葡萄糖对光滑球拟酵母发酵生产丙酮酸的影响

在30L发酵罐中研究了初始葡萄糖质量浓度和补料方式对光滑球拟酵母WSH-IP303发酵生产丙酮酸的影响．实验确定116.4g/L左右是较为适宜的初始葡萄糖质量浓度,发酵58h时丙酮酸质量浓度和产率分别为58.0g/L和0.516g/g．采用初始葡萄糖质量浓度为53.4g/L,发酵24h分批补料至葡萄糖总质量浓度为115g/L的培养方式,发酵64h时丙酮酸质量浓度和产率分别为60.2g/L和0.559g/g;采用初始葡萄糖质量浓度为62.6g/L,发酵24h开始连续补料至葡萄糖总质量浓度为115g/L的培养方式,发酵72h时丙酮酸质量浓度和产率分别为63.3g/L和0.586g/g,与葡萄糖总质量浓度相似(115g/L)的分批发酵相比,丙酮酸产量分别提高了3.8%和9.1%．实验结果表明适宜的初始葡萄糖质量浓度能促进光滑球拟酵母发酵生产丙酮酸;尽管葡萄糖补料培养可适度提高丙酮酸的产量及产率,但生产强度却有所下降．     

苏云金芽胞杆菌不同发酵阶段的补糖发酵

通过苏云金芽胞杆菌工程菌BMB005发酵不同阶段补加葡萄糖发酵试验,研究了补糖对苏云金芽胞杆菌发酵的影响.结果表明:对数生长期补加葡萄糖可以提高生物量,进而使发酵液中杀虫晶体蛋白的质量分数提高33 1%,而稳定期补加葡萄糖则是通过提高菌体合成晶体蛋白的能力而使发酵液中晶体蛋白的质量分数提高18 1%. 30 L发酵罐补糖实验结果表明:在起始碳源质量浓度为3 0 g/dL的情况下,对数生长期补加1 0 g/dL葡萄糖可以将发酵液中杀虫晶体蛋白的质量分数和生物效价分别提高37%和51%;稳定期补加 1 0 g/dL葡萄糖可以将发酵液中杀虫晶体蛋白的质量分数和生物效价分别提高33 7%和75 1%;而且稳定期补加比对数生长期补加葡萄糖更有利于增效因子的合成.     

放射型根瘤菌WSH2601生产辅酶Q10的摇瓶发酵条件

以放射型根瘤菌 (Rhizobusradiobacterium ,WSH2 6 0 1)作为辅酶Q10 的生产菌株 ,研究了氮源、碳源、接种量、溶氧、初始 pH、发酵温度及添加物等因素对细胞生长与产物辅酶Q10 合成的影响 .结果表明 :玉米浆和酵母膏是较好的氮源 ,葡萄糖与蔗糖是辅酶Q10 发酵的较好的碳源 ,接种量对辅酶Q10 发酵的影响不大 ,为 4 % .适宜的初始 pH值为 7,番茄汁能较好地促进细胞的生长 ;添加玉米浆、L 甲硫氨酸、番茄汁和异戊醇有利于产辅酶Q10 ;溶氧对细胞生长与产物辅酶Q10 合成的影响较显著 .通过正交试验初步确定了发酵条件 :碳源为 1.5 g/dL葡萄糖和 2 .5 g/dL蔗糖混合物 ,酵母膏 0 .8g/dL ,初始pH 7,每 5 0 0mL装液量为 5 0mL .最后经综合优化条件 ,在摇瓶发酵条件下 :菌体生长量 (以干重计 )为 13.8g/L ,发酵液中辅酶Q10 产量达到 2 2 .7mg/L ,比优化前分别提高 34%和 5 3% .     

纳豆芽孢杆菌的固态发酵条件

为了优化纳豆芽孢杆菌固态发酵条件,以活菌数和芽孢数为指标,采用微生物发酵技术,研究了种龄、接种量、培养基初始pH值和含水量对固态发酵的影响,并通过L9(34)正交试验确定了纳豆芽孢杆菌固态发酵最佳条件.试验结果表明:接种体积分数7%、种龄17 h、培养基初始pH值8.0、培养基初始水分质量分数70%,37℃固态发酵5 d效果最好,活菌数和芽孢数分别达到3.4×1010 cfu/g和1.8×109 cfu/g.     

中药渣固态发酵生产蛋白饲料

利用白腐菌对中药渣进行固态发酵。研究了葡萄糖添加量、（NH4）2SO4添加量、初始pH值、料水质量比、发酵时间对发酵的影响,初步确定了中药渣固态发酵的最优工艺条件。结果表明,中药渣在经过白腐菌3-5d静止发酵后,发酵产物的真蛋白质量分数可达19.05%,比原料本身的真蛋白质量分数高71.34%,粗纤维质量分数由29.14%降低到17.42%。由此可见,该方法可使中药渣得到合理的利用,其发酵产物可作为蛋白饲料资源。     

新型蛋白聚糖类生物絮凝剂REA-11的合成途径

谷氨酸棒杆菌CCTCC M201005能合成一种以半乳糖醛酸为主要结构单元的蛋白聚糖类生物絮凝剂(命名为REA-11).为了研究该聚合物的生物合成途径,首先构建了谷氨酸棒杆菌生物合成REA-11的假设途径,然后从(1)中间代谢产物的添加及相关途径关键酶活性的检测和(2)胞内中间代谢产物的检测两个方面来验证该代谢途径的合理性.研究表明,在培养基中添加代谢途径的中间产物UDP-葡萄糖,可显著提高REA-11的絮凝活性,并且UDP-半乳糖差向酶和UDP-半乳糖脱氢酶的比酶活也分别提高了200%和50%;以不同底物为碳源,UDP-葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶、UDP-半乳糖差向酶和UDP-半乳糖脱氢酶的比酶活与REA-11产量的相关系数可分别达到0.75,0.89,0.97. 此外,利用HPLC检测出REA-11合成途径中3种关键中间产物UDP-葡萄糖、UDP-半乳糖和UDP-葡萄糖醛酸.由此证明,所构建的REA-11生物合成途径基本合理.     

金褐霉素高产菌株的选育及发酵条件的优化

采用单因素分析方法找到金褐链霉菌较适合的发酵培养基:玉米淀粉和葡萄糖为主要碳源,黄豆粉和酵母粉为混合氮源.较优的发酵条件为:接种体积分数为10%、pH 7.5、装液体积分数为20%、种龄为40 h、转速为220 r/min、发酵时间为66 h,其产素单位达到2 897.41 μg/mL.金褐链霉菌原始菌株经紫外诱变,照射时间30 s的金褐霉素产量最高.     

提高耐高温α-淀粉酶发酵液酶活力的方法

提出了提高耐高温α-淀粉酶发酵水平的方法,并在容积为30 L的机械搅拌式生物反应器上进行了较系统的研究.结果表明发酵过程中向发酵罐内流加一定量的谷氨酸水溶液,有利于对数生长期菌体的增殖,提高了发酵液中菌体的浓度数,同时也满足了菌体在酶的合成期对α-氨基氮代谢的需求,进而明显地提高发酵液的酶活力.     

离子交换法从发酵液中提取丙酮酸

选择122树脂用于丙酮酸发酵液的脱色,在发酵液丙酮酸质量浓度为60g/L、pH3.0、脱色空间流速为1.8mL/(mL*h)的条件下可取得较好的脱色效果,丙酮酸损失率低于6%.从8种碱性阴离子交换树脂中筛选出330弱碱性阴离子树脂(氯型),用于从发酵液中提取丙酮酸.考察了不同操作条件对固定床离子交换效果的影响,上柱料液pH的变化对流出曲线的形状影响不大.当上柱料液的pH和丙酮酸质量浓度分别控制在4.0和40g/L时,可以获得较高的有效体积交换容量(分别为0.534mol/L树脂和0.530mol/L树脂).实验范围内体积流量对交换过程的影响不大,在较低的离子交换空间(0.44mL/(mL*h))下有效体积交换容量较高(0.604mol/L树脂).考察了固定床洗脱工艺条件对洗脱效果的影响.当洗脱剂盐酸的浓度为2mol/L、洗脱空间流速控制在0.44mL/(mL*h)左右时洗脱效果较好.采用较佳的工艺条件进行固定床单柱操作,实验得到离子交换单元的丙酮酸收率为97.0%.     

生物过程模型化与控制中空气湿度的测量

在好氧发酵等生物过程中通入的空气 ,其水分含量即湿度对氧的传递速率、微生物细胞的呼吸和生长、发酵液体积以及补料稀释率都将产生很大的影响 ,并进而影响发酵过程产率 .对发酵过程进行模拟和对不可测变量进行间接计算 (即所谓软测量 )时 ,如果忽视空气的湿度 ,计算和模拟结果将产生很大的偏差 .因此 ,对好氧发酵过程来说 ,必须高度重视空气湿度的测量和控制 .     

Optimization of time-variable-parameter model for data-based soft sensor of industrial debutanizer

The enhancement of modern process control methods has caused the popularity of soft sensors in online quality prediction. It is significant to consider the reduction of model complexity, the performance increment, and decrement of input variables in soft sensor design, simultaneously. The aim of this paper is designing and applying a new data-based soft sensor with minimum input variables for the enhancement of product quality estimation. Time-varying-parameter model by employing the Kalman filter and fixed interval smoothing algorithms has been developed to determine the dynamic transfer function and parameters setting based on time. A novel hybrid method with a dynamic autoregressive exogenous variable model and genetic algorithm has been presented for both state identification and parameter prediction. The combinatorial optimization problem has constructed based on a selection of input variables and an evaluation of Akaike information criterion as a fitness function. An industrial debutanizer column has been used for soft sensor performance validation. The result has indicated that the final soft sensor model in comparison to other presented soft sensing methods for this case has less complexity, fewer input variables, more robust and higher predictive performance. Due to fewer input variables, rapid convergence, and low complexity of this model, it can be efficient in industrial processes control, time-saving, and improvement of quality prediction.     

基于主元分析和模糊模型的链霉素发酵过程建模

基于主元分析和模糊模型 ,提出了一种简单而有效的链霉素发酵过程产物浓度的预报方法 .该方法采用主元分析压缩关联程度高且含有测量噪声的实际工业生产数据 ,筛选出影响产物浓度的主要过程变量 ,构造了模糊分段线性模型的产物浓度估计器 .与线性多元回归模型相比 ,模糊模型更适合作为间歇发酵过程的状态估计器 .     

pH值对聚唾液酸分批发酵的影响及补料发酵

研究了不同pH值对聚唾液酸发酵过程中菌体生长和产聚唾液酸的影响.发酵初期pH自然下降时有利于菌体生长,菌体生长对数期较长,最大菌体干重可达6.9g/L;发酵中后期pH控制在6.4时有利于聚唾液酸的延续合成,合成对数期比其它pH条件下的合成对数期延长了11h.动力学特性表现为部分相关模式,而在其它pH条件下,动力学特性表现为相关模式.对聚唾液酸的流加补料发酵进行了初步研究,最终使菌体干重达到11.16g/L,聚唾液酸产量达到2.606g/L.     

pH值和初始淀粉质量浓度对发酵生产谷氨酰胺转胺酶的影响

研究了不同的 pH值对谷氨酰胺转胺酶 (MTG)发酵过程中菌体生长和产酶的影响 ,在此基础上探讨了不同初始淀粉质量浓度及中后期碳源流加对发酵过程的影响 .研究结果表明 :pH值对菌体的生长和产酶模式产生明显的影响 ,当发酵过程的 pH值控制在 6 .5时 ,最有利于菌体的生长和酶的合成 ,在此条件下可得到较高的菌体干重 (DCW )和酶活 ;初始淀粉质量浓度以 3g/dL较适宜 ,其DCW和MTG酶活最高 ,DCW为 2 5.1g/L ,酶活水平达 2 .94U /mL ;中后期采用流加碳源的策略使发酵时间比分批发酵最好水平缩短 12h左右 ,酶活提高到 3.0 5U/mL ,各项指标均比分批发酵最好水平有明显的提高 .     

Early Extubation following Cardiac Surgery in a Veterans Population

Background: Early tracheal extubation is an important component of the "fast track" cardiac surgery pathway. Factors associated with time to extubation in the Department of Veterans Affairs (DVA) population are unknown. The authors determined associations of preoperative risk and intraoperative clinical process variables with time to extubation in this population.

Methods: Three hundred four consecutive patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft, valve surgery, or both on a fast track clinical pathway between October 1, 1993 and September 30, 1995 at a university-affiliated DVA medical center were studied retrospectively. After univariate screening of a battery of preoperative risk and intraoperative clinical process variables, stepwise logistic regression was used to determine associations with tracheal extubation 10 h (late) after surgery. Postoperative lengths of stay, complications, and 30-day and 6-month mortality rates were compared between the two groups.

Results: One hundred forty-six patients (48.3%) were extubated early; one patient required emergent reintubation (0.7%). Of the preoperative risk variables considered, only age (odds ratio, 1.80 per 10-yr increment) and preoperative intra-aortic balloon pump (odds ratio, 7.88) were multivariately associated with time to extubation (model R) ("late" association is indicated by an odds ratio >1.00; "early" association is indicated by an odds ratio <1.00). Entry of these risk variables into a second regression model, followed by univariately significant intraoperative clinical process variables, yielded the following associations (model R-P): age (odds ratio, 1.86 per 10-yr increment), sufentanil dose (odds ratio, 1.54 per 1-[micro sign]g/kg increment), major inotrope use (odds ratio, 5.73), platelet transfusion (odds ratio, 10.03), use of an arterial graft (odds ratio, 0.32), and fentanyl dose (odds ratio, 1.45 per 10-[micro sign]g/kg increment). Time of arrival in the intensive care unit after surgery was also significant (odds ratio, 1.42 per 1-h increment). Intraoperative clinical process variables added significantly to model performance (P < 0.001 by the likelihood ratio test).     

Prediction of serious complications in patients admitted to a surgical ward

BACKGROUND: Prediction of complications is an essential part of risk management in surgery. Knowing which patients are at high risk of developing complications will contribute to the quality and cost reduction of surgery. METHODS: All patients admitted to a general surgical ward during a 1-year interval were followed until 30 days after discharge. Complications and data on potential risk factors were recorded prospectively. Relative risks were calculated for each risk factor and predictive values for the development of a serious or minor complication were computed using logistic regression analysis. The predictive values of different combinations of variables were expressed as receiver operating characteristic curves. RESULTS: Of 3075 patients, 375 suffered one or more serious complications and 319 experienced a minor complication. A model was developed for prediction of serious complications, consisting of 11 variables, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.79 (95 per cent confidence interval (c.i.) 0.76 to 0.81). The prognostic value of the model for minor complications (seven variables) was lower (AUC 0.68 (95 per cent c.i. 0.65 to 0.71)). CONCLUSION: Serious complications in patients admitted to a surgical ward can be predicted using a model consisting of 11 variables. The risk score can be used in the decision-making process before surgery.     

The Process in Psychological Debriefings

Critical Incident Stress Debriefings have become an intervention method used in various cultures, countries and groups following critical incidents. Although the structure of such meetings has been adequately described, utilization of the group processes involved has received less attention. A model, process debriefing (PD), based on experiences from Europe, is presented. Some differences between the current CISD process in the United States and the Europe based model are outlined. Various factors that impact the process of debriefings are discussed with a special emphasis on leadership, and implications of these group process variables for psychological debriefing are presented. It is emphasized that the continued exploration and discussion of process issues is critical to advance the understanding of the critical elements of debriefing.     

Remodeling characteristics and collagen distribution in synthetic mesh materials explanted from human subjects after abdominal wall reconstruction: an analysis of remodeling characteristics by patient risk factors and surgical site classifications

Background

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the associations between patient characteristics or surgical site classifications and the histologic remodeling scores of synthetic meshes biopsied from their abdominal wall repair sites in the first attempt to generate a multivariable risk prediction model of non-constructive remodeling.

Methods

Biopsies of the synthetic meshes were obtained from the abdominal wall repair sites of 51 patients during a subsequent abdominal re-exploration. Biopsies were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and evaluated according to a semi-quantitative scoring system for remodeling characteristics (cell infiltration, cell types, extracellular matrix deposition, inflammation, fibrous encapsulation, and neovascularization) and a mean composite score (CR). Biopsies were also stained with Sirius Red and Fast Green, and analyzed to determine the collagen I:III ratio. Based on univariate analyses between subject clinical characteristics or surgical site classification and the histologic remodeling scores, cohort variables were selected for multivariable regression models using a threshold p value of ≤0.200.

Results

The model selection process for the extracellular matrix score yielded two variables: subject age at time of mesh implantation, and mesh classification (c-statistic = 0.842). For CR score, the model selection process yielded two variables: subject age at time of mesh implantation and mesh classification (r ² = 0.464). The model selection process for the collagen III area yielded a model with two variables: subject body mass index at time of mesh explantation and pack-year history (r ² = 0.244).

Conclusion

Host characteristics and surgical site assessments may predict degree of remodeling for synthetic meshes used to reinforce abdominal wall repair sites. These preliminary results constitute the first steps in generating a risk prediction model that predicts the patients and clinical circumstances for which non-constructive remodeling of an abdominal wall repair site with synthetic mesh reinforcement is most likely to occur.     

Model analysis of factors influencing the prediction of muscle forces at the knee

A three-dimensional stochastic mathematical muscle model of the knee joint has been developed and applied to a study in which the influence of both mechanical and physiological factors were examined in relation to the prediction of muscular forces about the joint. The model includes a representation of the proximal portion of the tibia and distal portion of the femur along with a mathematical expression of the patellar mechanism and 13 muscles crossing the knee joint. The model accounts for the rolling and gliding movement of the tibial-femoral articulation. The computational technique involves equilibrating three components of external moments at the knee joint to the internal moments generated by muscular forces and soft tissue. The variables contained in the moment equilibrium equation are randomly chosen based on the choice of the tibial-femoral contact point. The randomness of the variables, reflected in the final solution, defines a stochastic process in the context of the present model. Studies with the model indicated that a very important mechanical aspect of the model was the capability to simulate the moving contact point between the tibia and femur. The moving contact point increased the mechanical advantage of the quadriceps muscles by 50%, which corresponded to in vivo EMG measurements. Muscle force predictions during normal gait have shown the capability of the model to determine the presence of synergistic and antagonistic muscle action.