生产透明质酸的兽疫链球菌NUF-035的筛选及摇瓶发酵条件

从肺炎患羊的肺叶中取得微生物 ,经菌落分离、镜检、生化反应鉴定 ,分离出兽疫链球菌 .通过正交实验确定摇瓶培养最优培养基为 :葡萄糖 6 0 g/L ,蛋白胨 10g/L ,酵母抽提物 10 g/L ,K2 HPO4 2 .0 g/L ,(NH4 ) 2 SO4 5 .0 g/L ,MgSO4 · 7H2 O 0 .5 g/L .筛选出Streptococcuszooepi demicucNUF 0 35菌株 ,该菌产生的粗品透明质酸的相对分子质量为 2 .11× 10 6 ,产量达 1.88g/L.     

不同分子量透明质酸钠预防术后硬脊膜粘连的定量研究

目的 :比较不同分子量透明质酸钠预防椎板切除术后硬脊膜外粘连的效果。方法 :新西兰兔 5 7只 ,行L2、L5椎板切除 ,114个节段分 3组 ,分别植入不同材料 :分子量 1 0× 10 6透明质酸钠组 ;分子量 1 5× 10 6透明质酸钠组 ;生理盐水对照组。术后 2、4、6、8周处死动物取材 ,分别作图像分析和生化定量检查。结果 :分子量 1 0× 10 6透明质酸钠虽有抗炎和预防粘连的部分作用 ,但不能抑制成纤维细胞的渗出和减少瘢痕的形成 ,而分子量为 1 5×10 6透明质酸钠不仅具有抗炎作用 ,而且能抑制成纤维细胞的渗出 ,促进组织修复 ,减少瘢痕形成。结论 :两种透明质酸钠均具有预防术后硬膜外粘连作用 ,但以分子量 1 5× 10 6透明质酸钠效果更优     

睾丸恶性淋巴瘤二例报告

睾丸恶性淋巴瘤是一种极为少见的恶性程度较高的非生殖细胞性肿瘤。我院近年来收治2例,均为双侧性肿瘤,现报告如下。例1男,46岁。左侧睾丸肿大6个月,右侧睾丸肿大1个月,于1983年7月18日入院。体检:全身淋巴结及肝脾无肿大。左侧睾丸约8×7×6cm,右侧睾丸约6×5×4cm。两侧包块质地均较硬,表面光滑,轻度触痛。睾丸附睾界限不清,两侧精索增粗。实验室检查:Hb14.9g/dl,RBC5.16×10~(12)/L,WBC4.7×10~9/L,N50%,L20%,E30%,血小板11×10~9/L,ESR22mm/h。胸透(一)。术前诊断:双侧睾丸肿瘤。1983年7月21日行左侧根治性睾丸切除术。病理报告:睾丸附睾弥     

三苯氧胺治疗男性不育症

作者用三苯氧胺(Tamoxifen)治疗了26例原发性男性不育症(无精子症除外)。对象和方法年龄26～41岁,平均32岁。婚期13～110个月,平均48个月。服药前精子数10×10~6/ml以下6例,10×10~6～30×10~6/ml 7例,30×10~6～50×10~6/ml 4例,正常9例;运动率在50％以上仅4例。分别在治疗前后测定血中LH、FSH、睾酮、催乳素、雌二醇的含量,及精子数量和运动率。以三苯氧胺枸橼酸盐20mg/日连续服用12周。结果治疗前精子数在30×10~6/ml以上的13例中,4例显著增加,1例改善;在30×10~6/     

血液净化在肝移植围手术期的应用

目的探讨血液净化在肝移植围手术期患者中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析42例肝移植围手术期患者进行血液净化包括血浆置换(plasma exchange,PE)和持续肾脏替代治疗(continuous renal replacement therapy,CRRT)的结果。结果29例肝移植患者移植前后行PE治疗(其中5例联合血液灌流),25例患者顺利过渡到肝移植,移植后的25例患者1年存活率为68%。PE治疗前后CD3~+分别为70．5%±9．3%及53．9%±6．4%,CD8~+(29．7%±8．1%,18．9%±7．3%)和CD25~+(12．3%±6．4%,9．6%±5．9%)下降,CD20~+(10．9%±6．9%,22．0%±8．6%)上升,IgG [(16．9±2．4)g/L,(12．2±1．5)g/L]和IgA[(6．4±1．5)g/L,(3．6±0．8)g/L)]下降,补体C3 [(0．35±0．17)g/L,(0．60±0．19)g/L)]和CH50[(9．6±3．0)×10~4U/L,(15．7±1．3)×10~4U/L]增高。19例患者移植前后进行CRRT治疗,9例肾功能恢复,移植后存活7例。移植后需要CRRT支持的17例患者1年存活率为41．2%。7例患者既行PE又行CRRT治疗,移植后4例存活。治疗期间无严重并发症发生。结论血浆置换可以改善患者凝血功能及一般情况;肝移植加人工肝支持系统是治疗肝衰竭的有效方法;以CRRT为基础的综合疗法能有效治疗肝移植术后急性肾衰竭的患者。     

一例骨髓增生异常综合征并脓毒血症患者的护理

一、病例患者,男,33岁。因头昏、乏力1年余,牙痛、发热4天入院。检查:Hb28g/L,R1.05×10~(12)/L,W1.0×10~9/L,血片见少数原始细胞。网织红0.1％。血小板16×10~9/L。骨髓增生明显活跃,原始细胞8％,幼红细胞呈类巨幼变与核畸形,小巨核细胞易见。诊断:骨髓增生异常综合征(mDS)—RAEB并牙龈炎。经用抗菌素治疗后炎症消退。入院5月后复出现高热,相继并发右膝化脓性关节炎、     

腹腔镜脾切除术37例临床分析

目的:探讨腹腔镜脾切除术的方法和疗效。方法:回顾分析37例患者行腹腔镜脾切除术的临床资料。结果:35例手术获得成功,平均手术时间177min,术中平均出血125ml,切除脾重量平均为667g,平均住院7.5d。术后无并发症发生。术后血小板从平均38×109/L[(26~67)×109/L]上升至201×109/L[(102~662)×109/L]。结论:腹腔镜脾切除术是一种安全、有效、微创的手术。     

脾血管瘤自发性破裂一例报告

患者男性,56岁。因突然腹痛30小时入院。痛自上腹蔓延全腹,持续性,伴恶心呕吐,畏寒低热,心慌,无外伤史,体检:T36.2℃、P100次/分、BP13.3/10.7KPa。腹平软,全腹肌紧,压痛,反跳痛,有移动性浊音,肠鸣吾低。腹腔穿刺有不凝血。实验室检杏:Hb70g/1,RBC2×10~(12)/L,WBC12×10~9/L,N0.81,L0.19。术中见腹内积血1200ml,脾大12×12×10cm~3,膈而不规则碎     

阿仑膦酸钠对大鼠成骨细胞增殖的影响

目的观察阿仑膦酸钠对大鼠成骨细胞增殖的影响,探讨局部使用防治人工关节无菌性松动的可行性。方法取2代培养的大鼠成骨细胞在阿仑膦酸钠为1×10-10、1×10-9、1×10-8、1×10-7、1×10-6、1×10-5、1×10-4mol/L浓度的培养液中培养,MTT检测阿仑膦酸钠对成骨细胞增殖的影响。结果10-4、10-5mol/L浓度的阿仑膦酸钠抑制成骨细胞增殖,1×10-9、1×10-10mol/L对成骨细胞的增殖没有影响,1×10-6、1×10-7、1×10-8mol/L促进成骨细胞的增殖,1×10-8mol/L对成骨细胞的增殖作用最强。结论阿仑膦酸钠有利于成骨细胞的增殖功能,并且这种作用具有最适合的浓度。     

胆囊肉瘤样癌一例

患者 ,女 ,76岁。因“发现右季肋部包块并疼痛 1周”入院。入院时查体 :体温正常 ,皮肤巩膜未见明显的黄疸。稍消瘦 ,明现腹胀 ,轻度肌卫 ,右肋缘下可明显触及一肿块 ,大小约 11× 6 cm。血常规检查 :白血球 11.4× 10 9/ L,Hb10 1g/ L,血小板 30 5× 10 9/ L。 AKP、SGPT、SGOT、CA1 9- 9、AFP、CEA均在正常范围。B超示胆囊增大 ,腔内见直径约 7.3× 5 .6 cm的实性肿块和多发结石。 CT检查显示肿块占满胆囊 ,胆囊壁不规则增厚。术前诊断为胆囊恶性肿瘤和胆囊结石。术中发现胆囊呈囊实性肿大 ,表面有不规则突起 ,并粘连浸润到右…     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

A comparison of the inhibitory effects of four volatile anaesthetics on the metabolism of chlorzoxazone, a substrate for CYP2E1, in rabbits

Background: Halothane inhibits in vitro and in vivo activity of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 2E1. There are several fluorinated volatile anaesthetics besides halothane, and most of them are defluorinated by CYP2E1. It is unclear whether other fluorinated anaesthetics inhibit the in vivo activity of CYP2E1.
Methods: We compared the inhibitory effects of therapeutic concentrations of four inhalational anaesthetics, halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane, on chlorzoxazone metabolism in rabbits receiving artificial ventilation.
Results: All four inhalational anaesthetics decreased arterial blood pressure and increased plasma chlorzoxazone concentration. However, no significant differences in the plasma chlorzoxazone concentration were found between the four anaesthetics. The estimated chlorzoxazone clearance increased after beginning inhalation with all four agents, but no significant difference in clearance was noted between agents.
Conclusions: At therapeutic concentrations, the in vivo inhibitory effect on chlorzoxazone metabolism was similar for all four inhalational anaesthetics examined, even though their chemical characteristics and extent of hepatic metabolism differ considerably.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Synergistic interaction between the effects of propofol and midazolam with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity in rabbits

Background: It has been shown that the depressive effects of both propofol and midazolam on consciousness are synergistic with opioids, but the nature of their interactions on other physiological systems, e. g. respiration, has not been fully investigated. The present study examined the effect of propofol and midazolam alone and in combination with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and whether such interactions are additive or synergistic. Methods: PNA was recorded in 27 anaesthetised and artificially ventilated rabbits. In three groups, propofol, fentanyl and midazolam were administered intravenously in incremental doses to construct dose-response curves for the depressant effects of each one on PNA. In another two groups, the effect of pretreatment with either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. on the effects of propofol and fentanyl respectively on PNA were studied. Results: Propofol and fentanyl caused a dose-dependent depression of PNA with complete abolition at the highest total doses of 16 mg · kg^?1 i. v. and 32 μg · kg^?1 i. v., respectively. In contrast, midazolam in incremental doses to a total of 0.8 mg · kg^?1 reduced mean PNA by 63%, but approximately 12% of PNA remained at a total dose as high as 6.4 mg · kg^?1. The mean ED₅₀s, calculated from dose-response curves, were 5.4 mg · kg^?1, 3.9 μg · kg^?1 and 0.4 mg · kg^?1 for propofol, fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. Initial doses of either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. acted synergistically with subsequent doses of either propofol or fentanyl to abolish PNA at total doses of 8 mg · kg^?1 and 8 μg · kg^?1, respectively. Conclusion: Fentanyl has a synergistic interaction with both propofol and midazolam on PNA and hence potentially on respiration.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.     

Systemic analgesia adapted to the children's condition

A concept of balanced analgesia using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), paracetamol (acetaminophen), opioids, and corticosteroids can also be used in patients with pre-existing illnesses. NSAIDs are the most effective treatment for acute pain of moderate intensity in children; however, these drugs should be avoided in patients at increased risk for serious side effects, e.g. patients with renal impairment, bleeding tendency, or extreme prematurity. NSAIDs can be given with minimal risks to the younger child with mild to moderate asthma, and, in these patients, the use of steroids can be encouraged; in addition to their antiemetic and analgesic action, a beneficial effect on asthma symptoms can be expected. In the non-intubated child with cerebral trauma, exaggerated sedation caused by opioids and increased bleeding tendency caused by NSAIDs must be avoided. In neonates and small infants, the oral administration of sucrose or glucose is helpful to minimize pain reaction during short uncomfortable interventions.