宫颈癌危险因素病例对照研究

目的 探讨宫颈癌高发区的相关危险因素。方法 采用以住院患者为基础的病例对照研究方法，对129名经病理确诊的宫颈癌患者和143例非肿瘤病人对照进行有关月经、婚育史、性行为与避孕史、个人卫生习惯等因素的调查。结果 在单因素分析的基础上进行多元Logistic回归分析，最终引入回归方程的变量为家庭经济收入、首次性交年龄、洗澡设施、妇科病史、产次和绝经，而结婚年龄、首次发生性行为和孕育年龄、孕产次等生殖因素，则与宫颈癌发生的危险性呈剂量一反应关系。结论 经济收入低、首次发生性行为的年龄小、既往有妇科病史、孕产次多可增加宫颈癌发生的危险性，特别值得注意的是洗澡和清洗阴部少等不洁卫生习惯可能是导致当地该病高发的原因之一，绝经后妇女宫颈癌发生的危险性较低。     

肺癌危险因素的病例对照研究

恶性肿瘤是影响人民生命健康的一类重要疾病,也是老年人的主要死因之一。近几年来,世界多数国家癌症发病率均呈上升趋势,其中肺癌升高的比重较大,目前肺癌尚处于病程短,生存率低的阶段,在治疗上还缺少可靠、有效的治愈方法。所以积极寻找预防肺癌发生的有效途径显得尤为重要。为此,我们在学校科技处的资助下,选择了大学以知识分子为主,这样一个特殊的固定人群作为研究对象,以探讨大学内知识分子人群中肺癌发生的危险因素,希望通过此次调查能对本区肺癌的预防工作提供科学依据。     

精神分裂症危险因素的病例对照研究

目的 探讨精神分裂症发病的主要危险因素，为精神病防治提供理论依据。方法 应用病例对照研究对10l例首发精神分裂症患和10l例正常对照进行1：1配对研究，通过单因素和多因素分析其危险因素。结果 发现4个主要危险因素，分别是：精神病家族史(OR＝7．98，95％CI＝2．58—32．58)、内向性格(OR＝3．32，95％CI＝1．60—6．94)、遭遇精神创伤事件(OR＝5．68，95％CI＝2．0l—15．63)、与父母关系不好(OR＝4．27，95％CI＝1．03一17．74)与精神分裂症的发病显相关。结论 精神分裂症的发病与遗传和多种环境因素有关。     

卵巢癌危险因素的病例对照研究

卵巢癌严重威胁妇女健康 ,其死亡率居妇科恶性肿瘤首位[1 ] 。近十几年来 ,我国卵巢癌的发病率呈逐年上升之趋势 ;而且 ,将近 80 %的上皮性卵巢癌确诊时已为Ⅲ、Ⅳ期[2 ] 。因而 ,有必要对我国卵巢癌的发病及其影响因素进行深一步的研究。1 .对象与方法 :(1 )研究对象 :病例选自 1 999年 3月至 2 0 0 1年 1 2月天津医科大学附属肿瘤医院及天津市中心妇产科医院住院患者 ,均被确诊为卵巢癌 ,共 1 0 2例。1 0 2名对照来自与病例居住地相同或相似的社区正常健康人 ,并且于病例确诊时随机选取。两组在年龄 (χ2 =4.373 ,P =0 .82 2 )、民族 (χ…     

冠心病危险因素的病例对照研究

目前我国冠心病的发病率呈上升趋势,严重地危害着人们的健康,通过本组调查分析得出冠心病的主要危险因素,在人群中加以控制,更好地预防冠心病的发生。 一、对象与方法 1.对象选择:本组选用我院1991年至1995年住院病例256人,其中病例组133人,对照组123人,年龄最小38岁,最大81岁,两组间年龄、性别、文化程度、职业等经统计学处理无显     

脑出血危险因素的病例对照研究

采用流行病学配比病例对照研究方法。对济宁市２００例脑出血患者及其对照者进行了调查，以探讨脑出血的危险因素。单因素分析结果显示高血压、鼾症、吸烟、饮酒及喜食咸味等因素能增加脑出血发病的危险性；条件ｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ回归分析结果表明，高血压、鼾症及喜食咸味是该地区居民脑出血独立危险因素，各因素与脑出血联系的比值比（９５％可信区间）分别为１１．０２（５．０７￣２３．９５），６．１５（２．９０￣１３．０６）和     

早产危险因素的病例对照研究

目的 调查早产发生的危险因素,为降你划产儿发生率、制定有效的预防措施提供依据。方法 采用配对病例对照研究将３２１例早产病例与同一医院出生的足月产例对照例１：１配比,进行条件Ｌｅｇｉｓｔｉｃ回归分析。结果 早产的危险因素有妊娠期特发性胆淤症、胎膜早破、前置胎盘和脐带打结,定期的产前保健是早产发生的保护因素。结论 早产与胆淤证、胎膜早破、前置胎盘和脐带打结有关。     

不孕症危险因素的病例对照研究

1987~1988年在河南省进行了不孕症危险因素病例对照研究。调查资料采用单因素分析、Logistic逐步回归多因素分析。单因素分析结果提示,男性不育的危险因素为:食用粗制棉油、精索静脉曲张、鞘膜积液、性发育异常、阴毛分布异常、青春期遗尿、青春后期腮腺炎、家族不育史和高温下作业等。与女方不孕有密切关系的因素为月经异常、性交频度过低和性交痛、家族不孕史、TB病史及其它慢性疾病等。多因素Logistic逐步回归分析结果:男方不育危险因素依次为食用粗制棉油、精索静脉曲张、性发育异常和青春期遗尿;女方为月经异常、TB病史;夫妇双方共同因素为近亲结婚、性交频度过低、夫妇任何一方经常接触有害物质等。多因素Logistic回归分析和单因素分析结果不完全一致是因为Logistic回归分析既考虑了各因素的主要效应,也考虑了有关因素的综合作用,所以更接近客观实际。     

胃癌危险因素的病例对照研究

目的 探讨各危险因素与胃癌的关系,方法 对天津市市内区1998年91例新发胃癌病人进行了1：1配对病例对照研究,资料处理采用条件Logistic回归分析,结果 烟熏食品OR＝4．88,OR95％／CI 2．54－9．38,吸烟量OR．6．12,OR95％CI 1．63－22．95,喜食重盐饮食OR．2．87,OR95％CI 1．80－4．58,过量摄入动物肉类OR＝1．71,OR95％CI 1．33－2．19。结论 经常食用烟熏食品,吸烟量大,喜吃重盐饮食,过量摄入动物肉类等可能是胃癌的危险因素。     

儿童哮喘危险因素病例对照研究

目的：探讨儿童哮喘的危险因素。方法：应用1：1配对的病例对照研究方法，调查和分析有关的暴露因素。结果：调查了131对对照病例，在单因素和多因素条件logistic回归分析中儿童过敏史，特应性体质,急性呼吸道感染史，母亲孕期被动吸烟，父母对子女态度民主，母亲了解孕期保健知识均与儿童哮喘有统计学意义。在P＜0．01的显著水平上下，上述各指标最终进入主效应模型，回归系数分别为2．3341，3．2587，3．1952，1．5864、－1．7151和－1．0237。结论：儿童过敏史，特应性体质，急性呼吸道感染史，母亲孕期被动吸烟是儿童哮喘的危险因素，父母对子女态度民主，母亲了解孕期保健知识是保护因素，这对儿童哮喘的预防有着重要意义。     

单纯性尿道下裂发病影响因素病例对照研究

目的了解单纯性尿道下裂发病的影响因素,为预防和减少单纯性尿道下裂的发病提供理论依据。方法采用以医院为基础的1:1病例对照研究方法对2010年5月—2011年4月在中国医科大学附属盛京医院住院的85例先天尿道下裂患儿及同期住院的85例其他疾病患儿父母进行面访调查。结果病例组父亲高中及以上文化程度、母亲高中及以上文化程度、胎儿低出生体重、母亲孕前月经不调、孕前用药、孕早期摄入蛋白质、孕早期服用叶酸、孕期出现异常情况、孕前及孕早期接触化学物及父亲职业接触化学物和家庭从事农牧业生产的比例分别为23.5%、28.2%、32.9%、28.2%、32.9%、47.1%、20.0%、50.6%、42.4%、68.2%和49.4%;对照组分别为50.6%、47.1%、5.9%、15.3%、18.2%、63.5%、36.5%、25.9%、16.5%、42.4%和32.9%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);多因素Lo-gistic回归分析结果表明,胎儿低出生体重(OR=2.12,95%CI=1.18,4.14)、母亲孕期出现异常情况和孕前(OR=3.09,95%CI=1.41,6.80)及孕早期接触化学物是单纯性尿道下裂发病的危险因素;父亲高中及以上文化程度(OR=2.12,95%CI=1.18,4.14)是单纯性尿道下裂发病的保护因素。结论胎儿低出生体重、母亲孕期出现异常情况和母亲孕前及孕早期接触化学物的儿童更易患单纯性尿道下裂。     

Risk factors for alcohol dependence: a case-control study

Several possible risk factors for ICD-10 alcohol dependence were studied by comparing cases (117 men, 188 women) with controls (248 men, 300 women). Logistic regression analyses showed that parental alcohol problems and high trait anxiety were significantly related to high occurrence of alcohol dependence in both men and women. In women, high antisocial behaviour, high impulsivity, and high externality were also related to high occurrence of alcohol dependence. High facial flushing and high stimulation when intoxicated were related to low occurrence of alcohol dependence in both men and women. In men, this was also the case for high social support. Several interactions were observed. In contrast to earlier studies, there was no significant association between alcohol dependence and left-handedness.     

Risk factors for haemorrhagic stroke: a case-control study

A hospital based pair-matched case-control study was undertaken to identify risk factors for haemorrhagic stroke. The study took place in the Government Medical College Hospital, Nagpur, India, a tertiary care hospital. The study consisted of 166 hospitalised computerised tomography scan proved cases of haemorrhagic stroke (International Classification Diseases 9, 431-432), and an age and sex matched control per case. The controls were selected from patients who attended the study hospital for conditions other than stroke. The study included hypertension, serum total cholesterol, alcohol intake, smoking, diabetes mellitus, obesity, physical inactivity, type A personality, use of anticoagulants/antiplatelets, family history of stroke, history of cardiac diseases, past history of transient ischaemic attack, history of claudication and oral contraceptive use in women, as risk factors for haemorrhagic stroke. Bivariate analysis included odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence intervals (CI) for OR and McNemar's chi2 test. Multivariate analysis was carried out by conditional multiple logistic regression analysis. Attributable Risk Percent (ARP), Population Attributable Risk Percent (PARP) and their 95% CI were estimated for significant factors. On conditional multiple logistic regression five risk factors-hypertension (OR=1.9, 95% CI 1.5-2.5), serum total cholesterol (OR=2.3, 95% CI 1.4-4.9), use of anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents (OR=3.4, 95% CI 1.1-10.4), past history of transient ischaemic attack (OR=8.4, 95% CI 2.1-33.6) and alcohol intake (OR=2.1, 95% CI 1.3-3.6) were significant. Estimates of ARP and PARP for these factors confirmed their etiological and preventable role respectively. The current study recognised the significance of five risk factors, which are preventable. These risk factors may be considered for devising effective risk factor intervention strategy for haemorrhagic stroke.     

Risk factors in male infertility: a case-control study

A case-control study was undertaken to evaluate environmental risk factors potentially involved in male infertility. One hundred twelve azoospermic or oligospermic subjects and 127 controls were interviewed, before sperm count results were available, about coffee and alcohol consumption, smoking habits, x-ray exposure, usual sitting posture, drug consumption, other nonoccupational risk factors, socioeconomic status, education level, and occupational history. An unmatched analysis was then conducted. None of the occupational risk factors appeared to be related to azoospermia or oligospermia. A high relative risk was associated with (1) occupation in the radioelectric industry, (2) nonsedentary clerical workers, (3) clerical work in the typographic industry, and (4) occupation in the textile industry, but none of these figures were statistically significant. Because of the population from which cases and controls were drawn, certain occupational risks could not be investigated in this study, e.g., exposure of agricultural workers to chemicals.     

Risk factors for open-angle glaucoma: a case-control study

The objective of this study was to identify possible risk factors associated with open-angle glaucoma (OAG). A case-control study included patients seen at an ophthalmologic clinic. Cases were all consecutive new patients with either unilateral or bilateral OAG detected during the study period. Controls were a random sample of all other patients aged 30 or more, seen in the same department in the same period. Data on demographic, anthropometric and diet habits as well as medical characteristics were collected from 144 patients by medical examination and interview. The study took place at the University Department of Ophthalmology and general private practice of ophthalmology, both in the city of Kinshasa. Forty consecutive patients with OAG and 104 controls were chosen randomly between all consecutive non OAG patients. Odds ratio (OR) are presented for the relation between OAG and age, sex, ethnicity, family history of glaucoma, the length of stay in Kinshasa, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cigarette smoking, alcohol, diet habits. Adjusted odds ratio resulting from stepwise logistic regression was employed. Results indicate: family history of glaucoma (OR, 18; 95% CI, 5.80-59.00; P < 0.001), age (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.01-1.09; P = 0.025), body mass index (OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.01-1.18; P = 0.05), hyperopia (OR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.05-7.08; P = 0.03), Mongo ethnic group (OR, 3.5; 95% CI, 1.11-12.20; P = 0.03) and consumption of rice (OR, 4.6; 95% CI, 1.65-12.20; P = 0.004) conferred a significantly greater risk of OAG. This study seems confirm that Mongo ethnic group is associated with an increased risk of OAG.     

Risk factors for cryptorchidism: a nested case-control study

Summary. .A nested case-control study of cryptorchidism (i.e. undescended testicles) was undertaken as part of a hospital-based cohort study of 6699 singleton male neonates in New York City. Since some of the cryptorchid infants experienced spontaneous descent of their testes, separate analysis was performed for this third group of late descenders' ( n = 140). Cases ( n = 63) represented infants whose testes remained undescended at the one year assessment. Controls ( n =219) represented the next male infant who was delivered immediately after an infant who was cryptorchid at birth. The only independent risk factors for cryptorchidism were Asian ethnic group (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 3.90,95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.22-12.41), swollen legs or feet during pregnancy (adjusted OR=2.16, 95% CI = 1.15-4.04), a family history of cryptorchidism (adjusted OR=4.32, 95% CI = 1.91-9.80), low birthweight (adjusted OR = 4.10, 95% CI = 1.39-12.08), and use of analgesics during pregnancy (adjusted OR = 1.93/95% CI = 1.03-3.62). Multiple logistic regression analysis was also performed to identify those factors that were associated with late testicular descent. In this analysis the independent risk factors were black or Hispanic ethnicity (adjusted OR = 2.05, 95% CI = 1.09-3.83), a family history of cryptorchidism (adjusted OR = 4.25,95% CI = 1.84-9.78), consumption of cola-containing drinks during the pregnancy (adjusted OR = 2.09, 95% CI = 1.10-3.99), a low birthweight delivery (adjusted OR = 9.78, 95% CI = 3.39-28.20), and preterm birth (adjusted OR = 4.01, 95% CI = 1.66-9.70).     

原发性肺腺癌危险因素病例对照研究

目的探讨原发性肺腺癌的影响因素。方法采用病例对照研究方法,研究对象为福建省原发性肺腺癌病例306例和经年龄、性别频数配比的对照人群437人;应用单因素及多因素非条件logistic回归等方法对肺腺癌的影响因素及其交互作用进行分析。结果对照组和病例组居住地附近有污染企业的分别有47人(10.8%)和75例(24.5%),居室通风情况不佳分别有45人(10.3%)和68例(22.2%),做饭时室内有烹调油烟分别有202人(46.2%)和210例(68.6%),炒菜时油温不过热(不冒油烟)分别有243人(55.6%)和119例(38.9%),吸烟>30包年分别有110人(25.2%)和117例(38.2%),家庭及工作场所被动吸烟分别有129人(29.5%)和127例(41.5%)及92人(21.1%)和127例(41.5%),饮绿茶分别有88人(20.1%)和39例(12.7%),使用农药分别有72人(16.5%)和82例(26.8%);多因素logistic回归分析结果表明,肺腺癌的危险因素有居住地附近有污染企业、居室通风不良、室内烹调油烟、吸烟>30包年、家庭及工作场所被动吸烟、使用农药、近10年有负性事件发生;其中居住地附近有污染企业、烹调油烟量、家庭被动吸烟、工作场所被动吸烟之间存在交互作用,男、女性肺腺癌的主要影响因素有差异。结论不良的居家环境、主动及被动吸烟、农药的使用及消极的心理因素均将增加居民肺腺癌发病危险,适当的炒菜油温、饮绿茶及经常以步代车对肺腺癌发病有一定的保护作用。     

Risk factors for adenomatous endometrial hyperplasia: a case-control study

A population-based case-control study of histologically confirmed endometrial neoplasia was conducted in Toronto, Canada, between 1977 and 1978. Pathologic slide review resulted in classification of patients to diagnostic categories of endometrial carcinoma, endometrial carcinoma in situ, and endometrial hyperplasia. This report concerns the subset of patients classified as having adenomatous endometrial hyperplasia. Two age-matched neighborhood controls were selected for each case, and analyses included only those case-control sets in which the case and at least one control were concordant on menopausal status. Among postmenopausal women (87 cases and 151 controls), noncontraceptive estrogen use was a statistically significant risk factor (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 6.7), as was heavy body weight relative to height (Quetelet index) (adjusted OR = 3.2). Long-term (5+ years) estrogen use conferred an estimated relative risk of more than 20, but use of oral contraceptives did not alter risk significantly. Among premenopausal women (62 cases and 97 controls), a high Quetelet index appeared to be a significant protective factor, even when adjusted for oral contraceptive use (adjusted OR = 0.2). While oral contraceptive use was not associated with a change in risk, long duration of use was highly, but statistically not significantly, protective against hyperplasia. The data for pre- and postmenopausal women indicate that both endogenous and exogenous estrogen exposure are important factors in the etiology of adenomatous endometrial hyperplasia.     

儿童手足口病影响因素病例对照研究

目的 探讨儿童手足口病(hand-foot-mouth disease,HFMD)发生的影响因素.方法 收集江苏省手足口病哨点监测医院手足口病临床病例396例,肠道病毒71型(enterovirus 71,EV71)感染的手足口病病例195例,分别进行1:1配对病例对照研究,应用SPSS 13.0软件进行单因素和多因素条件logistic回归分析.结果 多因素条件Logistic回归分析表明,城乡(OR=1.999,95%C/:1.433～2.789)、家庭收入(OR=0.806,95%C/=0.692～0.938)、饭前便后洗手情况(OR=0.719,95%C/=0.590-0.877)、最近1周外出就餐情况(OR=1.914,95%C/=1.019～3.596)、最近1周接触患者史(OR=3.771,95%C/=2.137-6.654)为手足口病临床病例的影响因素;城乡(OR=2.417,95%C/=1.522-3.839)、饭前便后洗手情况(OR:0.693,95%C/=0.517-0.929)、近1周接触患者史(OR=3.942,95%C/=1.808～8.594)为EV71感染的手足口病影响因素.结论 居住地为农村,最近1周患者接触史是手足口病发病的主要影响因素;饭前便后洗手是降低感染机会的保护因素.     

妊娠期高血压发病影响因素病例对照研究

目的了解妊娠期高血压的相关影响因素,为预防妊娠期高血压发病提供参考依据。方法采用以医院为基础的1:2病例对照研究方法对2010年1月1日-8月30日在河北大学附属医院产科住院的62例患妊娠期高血压产妇及同期住院的124名正常产妇进行妊娠期高血压相关影响因素的问卷调查和实验室检查。结果病例组孕前体质指数(BMI)≥25、孕前有高血压史、有高血压家族史、头胎单产、规律补充钙剂、定期孕期检查、孕期情绪不佳、血清白细胞介素-6(IL-6)含量≥20 pg/L和β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)含量≥1.5 mg/L的比例分别为25.8%、27.4%、38.7%6、9.4%、61.3%、64.5%、22.6%、96.8%和98.4%;对照组分别为8.9%、3.2%、7.3%、49.2%、75.8%、79.8%7、.3%3、5.5%和42.7%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析结果表明,孕前BMI≥25、有高血压家族史、头胎单产、孕期情绪不佳和血清IL-6含量≥20 pg/L是妊娠期高血压的危险因素。结论孕前BMI较高、有高血压家族史、头胎单产、孕期情绪不佳和血清IL-6含量较高的产妇患妊娠期高血压的危险性较大。