营养条件对灰树花产胞外多糖产量的影响

灰树花是一种营养丰富的食、药两用真菌 .灰树花胞外多糖是一种具有生理活性的真菌多糖 .作者研究了营养条件对灰树花产胞外多糖的影响 ,确定了合理的初始碳源、氮源、无机离子、生长因子的质量浓度 .进一步的正交试验表明 ,灰树花产胞外多糖较佳的培养基组合为 :葡萄糖 4 0g/L ,蛋白胨 5g/L、磷酸二氢钾 4 g/L ,硫酸镁 2 g/L、玉米浆 2 0 g/L .     

黑木耳胞外多糖深层发酵培养基组成的优化

研究了营养性因子对黑木耳深层发酵的影响.结果表明,葡萄糖、酵母膏、豆饼粉有利于黑木耳菌体生长和胞外多糖的形成.正交优化实验得到最佳培养基组成:葡萄糖40g/L,豆饼粉9g/L,KH2PO44g/L,无机盐X22g/L.     

营养因子对鸡腿蘑分泌胞外多糖的影响

结合工业发酵的特点 ,研究了营养因子对鸡腿蘑 (毛头鬼伞 )胞外多糖产量的影响 ,筛选到适合其胞外多糖分泌的优化培养基配方 :葡萄糖 2 .0 % ,玉米粉 (6 0目 ) 1.0 % ,麸皮粉 (6 0目 )0 .3% ,VB110mg/L ,KH2 PO4 0 .1% ,MgSO4 ·7H2 O 0 .1% ,在此基础上进行摇瓶发酵曲线的测定 ,确定生产胞外多糖的适宜发酵周期为 4d ,发酵液中产量最高可达 96 .3mg/dL .     

灰树花胞外多糖的性质与结构

对发酵法生产的灰树花胞外多糖GLP A 2的理化特性与结构进行了初步研究 .经凝胶柱层析和HPLC检测纯度 ,证明水溶性多糖GLP A 2为单一均匀组分 ,不含蛋白质和核酸 ,比旋光度[α]12D =+ 177.5 0°(H2 O ,0 .1) ,HPLC法测得平均相对分子质量为 6 .2× 10 4 .GC、IR和13C NMR分析表明 ,GLP A 2是一类 β 葡聚糖 ,分子的主链以 β (1→ 3) 糖苷键连接 ,并含有 β (1→ 6 )、α (1→2 )、α (1→ 3)及 β (1→ 2 )糖苷键相连的侧链 .GLP A 2可与刚果红结合 ,形成的络合物在 0～ 0 .4mol/L的NaOH溶液中 ,表现出最大吸收波长 (λmax)的特征变化 ,同时在CD谱中出现明显的有序结构信息 .这提示GLP A 2在溶液中存在三股螺旋构象 ,维持其有序构象的力可能以氢键力为主     

产胞外多糖乳酸球菌的分离筛选及在Mozzarella干酪中的应用

从东北传统的发酵制品大酱、糖蒜和辣酱中分离出116株乳酸菌,其中LJ35和LJ51两株菌胞外多糖产量相对较高且稳定,分别为乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种(L.lactis subsp.lactis)和乳酸乳球菌乳脂亚种(L.lactis subsp.cremoris),胞外多糖的产量分别为62.19 mg/L和74.24 mg/L.以菌株LJ35和LJ51制作Mozzarella千酪的研究表明,添加2%LJ35或2%LJ51作发酵剂制作的Mozzarellla干酪保水性分别提高了2.1%和3.2%;同时干酪的融化性得到改善,干酪硬度降低,变得柔软.     

提高乳酸菌胞外多糖产量的途径

乳酸菌胞外多糖(EPS)在改善发酵乳品流变学特性和质地等方面发挥重要作用,一些胞外多糖对人体健康还有促进作用,而胞外多糖的产量通常较低是限制其广泛应用的"瓶颈"因素.作者综述了通过优化发酵条件和基因工程技术提高乳酸菌胞外多糖产量的研究进展.     

Klebsiella oxytoca XCH-1菌产胞外粗多糖发酵

从青岛海藻化工厂海带浸泡液中分离得到KlebsiellaoxytocaXCH 1菌,研究了KlebsiellaoxytocaXCH 1菌产胞外多糖的摇瓶发酵情况,探讨了培养基中碳源、氮源、起始碳源质量浓度、碳氮比、温度、初始pH值、种龄、接种量、装液量等因素对KlebsiellaoxytocaXCH 1菌产生胞外多糖的影响.结果表明,最适宜条件为:以甘露醇为碳源,硫酸铵为氮源,起始甘露醇质量浓度为3g/dL,碳氮质量比为150∶1,温度28℃,初始pH值7～8,种龄54h,接种体积分数8%,250mL摇瓶装液量为40mL,并保持良好的供氧条件.     

盐藻胞外多糖分离纯化方法研究

盐藻培养液经离心、超滤浓缩得胞外多糖粗品溶液,然后用乙醇沉淀,丙酮及无水乙醚洗涤,并冷冻干燥得胞外多糖（Exopolysaccharides,EPS）粗品。粗糖经双酶解、透析等初步纯化后,用DE-52离子交换柱层析分离纯化得两种EPS组分（EPSⅠ和EPSⅡ）,琼脂糖凝胶电泳鉴定各自为均一的成分。经检测,两组分的糖质量分数以葡聚糖为对照分别为61.34%和52.81%,蛋白质质量分数3.97%和1.35%,且核酸质量分数小于0.025%,达到了比较高的纯度。     

美味牛肝菌胞外多糖高产菌株的诱变选育

对美味牛肝菌胞外多糖的高产菌株进行了诱变选育。结果表明,美味牛肝菌原生质体制备的最佳条件是56 h菌龄的菌丝体,酶解温度31~35℃,酶解时间2 h,2%纤维素酶和蜗牛酶体积比1∶1,稳渗剂0.010 92 g/mL的甘露醇;原生质体产量是3.71×105个/mL,再生率是7.32%;15 W紫外灯30 cm处照射时间6 min,对原生质体进行诱变处理。选育出一株胞外多糖产量比原始菌株高30.40%的菌株。     

微生物胞外多糖--热凝胶的酶法提取

采用中性蛋白酶处理热凝胶胞外多糖发酵液,降解其中的菌体,实验证明,与传统的酸碱法相比,中性蛋白酶法更能有效地对热凝胶多糖发酵液提纯,而且保持了其主要性能--热成胶性.进一步确定了酶法提取纯化热凝胶的最优条件,获得的多糖产品为纯一的β-(1,3)葡聚糖,且有效地去除了蛋白质等杂质.     

碳源对绿色木霉ZC产中性纤维素酶的影响

筛选得到一株高产中性纤维素酶的绿色木霉ZC,对其培养基中的碳源进行了优化,探讨了碳源的种类、混合碳源以及碳源与麸皮的比例对其产酶的影响,确定了以4 g/dL玉米秸秆粉、1g/dL麸皮为主的发酵培养基,此培养基中纤维素酶滤纸酶活可达321.12 U/mL.     

活性碳色谱法分离制备高F值寡肽混合物

比较了１８种颗粒及粉状活性碳吸附和解脱芳香族氨基酸的能力。找出了较适宜的活性碳品种、吸附条件和解脱溶液。显示了活性碳色谱法分离制备高Ｆ值寡肽混合物的有效性。测定了高Ｆ值寡肽混合物的氨基酸组成，计算出Ｆ值＞２０。并用ＨＰＬＣ测定了相对分子质量分布。     

Effect of low molecular weight heparin on fracture healing in a stabilized rat femur fracture model.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) on fracture healing in a standard stabilized rat femur fracture model. A closed, mid-diaphyseal transverse fracture was created in the right femur of Long-Evans rats after insertion of a 0.8-mm K-wire into the medullary canal. Animals were randomized to receive either LMWH (70 units/kg dalteparin) or an injection of normal saline daily for 2 weeks. Animals were sacrificed at 2, 3, and 6 weeks. Fracture healing was assessed by radiographs, histology, and mechanical testing. There were no significant differences between the control and LMWH groups in the percentage of animals with radiographic bridging callus at each time point. Histologic appearance of fracture healing was similar between the control and LMWH groups. There were no significant differences in the normalized mechanical properties of the control and LMWH groups at 2 and 3 weeks. At 6 weeks, the percent torque of the LMWH group was significantly greater than the control group ( p = 0.0072), however, there was no significant difference in the stiffness and energy absorption. Dalteparin, at the dosage used in this study, did not impair fracture healing in this standard stabilized rat femur fracture model.     

Timing of venous thromboprophylaxis in isolated severe pelvic fracture: Effect on mortality and outcomes

Introduction: Optimal timing of pharmacological thromboprophylaxis (VTEp) in patients with severe pelvic fractures remains unclear. The high risk of venous thromboembolic (VTE) complications after severe pelvic fractures supports early VTEp however concern for fracture-associated hemorrhage can delay initiation. Patients with pelvic fractures also frequently have additional injuries that complicate the interpretation of the VTEp safety profiles. To minimize this problem, the study included only patients with isolated severe pelvic fractures.Materials and methods: The Trauma Quality Improvement Program was used to collect patients with blunt severe pelvic fractures (AIS?>?3) who received VTEp with unfractionated heparin (UH) or low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH). Patients with head, chest, spine, and abdominal injuries AIS?>?3, or those with angio or operative intervention prior to VTEp were excluded. The study population was stratified according to timing of VTEp, early (<48?h) and late (>48?h). Outcomes included in-hospital mortality and VTE.Results: 2752 patients were included in the study. Overall, 2007 patients (72.9%) received early VTEp, while 745 (27.1%) received late VTEp. LMWH was administered in 2349 (85.4%) and UH in 403 (14.6%).Late VTEp was associated with significantly higher incidence of VTE (4.3% vs. 2.2%, p?=?0.004). Logistic regression identified late VTEp as an independent risk factor for VTE (OR 1.93, p?=?0.009) and mortality (OR 4.03, p?=?0.006). LMWH was an independent factor protective for both VTE and mortality (OR 0.373, p?<?0.001, OR 0.266, p?=?0.009, respectively).Conclusion: In isolated severe pelvic fractures, early VTEp is independently associated with improved survival and fewer VTE. LMWH may be preferred over UH for this purpose.     

低分子量肝素预防股静脉置管后血栓形成的临床疗效

目的：观察低分子量肝素预防股静脉置管术后深静脉血栓形成的效果。方法122例下肢深静脉置管患者随机分为治疗组（63例）和对照组（59例）。治疗组每日皮下注射低分子量肝素5000IU,对照组采取下肢主被动活动等常规预防方法。观察2组深静脉血栓的发生率及治疗组治疗前后凝血功能及血小板有无变化。结果治疗组有7例出现深静脉血栓,对照组有15例出现,2组间差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。治疗组治疗前后APTT、PT、INR、PLT均无显著差异。结论股静脉置管术后使用低分子量肝素可以有效预防下肢深静脉血栓形成。     

外源性一氧化碳改善供体肺功能的实验研究

目的观察一氧化碳(CO)对长时间低温保存的供体肺的保护作用。方法建立大鼠肺移植离体肺灌注实验模型:SD大鼠24只随机分为空白对照组、实验组(CO组),每组6对作为肺移植的供体鼠和受体鼠。对照组大鼠供肺移植全程吸入100%氧气直至再灌注后1h;CO组移植全程吸入500×10-6CO和O2的混合气,并且供体肺在冷保存的12h内肺内仍充盈着CO和O2的混合气,余同对照组。于供体肺循环灌注l,20,40,60min测定供肺氧合后动脉血氧分压(PaO2)、平均肺动脉压、气道峰压;灌注结束后测定肺组织湿干比、丙二醛(MDA)含量、髓过氧化物酶(MPO)活性、白细胞介素8(IL-8)的含量。结果作为受体的12只(每组6只)进入结果分析:①CO组供体肺的PaO2在再灌注20、40、60min明显高于对照组,平均动脉压、气道峰压分别在再灌注20、40、60min和40、60min明显低于对照组(P<0.05);②与空白对照组比较,CO组供体肺再灌注后湿干比、MDA、MPO、IL-8含量均明显降低(P<0.05)。结论在肺移植的全程吸入低剂量CO可以减轻供肺的缺血再灌注损伤,改善供肺功能。     

碳、氮源对PVA降解混合体系降解能力的影响及PVA降解机理初探

以能完全降解1g／LPVA的一个混合体系为研究对象，研究了碳、氮源对该混合体系降解PVA的影响。实验表明，补充有机氮源有利于混合体系菌体的生长，并且能提高混合体系对PVA的降解能力。进一步的研究发现，其它碳源的补充有利于菌体的生长，但对混合体系降解PVA产生一定的抑制作用。根据初步研究结果推断，该混合体系所产的PVA降解酶主要结合在细胞膜上，部分PVA进入细胞后被降解。     

Effect of a Low Molecular Weight Heparin Molecule,Dalteparin, on Cellular Apoptosis and Inflammatory Process in an Incisional Wound-Healing Model

Purpose In this study we aimed to test the effect of a low molecular weight heparin molecule, namely dalteparin, on the inflammation and cellular apoptosis in an incisional wound-healing model in rats. Methods Eighteen male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly assigned to three groups (n = 6 for each group). Two full-thickness skin incisions were made over cervical and lumbar regions of all rats. Group 1 (sham group) received no treatment, group 2 (control group) received 0.01 ml/g saline subcutaneously 12 h two times daily from 0 to 10th postoperative day, and group 3 (dalteparin group): received 1 IU/g dalteparin subcutaneously two times daily from 0 to 10th postoperative day. A histological evaluation was done by light microscopy. Apoptosis was detected immunohistochemically by anti-poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase p85 fragment pAb. Results The early inflammatory response and related tissue edema were depressed on day 3 in the dalteparin group when compared with those in the other groups (P < 0.05). Fibroblast proliferation was also depressed on day 10 in the dalteparin group compared to the others (P < 0.05). Furthermore, increased apoptosis was detected in the dalteparin group both on day 3 and day 10. Conclusion Our results showed that dalteparin may adversely affect the incisional wound healing by suppressing the early inflammatory process and increasing cellular apoptosis; however, further studies are warranted to confirm the results.