欠发达地区贫困大学生心理健康与应对方式、社会支持的调查研究

目的 了解欠发达地区贫困大学生心理健康状况与社会支持、应对方式的关系,为高校贫困大学生心理卫生工作提供依据.方法 采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、领悟社会支持评定量表、简易应对方式问卷对安顺学院大学生进行问卷调查,对276份有效问卷进行分析.结果 贫困大学生心理健康水平与朋友支持相关较高,应对方式影响大学生的心理健康水平;80后和90后贫困大学生在抑郁、焦虑、人际关系和敌对因子存在显著差异(t值分别为-2.20,-2.50,2.40,-2.22;P＜0.05);多元逐步回归分析发现,朋友支持、积极应对和消极应对能够预测心理健康.结论 社会支持、应对方式与心理健康存在关联.需改善贫困大学生的社会支持系统,引导他们采用积极的应对方式.     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情防控常态化期间武汉地区大学生心理状况

目的:了解新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID—19)疫情防控常态化阶段武汉地区大学生心理健康状况,为推进高校开学复课,制定心理健康教育工作方案提供支持.方法:采用网络问卷发放,使用一般资料问卷、心理健康自评量表(SRQ—20)、广泛性焦虑量表(GAD—7)、抑郁症状群量表(PHQ—9)对武汉地区大学生共3179人进行问卷调查...     

贫困大学新生人格特征及心理健康状况分析

目的了解高校贫困新生的人格特征及心理健康状况,为高校贫困生心理健康教育提供有效依据。方法采用卡特尔16项人格因素问卷(16PF)和症状自评量表(SCL-90),对某高校新入学的500名贫困大学生和2412名非贫困大学生进行调查。结果1贫困新生在有恒性、忧虑性、独立性、紧张性、专业有成就者因素、创造力强者的人格因素上显著高于非贫困新生,兴奋性、敢为性、内向与外向型、心理健康因素因子上显著低于非贫困新生。2贫困新生与非贫困新生心理症状上无显著差异。结论贫困新生心理健康状况正常,应关注贫困新生积极人格特征,加强个性教育,塑造健康人格。     

贫困与非贫困大学生心理健康水平及人格的差异研究

目的 研究贫困与非贫困大学生心理健康水平及人格的差异.方法 使用症状自评量表(SCL- 90)、爱德华个性偏好量表(EPPS)与明尼苏达多相人格测验(MMPI)进行测评,并进行差异检验.结果 贫困与非贫困大学生SCL- 90人际敏感(t=-2.8,P＜0.01)、抑郁(t=-2.3,P＜0.05)、焦虑(t=-2.2,...     

跨性别与顺性别大学生的心理健康状况

目的:探讨跨性别与顺性别大学生心理健康状况的差异。方法:选取10个省级行政区域、26所高校中的大学生10 590人(跨性别者30人,顺性别者10 560人),采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)中的抑郁和焦虑分量表、大学生心理健康量表(MHS-CS)评价心理健康状况。结果:跨性别大学生的抑郁和焦虑分量表得分均高于顺性别大学生(P0.01或P0.05),但两组大学生MHS-CS总分及各维度得分差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05)。有偏重或严重自杀想法的跨性别大学生的比例(20.0%)是顺性别大学生该项比例(1.8%)的11.11倍。结论:跨性别大学生的抑郁和焦虑水平比顺性别大学生更高、自杀危机的风险更高,但两者在健全人格取向的心理健康方面并无差别。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间大学生社交网络的使用与心理健康状况调查

调查新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间,社交网络对大学生心理健康(包含抑郁、焦虑、幸福感)的影响程度,并分析其二者的相关性,帮助高校及时掌握大学生心理动态及变化情况,为其采取相应预防与干预措施提供依据.使用自编的大学生社交网络的使用与心理健康的调查分析量表、总体幸福感量表、抑郁自评量表、焦虑自评量表,对1158名温州大学城区域3...     

医科大学生焦虑情绪现状及对策

目的:探讨医学院校大学生焦虑情绪的现状,为医学院校的大学生心理健康更好的发展提供科学的建议。方法:本研究以某医科大学的在校本科生为研究对象,从中抽取372名大学生作为样本,采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)和贝克焦虑量表(BAI)调查大学生焦虑情绪现状。结果:医科大学生通过焦虑自评量表的焦虑检出率为10.8%,通过贝克焦虑量表的检出率为5.9%。其中不同年级(χ2=5.2511,P0.05)、专业(χ2=14.1098,P0.01)以及性别(χ2=4.4856,P0.05)的学生焦虑状况有显著的差异。结论:大学生焦虑水平仍处在较高的水平,针对这一现状,提出教育机构应该更加关注大学生的心理健康问题,对焦虑情绪学生群体给予更多关注,而学生自身要学会疏导情绪,共同提高大学生的心理健康水平。     

北京市三所高校大学生SARS流行期的心理状态现况调查

目的 :了解SARS流行时期大学生在封闭式管理下的心理状况。方法 :采用症状自评量表、ZUNG氏焦虑自评量表、ZUNG氏抑郁自评量表和一般状况调查表 ,以分层整群抽样的方法 ,对北京市三所重点大学 62 80名在校本科大学生和研究生进行了心理状况自评问卷调查。结果 :症状自评量表的因子阳性检出率为 7 3 % ,各因子得分均明显低于既往北京市大学生调查结果 ;除恐怖因子和精神病性因子外 ,各因子得分均低于或接近国内常模 (t=2 17-5 3 65 ,P <0 0 5 )。焦虑症状阳性检出率为 9 5 % ,抑郁症状阳性检出率为 2 9 6%。结论 :北京市SARS流行期间大学生存在焦虑、抑郁症状 ;采取了有效的传染病防治和健康教育等措施后大学生群体的心理健康状况良好。     

高校贫困生心理健康现状调查及对策

目的 了解贫困大学生的心理健康状况．有针对性地对贫困大学生开展心理健康教育工作。方法采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）．对泸州医学院552名大学生进行调查。结果 贫困生在SCL-90总症状指数和各因子分上均明显高于非贫困生和全困常模．尤其体现在强迫因子（2．26）,人际关系因子（2．23）,抑郁因子（2．43）,焦虑因子（2．05）和偏执因子（2．06）。表明贫困生的心理健康水平相对较差。结论 高校应加强以关爱、支持、鼓励为主的心理健康教育体系。     

高校大学生应对方式与心理健康的关系

目的 探讨高校大学生的应对方式和心理健康的关系,为学校心理健康教育提供依据.方法 采用应对方式量表、自我和谐量表、焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS),对609名高校学生问卷调查.结果 应对方式中解决问题和求助与自我的灵活性呈正相关(r=0.327,0.106;P＜0.01),与自我和谐总分、自我与经验的不和...     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

The dominant diseases of modernized societies as omega-3 essential fatty acid deficiency syndrome: Substrate beriberi

About 1900, modern food selection and processing caused widespread $\text{epidemics}$ of the B vitamin deficiency diseases of beriberi and pellagra which, for genetic reasons, often expressed as different diseases ranging from bowel and heart disease to dermatoses and psychoses. But the B vitamins merely help convert essential fatty acids (EFA) into the prostaglandin (PG) tissue regulators and it now turns out that, through hydrogenation, milling and selection of w3-poor southern foods, we have also been systematically depleting, by as much as 90%, a newly discovered trace Nordic EFA (w3) of special importance to primates and sole precursor of the PG3(4) series, even as a concurrent fiber deficiency increases body demand for EFA. Since substrate EFA is processed by many B vitamin catalysts, an EFA deficiency will mimic a $\text{panh}$ypovitaminosis B, i.e., a mixture of $\text{substrate}$ beriberi and $\text{substrate}$ pellagra resembling vitamin beriberi and pellagra but exhibiting as even more diverse $\text{endemic}$ disease. This would consitute a second stage of the Modern Malnutrition and explain why some workers now hold the dominant diseases of modermized societies to be new, nutritionally based, pellagraform yet lipid-related and to range, once again, from heart disease to psychosis. It is an assumption that our dominant diseases are unrelated to each other or are merely revealed by our diagnostic acumen and therapeutic success; and that hydrogenating millions of tons of food oils annually, to destroy the rancidity producing w3-EFA, is safe for $\text{primates}$. Extensive beriberiform disease is reported here in 32 typical cases taken from medical practice which responds strikingly to linseed oil supplements (60% w3-EFA) in confirmation of identical results in Capuchins.     

'Very sore nights and days': the child's experience of illness in early modern England, c.1580-1720

Sick children were ubiquitous in early modern England, and yet they have received very little attention from historians. Taking the elusive perspective of the child, this article explores the physical, emotional, and spiritual experience of illness in England between approximately 1580 and 1720. What was it like being ill and suffering pain? How did the young respond emotionally to the anticipation of death? It is argued that children’s experiences were characterised by profound ambivalence: illness could be terrifying and distressing, but also a source of emotional and spiritual fulfilment and joy. This interpretation challenges the common assumption amongst medical historians that the experiences of early modern patients were utterly miserable. It also sheds light on children’s emotional feelings for their parents, a subject often overlooked in the historiography of childhood. The primary sources used in this article include diaries, autobiographies, letters, the biographies of pious children, printed possession cases, doctors’ casebooks, and theological treatises concerning the afterlife.     

Guidelines for the Validation and Use of Immunoassays for Determination of Introduced Proteins in Biotechnology Enhanced Crops and Derived Food Ingredients

Recent advancements in agricultural biotechnology have created a need for analytical techniques to determine introduced proteins in crops enhanced through modern biotechnology techniques. These proteins are expressed in plant tissues and may be present in food ingredients. Immunoassays are ideally suited for protein detection and may be used as both quantitative and threshold methods. Microplate ELISA and lateral flow devices are two of the most commonly used immunoassay formats for agricultural biotechnology applications. This paper provides general background information and a discussion of criteria for the validation and application of immunochemical methods to the analysis of proteins introduced into plants and food ingredients using biotechnology methods. It is the result of a collaborative effort of members of the Analytical Environmental Immunochemical Consortium. This collaborative effort represents the combined expertise of several organizations to reach consensus on establishing guidelines for the validation and use of immunoassays. Further, the paper offers developers and users a consistent approach to adopting the technology as well as aid in producing accurate and meaningful results.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

Ultracryotomy: development and application (with examples from the yeast cytology) (author's transl)

The preparation steps usually necessary for obtaining ultrathin frozen sections of biological material (chemical prefixation, enclosing, cryoprotective treatment, freezing, sectioning, and post-staining the sections for transmission electron microscopy) are submitted to a critical analysis. The application of cryo-ultramicrotomy, in particularly for cytochemical purposes, is reviewed. Fundamental considerations of chemical prefixation and poststaining are supported by examples from yeast cytology. Furthermore, the efficiency of the cryo-ultramicrotomy (electron optical resolution of ultrastructural details) is demonstrated on yeast cells and protoplasts.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.     

Der Einfluß von Nahrungsmitteln und Rauchen auf die klinisch-chemische Diagnostik von Phäochromozytom,Neuroblastom und Karzinoid-Syndrom

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von verschiedenen Nahrungsmitteln auf Methoden zur Bestimmung von Adrenalin (AD), Noradrenalin (NA), Vanillinmandelsäure (VMS), Metanephrinen (MN), Homovanillinsäure (HVS) und 5-Hydroxyindolessigsäure (5-HIE) im 24 h-Harn zur Diagnose des Phäochromozytoms bzw. Karzinoid-Syndroms wurde untersucht. Die in die Untersuchung einbezogenen Nahrungsmittel waren: Tee, Kaffee, Mandeln, Ananas, Käse, Walnüsse, Vanillepudding, Bananen, Tomaten und Milchschokolade. Außerdem wurde der Einfluß des Zigarettenrauchens auf die Bestimmung von AD, NA, VMS und MN untersucht.Walnüsse führten zu einer starken Erhöhung der 5-HIE-Ausscheidung. Bananen erhöhten die Ausscheidung von AD, NA, VMS, MN und 5-HIE. Kaffee und Ananas bewirkten eine geringe Zunahme der MN-Werte. Rauchen von 20–30 Zigaretten/Tag beeinflußte keine der vier Variablen.Wenn die beschriebenen Methoden benutzt werden, sollte lediglich auf den Verzehr von Bananen und Walnüssen vor und während der Harnsammelperioden verzichtet werden, da die oberen Normgrenzen im Harn überschritten werden könnten. Ein Verzicht auf Kaffee und Ananas in normalen Mengen ist nicht erforderlich. Es besteht kein Anlaß, weiterhin die bisherigen umfangreichen Restriktionen der übrigen Nahrungsmittel beizubehalten.