综合康复训练改善恢复期精神分裂症患者述情障碍的效果

目的 探讨综合康复训练对改善恢复期精神分裂症患述情障碍的效果。方法 将96例病人分为训练组和对照组，采用多伦多述障碍量表（TAS）评分。结果 训练组总分和因子Ⅰ，因子Ⅱ，因子Ⅳ显低于对照组，因子Ⅲ显高于对照组。结论 综合康复训练能够有效地改善恢复期精神分裂症患述情障碍。     

综合训练对恢复期精神分裂症患者述情障碍的影响

目的:探讨综合训练对恢复期精神分裂症患者述情障碍的影响。方法:将110例恢复期精神分裂症患者按随机数字表分为研究组和对照组各55例,对照组按照精神科疾病护理常规进行护理,研究组在对照组基础上从疾病自我监控技能、认知、自信心、情感表达4个方面进行综合训练;于第12周末采用阳性和阴性综合量表(PANSS)对患者精神症状进行评定,采用多伦多述情障碍量表(TAS-26)对患者情感表达能力进行评定。结果:研究组干预后PANSS评分、TAS-26评分低于干预前和对照组同期(P0.05)。结论:对恢复期精神分裂症患者实施综合训练,能够改善其精神症状,降低述情障碍,提升情感表达能力。     

社交技能训练对恢复期精神分裂症患者述情障碍的影响

目的:评估社交技能训练对恢复期精神分裂症患者述情障碍的影响,。方法:将广西龙泉山医院精神科住院的恢复期精神分裂症患者52例随机分为研究组和对照组,每组26例,两组均常规使用抗精神药物治疗,研究组进行社交技能训练8周,于治疗前后应用多伦多述情障碍量表(TAS)评定疗效。结果:疗程结束后,研究组TAS总分(61.13±8.72)和因子Ⅰ(描述情感的能力,2.21±0.38)、因子Ⅱ(认识和区别情绪和躯体感受的能力,2.62±0.82)、因子Ⅳ得分(外向型思维,2.52±0.79)显著低于对照组,差异有显著性(t=2.403～4.574,P<0.05～0.01),因子Ⅲ(缺乏幻想)得分与对照组比较,差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论:社交技能训练能有效改善恢复期精神分裂症患者的述情障碍。     

精神分裂症患者述情障碍与精神症状关系的研究

目的探讨精神分裂症患者的述情障碍及其与精神症状的相关性。方法将61例精神分裂症患者设为研究组,随机抽取63名健康志愿者为对照组,采用多伦多述情障碍量表、阳性症状量表和阴性症状量表进行评定分析。结果多伦多述情障碍量表评分研究组因子III显著高于对照组(P<0.05),总分及其它各因子分均极显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。研究组多伦多述情障碍量表总分和因子I评分与阳性症状量表总分及幻觉因子分呈显著正相关(P<0.05或0.01),而与阴性症状量表评分无显著相关性。结论精神分裂症患者存在述情障碍,患者的情绪表达缺陷与某些阳性症状相关,具有较多的异质性。     

社交技能训练对恢复期精神分裂症患者述情障碍的影响

目的：评估社交技能训练对恢复期精神分裂症患者述情障碍的影响。方法：将广西龙泉山医院精神科住院的恢复期精神分裂症患者52例随机分为研究组和对照组，每组26例，两组均常规使用抗精神药物治疗，研究组进行社交技能训练8周，于治疗前后应用多伦多述情障碍量表(TAS)评定疗效。结果：疗程结束后，研究组TAs总分(61．13&;#177;8．72)和因子Ⅰ(描述情感的能力，2．21&;#177;038)、因子Ⅱ(认识和区别情绪和躯体感受的能力，2．62&;#177;0．82)、因子Ⅳ得分(外向型思维，2．52&;#177;0．79)显著低于对照组，差异有显著性(t=2．403-4．574，P&;lt;0.05-0．01，因子Ⅲ(缺乏幻想)得分与对照组比较，差异无显著性(P&;gt;0．05)。结论：社交技能训练能有效改善恢复期精神分裂症患者的述情障碍。     

精神分裂症患者共情缺陷与述情障碍及其护理对策

目的调查精神分裂症患者共情能力与述情能力,探讨共情缺陷与述情障碍间的关系。方法采用人际反应指针量表（IRI-C）、多伦多述情障碍量表（TAS-20）对186例精神分裂症患者进行评估,与185名正常对照者比较。结果与对照组比较,患者组IRI-C总分及观点采择（PT）因子、幻想力（FS）因子、同情性关心（EC）因子分显著减低（P〈0.01）;TAS-20总分及各因子分均显著高于对照组（P〈0.01）;患者组IRI-C评分与TAS-20评分间存在相关。结论精神分裂症患者存在广泛的共情缺陷,述情障碍与共情缺陷存在相关,提示高级情绪技能训练在精神分裂症患者社会功能康复护理中具有重要意义。     

康复期精神病罪犯述情障碍调查

目的：了解康复期精神病罪犯的述情障碍。方法对53例康复期精神分裂症罪犯（精神分裂症组）和27例心境障碍罪犯（心境障碍组）及12名健康罪犯（对照组）采用多伦多述情障碍量表进行测评分析。结果精神分裂症组多伦多述情障碍量表总分及难以识别自己的情感、外向性思维因子分显著高于对照组（ P＜0．05或0．01）,心境障碍组总分及3个因子分均显著高于对照组（P＜0．05或0．01）;精神分裂症组与心境障碍组比较差异无显著性（P＞0．05）。结论康复期精神分裂症、心境障碍罪犯均存在不同程度的述情障碍,对该类群体加强有针对性的心理干预,有助于改善其述情障碍。     

精神分裂症患者述情障碍与病耻感相关性研究

目的探讨精神分裂症患者述情障碍与病耻感体验的相关性。方法对245例精神分裂症患者（研究组）及213名健康体检者（对照组）采用多伦多述情障碍量表、中文版精神疾病患者病耻感量表、阳性与阴性症状量表进行测评分析。结果研究组多伦多述情障碍量表总分及各因子分均显著高于对照组（P〈0．01）;经Pearson相关分析,研究组阳性与阴性症状量表总分、阳性症状分及阴性症状分与中文版精神疾病患者病耻感量表因子3评分均呈显著正相关（P〈0．05或0．01）,而与多伦多述情障碍量表评分无显著相关性;研究组多伦多述情障碍量表总分及各因子分与中文版精神疾病患者病耻感量表总分及多项因子分呈显著正相关（P〈0．05或0．01）。结论精神分裂症患者存在述情障碍,述情障碍越明显其病耻感体验越强。     

康复训练对慢性精神分裂症患者日常生活能力和社会功能的影响

目的探讨康复训练对慢性精神分裂症患者日常生活能力和社会功能的影响。方法将58例慢性精神分裂症患者随机分为训练组30例,对照组28例。两组均常规应用抗精神病药物治疗及护理,训练组在此基础上接受为期12周的临床康复训练。采用阳性与阴性症状量表、住院精神病人社会功能评定量表评定临床效果。结果训练组训练12周末阳性与阴性症状量表总分及各因子分均较训练前显著下降,且显著低于对照组（P〈0．01）;住院精神病人社会功能评定量表总分及各因子分均较训练前显著升高,且显著高于对照组（P〈0．05或0．01）。结论慢性精神分裂症患者在药物治疗基础上联合康复训练,能显著缓解各种精神症状,提高日常生活能力,改善社会功能。     

精神分裂症患者述情障碍与生活质量和精神症状的相关性研究

目的 探讨精神分裂症患者述情障碍与生活质量和精神症状的相关性,为药物治疗和心理干预提供依据.方法 将170例精神分裂症患者设为研究组,同期随机选取170名身心健康者设为对照组,对两组采用多伦多述情障碍量表和生活质量综合评定问卷-74进行测评分析,对研究组采用阳性与阴性症状量表评定精神症状.结果 研究组多伦多述情障碍量表总分及各因子分显著高于对照组(P＜0.01),生活质量综合评定问卷-74总分及各维度分显著低于对照组(P＜0.01);研究组多伦多述情障碍量表总分和因子III与生活质量综合评定问卷-74总分、心理功能、社会功能和物质生活状态维度呈显著负相关(P＜0.05或0.01),因子II与生活质量综合评定问卷-74总分、社会功能和物质生活状态维度呈显著负相关(P＜0.01);研究组多伦多述情障碍量表总分和因子II与阳性与阴性症状量表总分、阳性症状和阴性症状因子分呈显著正相关(P＜0.05或0.01),因子I与阳性与阴性症状量表总分和阳性症状因子分呈显著正相关(P＜0.01),因子III与阳性与阴性症状量表总分和阴性症状因子分呈显著正相关(P＜0.05或0.01).结论 精神分裂症患者的述情障碍与生活质量和精神症状存在一定的相关性,精神症状越严重,述情障碍越明显,生活质量越低.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.