 9% butter + 1% corn oil (experimental, group 11, rich in saturated fatty acids); and 9% ethyl ester concentrate of n-3 fatty acids + 1% corn oil (experimental, group 111, rich in n-3 fatty acids). After 10 weeks of feeding the various diets, rats were killed, maxillae and mandibles were dissected out, and the soft tissue was removed. Bone was frozen in liquid nitrogen and pulverized. Powdered bone was extracted for total lipids, and phospholipids were isolated by column chromatography. The fatty acid composition and arachidonic acid concentrations were determined in total phospholipids after the addition of an internal standard, octadecatetraenoic acid (18: 4n-3), and subsequent gas chromatography. The type of dietary lipids had a profound influence on the fatty acid composition of bone lipids. Arachidonic acid concentrations were significantly lower in total phospholipids of mandibles and maxillae of rats fed the experimental diets than in those fed the control diet. Because arachidonic acid is a precursor of prostaglandin E₂ and leukotriene C₄, a significant reduction in its concentration may result in reduced levels of these eicosanoids in the alveolar bone.Presented in part at the International Association for Dental Research Meeting, Glasgow, Scotland, July 1–4, 1992     

ω-6不饱和脂肪酸促进结肠癌变的实验研究

目的 探讨ω-6不饱和脂肪酸是否通过下调P53依赖的生长抑制来促进结肠癌变.方法 通过氧化偶氮甲烷（AOM）腹腔注射来诱导结肠的癌变.实验大鼠被分为基本饮食加生理盐水腹腔注射（Control组）、高ω-6不饱和脂肪酸饮食加生理盐水腹腔注射（Corn oil组）、基本饮食加AOM腹腔注射（AOM组）和高ω-6不饱和脂肪酸饮食加AOM腹腔注射（Corn oil＋AOM组）.通过亚甲蓝染色检测结肠黏膜异型隐窝（ACF）的形态,并计算其数量 采用RT-PCR、Western Blot及免疫组织化学染色检测结肠黏膜中P53和增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）的表达情况.结果 Control组、Corn oil组、AOM组和Corn oil＋AOM组大鼠结肠ACF的数量分别为（1.2±0.3）个、（1.3±0.4）个、（41.0±4.8）个和（73.3±9.9）个,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.4组大鼠结肠黏膜PCNA相对表达量分别为0.17±0.03、0.35±0.05、0.74±0.11及1.10±0.13,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.AOM可明显抑制结肠黏膜P53 mRNA和蛋白的表达,并减少细胞核和细胞质P53的含量 高ω-6不饱和脂肪酸饮食则明显促进了AOM对P53表达的抑制作用.结论 高ω-6不饱和脂肪酸饮食能增强致癌因子AOM对结肠黏膜P53的抑制作用,增加PCNA的表达,从而促进结肠ACF的形成,诱导结肠癌的发生.     

Role of lipid in sulfite-dependent propofol dimerization

BACKGROUND: During long-term intravenous infusions, sulfite in sulfite-containing propofol emulsions can cause the peroxidation of lipid and dimerization of propofol. This study evaluated the role of lipid in sulfite-dependent propofol dimerization by determining the effects of individual fatty acids in soybean oil emulsion and peroxidized lipids in a model system. METHODS: Individual fatty acids, stearic (18:0), oleic (18:1), linoleic (18:2), linolenic (18:3), and arachidonic (20:4), were added to sulfite-containing propofol emulsion and incubated for 90 min at 37 degrees C. Model systems containing soybean oil (100 microl), water (900 microl), propofol (10 mg/ml), and sulfite (0.25 mg/ml) composed of oils with different peroxide values were allowed to react for 60 min at room temperature. After the reactions, propofol dimer and propofol dimer quinone were analyzed by reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography. RESULTS: Propofol did not dimerize when added to aqueous sulfite unless soybean oil was also included. The addition of the polyunsaturated fatty acids (linoleic, linolenic, arachidonic) to sulfite-containing propofol emulsion resulted in large increases of propofol dimerization compared with stearic or oleic acid. Using biphasic mixtures of soybean oil and aqueous sulfite, propofol dimerization increased with increasing peroxide content of the oil. In propofol emulsion, lipoxidase and ferrous iron in the absence of sulfite also caused the dimerization of propofol. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that lipid can play a significant role in sulfite-dependent propofol dimerization. The relation of dimerization to polyunsaturated fatty acid and soybean oil peroxide content suggests that sulfite reacts with unsaturated lipid or peroxide-modified lipid to facilitate propofol dimerization.