地塞米松对谷氨酸升高海马神经元胞内[Ca~(2+)]i作用的影响

为了研究谷氨酸致痫和人工合成的糖皮质激素地塞米松抑痫作用的细胞内机制,本文在ＥＰＣ ９ 光电联合检测系统上用Ｆｕｒａ ２ 阳离子检测法观察了地塞米松对谷氨酸引起的培养乳鼠海马神经细胞内［Ｃａ２＋ ］ｉ 的影响。结果：（１）谷氨酸引起海马神经元内［Ｃａ２＋ ］ｉ 显著升高,ＥＧＴＡ（５ ｍ ｍ ｏｌ／Ｌ）耗竭细胞外钙后,谷氨酸升钙作用消失,给予氯化钙（１ ｍ ｍ ｏｌ／Ｌ）后其升钙作用恢复：Ｖｅｒａｐａｍ ｉｌ（１０ μｍ ｏｌ／Ｌ）对谷氨酸升钙作用无明显的影响,ＭＫ ８０１（１０ μｍ ｏｌ／Ｌ,ＮＭ ＤＡ 受体特异性非竞争性阻断剂）可明显阻断谷氨酸的升钙作用。（２）地塞米松（１００ μｍ ｏｌ／Ｌ）作用２ ｈ 明显抑制了谷氨酸（２００ μｍ ｏｌ／Ｌ）的升钙作用,地塞米松（１００ μｍ ｏｌ／Ｌ）＋ 放线菌酮（１０ μｍ ｏｌ／Ｌ,蛋白合成抑制剂）共同作用２ ｈ,再加入谷氨酸,则地塞米松的抑制作用消失,地塞米松（１００ μｍ ｏｌ／Ｌ）作用２ ｍ ｉｎ 对谷氨酸（２００ μｍ ｏｌ／Ｌ）的升钙作用无明显影响。本实验结果提示,谷氨酸通过ＮＭ ＤＡ 受体介导的外钙内流升高了海马神经元胞内［Ｃａ２＋ ］ｉ,地塞米松可能通过基因组机制抑制了谷氨酸的这种升     

体外培养的人胸腺上皮细胞与胸腺细胞的相互作用

人胸腺上皮细胞（ＴＥｃ）的体外培养和传代，使研究人ＴＥｃ的特性和功能成为可能。人ＴＥｃ体外培养成功的关键是抑制成纤维细胞的生长。体外培养的人ＴＥｃ除表达角蛋白外，还表达ＨＬＡ－Ｉ类抗原、ＬＦＡ－３，ＩＣＡＭ－１和ＣＤ４０等表面抗原；可分泌ＩＬ－１，ＩＬ－６，ＩＬ－８，ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ，Ｇ－ＣＳＦ和Ｍ－ＣＳＦ等多种细胞因子和胸腺素；静息的胸腺细胞与ＴＥＳ的结合由ＣＤ２／ＬＦＡ－３介导，激活的胸腺细胞与ＴＥＣ的结合由ＣＤ２／ＬＦＡ－３和ＬＦＡ－１／ＩＣＡＭ－１共同介导；ＴＥＣ对成熟的胸腺细胞有辅助增殖的作用，对不成熟的胸腺细胞有直接激活作用：胸腺细胞可通过直接作用和分泌细胞因子的间接作用来调节ＴＥＣ的细胞因子分泌和表面抗原表达。     

PREPARATION OF COLLAGEN/HYDROXYLAPATITE COMPOSITE FILLING PLASTIC MATERIAL AND ANIMAL EXPERIMENT STUDY

ＰＲＥＰＡＲＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＣＯＬＬＡＧＥＮ／ＨＹＤＲＯＸＹＬＡＰＡＴＩＴＥＣＯＭＰＯＳＩＴＥＦＩＬＬＩＮＧＰＬＡＳＴＩＣＭＡＴＥＲＩＡＬＡＮＤＡＮＩＭＡＬＥＸＰＥＲＩＭＥＮＴＳＴＵＤＹＰＲＥＰＡＲＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＣＯＬＬＡＧＥＮ／ＨＹＤＲＯＸＹＬＡＰＡ...     

激光损伤视网膜后神经元凋亡及GFAP表达的研究

目的 观察兔视网膜激光损伤后神经元细胞有无凋亡改变及视网膜Ｍｕｌｌｅｒ细胞胶质纤维酸性蛋白（ＧＦＡＰ）的表达变化。方法 应用末脱氧核苷酸转移酶介导的ｄＵＴＰ－Ｘ切口末标记法（ＴＵＮＥＬ法）标记凋亡细胞。应用免疫组化染色显示视网膜Ｍｕｌｌｅｒ细胞ＧＦＡＰ表示。结果伤后６ｈ、１、３、７ｄ视网膜各层可见散在分布的ＴＵＮＥＬ阳性凋亡细胞,尤以外核层多见,伤后３ｄ,视网膜可见Ｍｕｌｌｅｒ细胞ＧＦＡＰ表达;伤     

LIGHT SCATTERING PROPERTY OF HUMAN BLOOD AT THE WAVELENGTH OF 810NM

ＬＩＧＨＴＳＣＡＴＴＥＲＩＮＧＰＲＯＰＥＲＴＹＯＦＨＵＭＡＮＢＬＯＯＤＡＴＴＨＥＷＡＶＥＬＥＮＧＴＨＯＦ８１０ＮＭＬＩＧＨＴＳＣＡＴＴＥＲＩＮＧＰＲＯＰＥＲＴＹＯＦＨＵＭＡＮＢＬＯＯＤＡＴＴＨＥＷＡＶＥＬＥＮＧＴＨＯＦ８１０ＮＭＪｉａｎＺｈｏｎｇ；Ｄ...     

成年大鼠星形细胞经LPS、前炎症因子和免疫调节因子刺激后β-趋化因子的分泌

目的研究在中枢神经系统（ＣＮＳ）的炎症性疾病中,作为构成血脑屏障结构的组成部分之一,可引起白细胞浸润的星形细胞分泌趋化因子的影响因素。方法通过星形细胞体外培养,经不同细胞因子刺激,用原位杂交检测成年大鼠星形细胞β－家系趋化因子的ｍＲＮＡ表达。结果ＩＦＮ－γ可引起ＭＣＰ－１,ＲＡＮＴＥＳ,ＭＩＰ－１α和ＭＩＰ－１β的ｍＲＮＡ表达;ＴＮＦ－α可引起ＲＡＮＴＥＳ和ＭＩＰ－１β的ｍＲＮＡ表达;ＬＰＳ可引起ＭＩＰ－１α和ＭＩＰ－１β的ｍＲＮＡ表达。ＴＧＦ－β和ＩＬ－１０下调由ＬＰＳ引起的ＭＣＰ－１和ＭＩＰ－１α和ＭＩＰ－１βｍＲＮＡ表达。ＴＧＦ－β和ＩＬ－１０可抑制由ＴＮＦ－α引起的ＭＣＰ－１和ＲＡＮＴＥＳ的ｍＲＮＡ表达。ＩＬ－１０还可下调由ＴＮＦ－α引起的ＭＩＰ－１βｍＲＮＡ表达。结论成年大鼠体外试验中的星形细胞可由ＬＰＳ和前炎症因子刺激,产生β－家系趋化因子ｍＲＮＡ的表达。而调节因子如ＴＧＦ－β和ＩＬ－１０可抑制由ＩＦＮ－γ、ＴＮＦ－α和ＬＰＳ引起的β－家系趋化因子的ｍＲＮＡ表达。     

EFFECTS OF PULSE MAGNETIC FIELD ON CHANGES OF RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTY

ＥＦＦＥＣＴＳＯＦＰＵＬＳＥＭＡＧＮＥＴＩＣＦＩＥＬＤＯＮＣＨＡＮＧＥＳＯＦＲＨＥＯＬＯＧＩＣＡＬＰＲＯＰＥＲＴＹＥＦＦＥＣＴＳＯＦＰＵＬＳＥＭＡＧＮＥＴＩＣＦＩＥＬＤＯＮＣＨＡＮＧＥＳＯＦＲＨＥＯＬＯＧＩＣＡＬＰＲＯＰＥＲＴＹＷａｎｇＴｉａｎｙｏｕ...     

反义Gαq／11亚基ODNs对平滑肌细胞DNA合成和PC蛋白表达的 …

目的：探讨Ｇｑ蛋白介导血管活性多肽对ＶＳＭＣＤＮＡ合成及增殖细胞核抗原（ＰＣＮＡ）蛋白表达的影响。方法：用硫代的Ｇαｑ／１１亚基反义寡聚脱氧核苷酸，以６μｍｏｌ／Ｌ的浓度加入含１０＾－７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ刺激无血清ＤＭＥＭ培养基中体外培养ＶＳＭＣ。用＾５Ｈ－ＴｄＲ掺入法测定ＶＳＭＣＤＮＡ合成，免疫细胞化学技术检测ＶＳＭＣＰＣＮＡ蛋白表达。结果：Ｇαｑ／１１ＡＳ－ＯＤＮｓ可明显抑制ＶＳＭＣＤＮＡＲ的合成，在     

163体外培养的人胸原上皮细胞与胸腺细胞的相互作用

人胸腺上皮细胞（ＴＥＣ）的体外培养和传代。使研究人ＴＥＣ的特性和功能成为可能。人ＴＥＣ体外培养成功的关键是抑制成纤维细胞的生长。体外培养的ＴＥＣ除表达角蛋外，还表达ＨＬＡ－Ｉ类抗原，ＬＦＡ－３，ＩＣＡＭ－１和ＣＤ４０等表面抗原；可分泌ＩＬ－１，ＩＬ－６，ＩＬ－８，ＧＭ＿ＣＳＦ，Ｇ＿ＣＳＦ和Ｍ＿ＣＳＦ等多种细胞因子和胸腺素；静息的胸腺细胞与ＴＥＣ的结合由ＣＤ２／ＬＦＡ－３介导，激活的胸腺细胞与ＴＥＣ     

α-黑素细胞刺激素体外对星形胶质细胞产生NO和前炎性细胞因子的影响

目的：研究α－黑素细胞刺激素（α－ＭＳＨ）对ＬＰＳ诱导星形胶质细胞产生ＮＯ和前炎性细胞因子的影响。探讨α－ＭＳＨ的抗炎作用机制。方法：分别用ＬＰＳ或α－ＭＳＨ＋ＬＰＳ处理体外培养的大鼠脑星形胶质细胞,用Ｇｒｉｅｓｓ试剂测定ＮＯ,以ＭＴＴ显色法检测ＩＬ－１、ＩＬ－６和ＴＮＦ－α,采用半定量ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ检测ＭＩＦｍＲＮＡ表达。结果：体外培养的星形胶质细胞在ＬＰＳ刺激下产生ＮＯ、ＩＬ－１、ＩＬ－６、ＴＮＦ－α和表达ＭＩＦｍＲＮＡ表达。结果：体外的星形胶质细胞在ＬＰＳ刺激下产生ＮＯ、ＩＬ－１、ＩＬ－６、ＴＮＦ－α和表达ＭＩＦｍＲＮＡ显著增高;若同时给予ＬＰＳ和α－ＭＳＨ,可明显降低ＮＯ、ＩＬ－１、ＩＬ－６和ＴＮＦ－α的产生以及ＭＩＦｍＲＮＡ表达。结论：Ｒ昧α－ＭＳＨ抑制星形胶质细胞产生ＮＯ和前炎性细胞因子与其抑制中枢神     

肿瘤坏死因子影响星形胶质细胞分泌神经生长因子的实验研究

为了探索肿瘤坏死因子 α对星形胶质细胞分泌神经生长因子的影响，本实验采取３ 种不同浓度的肿瘤坏死因子 α培养液分别施加于纯化培养的新生大鼠星形胶质细胞，作用２４、４８、７２ ｈ。随后用间接ＥＬＩＳＡ 法测定培养上清液中神经生长因子的含量。结果证明：不同浓度的肿瘤坏死因子 α作用不同时间后可不同程度地促进星形胶质细胞分泌神经生长因子。提示肿瘤坏死因子 α可以影响星形胶质细胞对神经生长因子的表达。     

Astrocytic control of synaptic NMDA receptors

Astrocytes express a wide range of G-protein coupled receptors that trigger release of intracellular Ca²⁺, including P2Y, bradykinin and protease activated receptors (PARs). By using the highly sensitive sniffer-patch technique, we demonstrate that the activation of P2Y receptors, bradykinin receptors and protease activated receptors all stimulate glutamate release from cultured or acutely dissociated astrocytes. Of these receptors, we have utilized PAR1 as a model system because of favourable pharmacological and molecular tools, its prominent expression in astrocytes and its high relevance to neuropathological processes. Astrocytic PAR1-mediated glutamate release in vitro is Ca²⁺ dependent and activates NMDA receptors on adjacent neurones in culture. Activation of astrocytic PAR1 in hippocampal slices induces an APV-sensitive inward current in CA1 neurones and causes APV-sensitive neuronal depolarization in CA1 neurones, consistent with release of glutamate from astrocytes. PAR1 activation enhances the NMDA receptor-mediated component of synaptic miniature EPSCs, evoked EPSCs and evoked EPSPs in a Mg²⁺-dependent manner, which may reflect spine head depolarization and consequent reduction of NMDA receptor Mg²⁺ block during subsequent synaptic currents. The release of glutamate from astrocytes following PAR1 activation may also lead to glutamate occupancy of some perisynaptic NMDA receptors, which pass current following relief of tonic Mg²⁺ block during synaptic depolarization. These results suggest that astrocytic G-protein coupled receptors that increase intracellular Ca²⁺ can tune synaptic NMDA receptor responses.     

Noradrenaline- and glutamate-induced taurine release from bulk isolated adult rat astrocytes.

The influence of noradrenaline and various agonists of glutamatergic receptors on preloaded [3H]taurine release from bulk isolated adult rat brain astrocytes was investigated by a superfusion technique. In the presence of 1 mM noradrenaline a stimulation of taurine release, resembling that observed in astroglial cultures, was preceded by an inhibition of the efflux, thus demonstrating different dynamics of noradrenaline-evoked taurine release from that observed with beta-agonists on cultured astroglia. Application of 1 mM glutamate and kainate produced stimulation of the release, while 1 mM N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and 1 mM NMDA together with 65 mM K+ had no effect on the [3H]taurine release. These data suggest the presence of kainate-sensitive and the absence of NMDA-sensitive glutamate receptors on bulk isolated astrocytes, which is consistent with previous observations on astrocytes in culture.     

红景天苷对谷氨酸损伤海马神经元的保护作用

目的观察红景天苷(salidroside)对谷氨酸(Glu)损伤海马神经元的保护作用。方法胚鼠原代培养海马神经元,与不同浓度的红景天苷(10、20和40mg/L)共同孵育24h,加入125μmol/L谷氨酸损伤海马神经元15min。采用MTT法检测细胞活性;生化法测定培养液中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活力的变化;膜联蛋白-V-FITC(annexin V-FITC)和碘化吡啶(PI)双标染色以及Hoechst染色观察细胞凋亡情况;激光共焦显微镜观察细胞内Ca2 的变化。结果红景天苷可明显改善谷氨酸损伤后细胞的活性,抑制谷氨酸损伤后培养液中LDH的活力,降低谷氨酸引起的细胞凋亡率,降低谷氨酸损伤后细胞内的Ca2 浓度。结论红景天苷可明显拮抗谷氨酸损伤海马神经元的作用,其机制可能与抑制谷氨酸引起的Ca2 内流有关。     

Morphological evidence for vesicular glutamate release from astrocytes

There is now growing evidence that astrocytes, like neurons, can release transmitters. One transmitter that in a vast number of studies has been shown to be released from astrocytes is glutamate. Although asytrocytic glutamate may be released by several mechanisms, the evidence in favor of exocytosis is most compelling. Astrocytes may respond to neuronal activity by such exocytotic release of glutamate. The astrocyte derived glutamate can in turn activate neuronal glutamate receptors, in particular N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Here we review the morphological data supporting that astrocytes possess the machinery for exocytosis of glutamate. We describe the presence of small synaptic-like microvesicles, SNARE proteins and vesicular glutamate transporters in astrocytes, as well as NMDA receptors situated in vicinity of the astrocytic vesicles.     

细菌脂多糖对培养星形胶质细胞中Src抑制的蛋白激酶C底物表达的影响

目的 研究细菌脂多糖(LPS)对培养的大鼠星形胶质细胞中Src抑制的蛋白激酶C的底物(SSeCKS)表达的影响.方法 培养的星形胶质细胞随机分为空白对照组、LPS单一刺激组、LPS联合PKC抑制剂(RO-31-8220)刺激组.运用荧光定量PCR(Real time RT-PCR)、免疫印迹和免疫细胞化学法分析SSeCKS的表达变化和亚细胞定位.结果 Real time RT-PCR显示,LPS可以上调SSeCKS mRNA水平,在作用浓度为100 μg/L和1 mg/L时与对照组有显著差异(P＜0.01).Western blotting表明,当LPS作用浓度为100 μg/L时,SSeCKS蛋白表达量明显上调;在此浓度作用下,SSeCKS表达于6 h达高峰并广泛磷酸化,至24 h其蛋白表达仍维持于较高水平.免疫细胞化学分析显示,正常情况下,SSeCKS散在分布于胞质,于胞膜略有浓集.在LPS单一刺激组,SSeCKS富集于核周;当LPS联合RO-31-8220共同作用时,SSeCKS的亚细胞定位与正常组无明显差异.结论 在体外培养的星形胶质细胞中,LPS可诱导SSeCKS表达,上调其磷酸化水平,影响其细胞内定位.这些改变与PKC的功能相关.提示SSeCKS可能参与星形胶质细胞中炎症信号的转导.     

Effects of antioxidant and NF-κB on the induction of iNOS gene in rat pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells in vitro

Effects of antioxidant and NF-κB on the induction of iNOS gene in rat pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells in vitro     

Neuroprotective effects of yokukansan,a traditional japanese medicine,on glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity in cultured cells

To clarify the mechanism of yokukansan (TJ-54), a traditional Japanese medicine, against glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity, the effects of TJ-54 on glutamate uptake function were first examined using cultured rat cortical astrocytes. Under thiamine-deficient conditions, the uptake of glutamate into astrocytes, and the levels of proteins and mRNA expressions of glutamate aspartate transporter of astrocytes significantly decreased. These decreases were ameliorated in a dose-dependent manner by treatment with TJ-54 (100–700 μg/ml). The improvement of glutamate uptake with TJ-54 was completely blocked by the glutamate transporter inhibitor dl-threo-β-hydroxyaspartic acid. Effects of TJ-54 on glutamate-induced neuronal death were next examined by using cultured PC12 cells as a model for neurons. Addition of 17.5 mM glutamate to the culture medium induced an approximately 50% cell death, as evaluated by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. TJ-54 (1–1000 μg/ml) inhibited the cell death in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, competitive binding assays to glutamate receptors showed that TJ-54 bound potently to N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors, in particular, to its glutamate and glycine recognition sites. These results suggest that TJ-54 may exert a neuroprotective effect against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity not only by amelioration of dysfunction of astrocytes but also by direct protection of neuronal cells.     

抗CD81抗体对星形胶质细胞增殖的抑制作用

目的 研究抗CD81抗体在星形胶质细胞增殖中的作用.方法 将纯化的星形胶质细胞分为6组,加入不同浓度抗CD81抗体,其浓度依次为0、0.1mg/L、0.5mg/L、1mg/L、5mg/L、10mg/L,以四甲基噻唑蓝(MTT)比色法检测细胞活性.在此检测结果的基础上,选出3个有意义的浓度组,加入浓度分别为0、0.5mg/L、5mg/L的抗CD81抗体,采用流式细胞术观察抗CD81抗体对星形胶质细胞周期的影响并进行统计学分析.结果 抗CD81抗体对星形胶质细胞的增殖有抑制作用,并呈一定的剂量依赖性.加入抗CD81抗体培养24 h后,实验组的星形胶质细胞处于G0/G1期的细胞指数减少,S期细胞指数增多.结论 抗CD81抗体抑制了星形胶质细胞的增殖,使星形胶质细胞的细胞周期受阻,阻滞于S期.     

外周NMDA受体介导蜜蜂毒诱导的持续性伤害性反应的行为学研究(英文)

为了探讨外周 NMDA受体是否介导大鼠足底皮下注入蜜蜂毒诱导的持续伤害性行为反应 ,本研究应用动物痛行为学定量方法评价局部用药对持续伤害性行为反应的作用效果。大鼠足底皮下注入蜜蜂毒可以诱导动物产生长达 1h以上的持续、单相性的自发痛反应 ,其表现为自发缩足反射、抬足、舔足甚至咬足行为。注入蜜蜂毒之前局部给予非竞争性的 NMDA受体通道阻断剂氯胺酮和 MK-80 1。局部注入 2 5 m mol/L和 5 0 mmol/L氯胺酮可剂量依赖性地抑制大鼠的缩足次数和抬足、舔足时间 ,其对缩足反射的抑制率分别为 2 0 .90± 2 .88%和 45 .76± 13 .99% ,对抬足、舔足时间的抑制率分别为 3 9.5 3± 10 .0 5 %和 5 9.94±5 .5 3 %。同样 ,局部注入 10 μmol/L和 10 0 μmol/L的 MK-80 1也产生了类似的抑制作用 ,其对缩足反射的抑制率分别为 2 2 .84±3 .12 %和 49.5 3± 5 .3 6% ;对抬足、舔足时间的抑制率分别为 17.49± 5 .67%和 5 3 .49± 3 .87%。然而 ,对侧足底注入氯胺酮和MK-80 1对同侧蜜蜂毒诱导的自发痛反应没有影响 ,说明氯胺酮和 MK-80 1的作用并非全身效应。本实验提示外周 NMDA受体的激活参与蜜蜂毒诱导的持续自发痛反应过程