2－5指掌指关节至近侧指间关节间动脉缺损的修复

目的：探讨2－5指掌指关节至近侧指间关节间动脉缺损的一种修复术式。方法：以掌心动脉为供血管,将指总动脉近端向远端翻转来修复该类 动脉的缺损。结论：指总动脉及掌心动脉位置较恒定,变异少,孔径较大,且指总动脉位置浅,易于解剖,加上掌浅弓,有足够可利用的长度,用来修复掌指关节至侧指间关节间动脉缺损,是一种比较实用的术式。但其前提是掌心动脉必须正常。     

逆行岛状皮瓣联合局部皮瓣修复示指软组织缺损

目的:评价利用指动脉或第一掌背动脉为轴型血管的逆行岛状皮瓣修复示指软组织缺损,并利用局部皮瓣修复次生创面的术式特点。方法:根据示指创面位置,近侧指间关节以远创面利用以指动脉为轴型血管的逆行岛状皮瓣修复,近侧指间关节(含关节)以近者利用第一掌背动脉,供瓣区利用局部易位皮瓣修复。结果:临床应用15例,利用指动脉者7例,利用掌背动脉者8例,除1例轴型皮瓣术后部分坏死再次清创缝合外,余皮瓣均一期愈合。结论:灵活应用指动脉或第一掌背动脉为轴型血管的逆行岛状皮瓣修复示指软组织缺损,并利用局部皮瓣修复次生创面,这一术式有效果可靠、操作方便、手术次数少等特点。     

足第二趾近侧趾间关节移植再造拇手指关节

目的 报道游离足第二趾近侧趾间关节移植再造拇手指关节临床疗效.方法 对手指关节损伤49例54指,采用吻合血管的足第二趾近侧趾间关节移植修复,其中再造掌指关节21指、近侧指间关节28指、远侧指间关节5指.全关节移植38指,半关节移植16指,术后观察其临床疗效.结果 移植关节49例54指全部成活.术后伤口均一期愈合.随访5～19个月,所有病例移植骨关节均愈合,临床愈合时间为4～8周,骨性愈合时间6～12周,移植关节均未出现退行性变,未出现骨不连及再骨折的现象.移植近侧指间关节屈曲活动度为35°～90°(平均65°);移植掌指关节者屈曲活动度为30°～75°(平均45°);移植远侧指间关节屈曲活动度为25°～65°(平均35°).参照关节活动度TAM/TAF评定标准评定,属优者23指,良者25指,可者5指,差者3指,优良率84%.近侧指间关节移植者效果最佳,其次是掌指关节,远侧指间关节移植者最差.结论 采用游离足第二趾近侧趾间关节移植修复拇手指关节缺损,功能恢复满意,可以较好的改善关节的功能.     

足趾复合组织游离移植修复手指复合组织缺损

目的 :探讨足趾复合组织移植修复手指复合组织缺损的方法。方法 :采用以下 7种方法治疗病人 2 1例 :带第 1跖背动脉的游离甲瓣、远节趾骨背侧部分趾骨并肌腱止点、背侧关节囊、伸肌腱、背侧皮肤移植修复手指指甲、伸肌腱和神经、皮肤缺损 2例 ;游离第 2足趾携带胫侧固有动脉、神经的近侧趾间关节复合组织 ,移植修复中指远侧指间关节复合组织缺损 ,同时利用第 2足趾中末节及腓侧固有动脉及神经再造环指末节 1例 ;第 2跖趾关节同时携带第 2跖骨、伸趾肌腱与足背皮瓣移植一期修复掌指关节、掌骨、伸肌腱与皮肤复合组织缺损 3例 ;第 1跖背动脉携带第 2足趾甲瓣并伸指肌腱修复拇指指甲、伸肌腱并神经、皮肤缺损 5例 ;第 1跖背动脉携带第 2跖趾关节、趾固有动脉携带第 2足趾近侧趾间关节移植重建两个相邻的掌指关节并皮肤缺损 2例 ;跖趾关节、趾近侧趾间关节复合组织移植 ,分别修复掌指关节或指间关节并复合组织缺损 6例。足背皮瓣、携带第 1跖背动脉的第 2足趾、同侧趾腓侧皮瓣再造全长手指 2例。结果 :应用 2 1例成功 ,随访 6个月～ 5年手指感觉恢复达S3 + ～S4;关节活动度 :掌指关节活动范围 2 0°～ 80° ;近指间关节活动范围 3 0°～ 90° ;远指间关节活动范围 5°～ 3 0°。结论 :带血供足趾复合组     

带近侧趾间关节的第二趾复合组织瓣移植修复手指复合组织缺损

目的 探讨游离带近侧趾间关节的第二趾复合组织瓣修复手指复合组织缺损的方法和效果. 方法 对8例伴有近侧指间关节的手指复合组织缺损,应用带近侧趾间关节的第二趾复合组织瓣修复,近侧趾间关节修复近侧指间关节,趾复合组织修复并桥接手指复合组织缺损,同时桥接一侧的指固有神经、动脉及指背静脉. 结果 移植的8例复合组织瓣全部成活,术后5～13个月随访,近侧指间关节均获得较良好的功能.手指外形满意. 结论 游离带近侧趾间关节的第二趾复合组织瓣,既修复了手指复合组织缺损又使手指近侧指间关节恢复良好功能,是修复伴近侧指间关节复合组织缺损较理想的方法.     

改良邻指指动脉逆行岛状皮瓣的应用

目的 探讨改良邻指指动脉逆行岛状皮瓣修复手指中节以远掌侧皮肤软组织缺损的手术方法。方法 以指总动脉作为邻、患指指掌侧固有动脉逆行供血通道，在患指近侧指间关节近侧平面为旋转点，设计邻指指动脉岛状皮瓣逆行翻转，修复10例手指中节以远掌侧皮肤软组织缺损，同时将皮瓣上的感觉神经与患指远端指神经缝合。结果 10例皮瓣全部成活，术后随访6～15个月。手指外观饱满，皮瓣颜色与正常手指相似，皮瓣质软，两点分辨觉为4mm。供区手指功能无影响。结论 改良邻指指动脉逆行岛状皮瓣适用于修复手指中节以远掌侧皮肤软组织缺损创面的覆盖，术后疗效满意。     

拆分第二足趾修复两个相邻掌指关节背侧复合组织缺损

目的 探讨第二足趾拆分、修复两个相邻掌指关节背侧复合组织缺损的新术式及疗效.方法 从2006年12月到2011年12月间,对7例14个掌指关节缺损患者,设计应用以足背动脉-第一、二跖背动脉-趾背动脉为蒂的第二足趾,将其拆分成以足背动脉-第一跖背动脉-第二足趾胫侧趾背动脉为蒂的第二跖趾关节复合组织瓣及以足背动脉-第二跖背动脉-第二足趾腓侧趾背动脉为蒂的第二趾近侧趾间关节复合组织瓣,经过重建,保留复合组织瓣背侧半,同时修复两个相邻掌指关节背侧复合组织缺损.结果 本组7例14个掌指关节,12个关节移植成功,2个关节因第一跖背动脉变异而放弃趾间关节组织瓣.全部病例得到随访,随访时间6～24个月,X线提示骨折愈合.按中华医学会手外科分会拇、手指再造功能评定试用标准,优良率为83.33％.结论 第二足趾拆分、重建同时修复两个相邻掌指关节背侧复合组织缺损临床可行,能有效改善损伤掌指关节的功能.     

吻合血管的跖趾及趾间关节移植修复掌指及指间关节缺损

目的 探讨吻合血管的足部跖趾及指间关节移植修复手部掌指关节及指间关节缺损的临床疗效. 方法 自1993年4月至2010年11月,分别对4例掌指关节及5例近位指间关节和3例掌指关节连同近位指间关节一并缺损的患者,应用吻合血管的第二跖趾关节、近位趾间关节或同一足趾的跖趾关节连同近位指间关节一并移植进行修复. 结果 12例关节移植均全部成活,术后创口均一期愈合,移植关节的骨愈合时间为5～ 10周,术后随访时间为4～ 28个月.移植关节均无明显骨及关节的退变.其修复后的掌指关节伸屈活动为0°～70°,近位指间关节的伸屈活动10°～90°,参照关节活动度TAM/TAF评定标准评定:优5例,良4例,可2例,差1例,优良率为75％. 结论 应用吻合血管的跖趾关节及趾间关节移植修复掌指关节及指间关节缺损,其愈后功能恢复比较满意,关节活动能达到基本正常的工作和生活需求,可获得较好的关节功能.     

带血管神经蒂的大鱼际桡侧皮瓣修复拇指指腹缺损

目的介绍一种修复拇指指腹缺损的新皮瓣.方法设计以拇指桡掌侧动脉为蒂并带桡神经浅支分支的大鱼际桡侧逆行岛状皮瓣,修复12例拇指指腹缺损患者.皮瓣最大面积为4 cm × 3.2 cm. 结果所有皮瓣全部成活.术后随访3 ～ 19个月,伤指指腹饱满,外形美观,二点分辨觉平均为6.5 mm. 拇指指间关节和掌指关节的活动范围为81.25°和32.31°.结论以拇指桡掌侧动脉为蒂的大鱼际桡侧皮瓣是修复拇指指腹缺损的理想皮瓣之一.     

钩骨部分腕掌关节移位在重建近侧指间关节功能中的应用价值

目的探讨钩骨部分腕掌关节移位在近侧指间关节功能重建中的价值。方法选取我院2015年1月至2016年12月16例16指近侧指间关节缺损的患者,所有患者均采用钩骨部分腕掌关节移位来进行指间关节缺损修复,手术中借助微型螺钉支架对修复部位进行固定,术后2周指导患者进行适当限制性功能锻炼,术后30～45d根据患者恢复情况拆除外固定支架,逐渐加强关节功能锻炼。进行为期1年的随访,观察患者恢复情况。结果本组随访时间为6～12个月,平均随访10个月。所有患者近侧指间关节骨折均为Ⅰ期愈合,近侧指间关节平均主动屈伸活动度:屈(67±6)°,伸(17±1)°;平均被动屈伸活动度:屈(71±7)°,伸(15±1)°,患者对关节活动情况比较满意。根据手指关节总活动度(total active movement,TAM)标准进行评价,优8指,良5指,中2指,差1指,优良率81.25%。结论钩骨部分腕掌关节移位在修复和重建近侧指间关节中效果确切,利于患者关节活动情况的改善,值得进一步在临床推广应用。     

Post-traumatic Arteriovenous Fistula Presented with Hypertrophic Palmaris Digitalis II

A 19-year-old female was admitted to our department because of a hypertrophic palmaris digitalis II of the left hand displaying color changes. A thrill was easily palpated over the medial part of the finger. A review of her history revealed that this hypertrophy occurred after a blunt trauma to the left hand. Angiography showed arteriovenous fistulas between the digital branches of the radial and ulnar arteries and cephalic vein at the palmaris digitalis II of the left hand. These arteriovenous connections were closed with simple ligation under regional anesthesia. Postoperatively she had no sign of ischemia, and no thrill was palpated or auscultated.     

Resection of the palmaris longus tendon in surgery for Dupuytren's contracture

The present investigation presents preliminary results of the operative method, where resection of the palmaris longus tendon is combined with regional fasciectomy in the treatment of Dupuytren's contracture. This procedure was developed to prevent recurrence which has been the biggest problem in the treatment regardless the surgical methods employed. The investigation included 70 consecutive patients (80 hands) treated for Dupuytren's contracture; the mean follow-up time was 47 months (62 patients). 96% of the recurrences occurred during the first two years. 42 hands were treated with regional fasciectomy and in these 18 recurrences (43%) were observed. Recurrences were found only in 23% (6/26) of the patients in whom the palmaris longus tendon was eliminated. Following resection of the palmaris longus tendon recurrences manifested themselves mainly in the fingers in the nodular cutaneously fixed form. From the promising results and absence of side effects of resection of the palmaris longus tendon the procedure can be recommended combined with surgical treatment of Dupuytren's contracture.     

Transposition operation in paralysis of extensor muscles of the hand--intermediate-term results

AIM: The surgical reconstruction of the dorsiflexion of the wrist and the abduction of the thumb in paralyzed radial nerve for the improvement of the useability of the hand is described. Likewise, the early functional subsequent treatment is described. Indications and contraindications are represented in detail. METHOD: Between October 1997 and May 2000 we treated 10 patients by the following method: The musculus flexor carpi ulnaris tendon is cut near the pisiform bone, transferred subcutaneously and fixed on the tendons of the extensor communis digitorum communis muscle. The tendon of the palmaris longus muscle is fixed on the tendon of the extensor pollicis longus muscle. After the swelling in the hand has subsided, the patients are supplied with a dynamic splint in order to avoid adhesions. RESULTS: According to the score suggested by Haas, 9 patients achieved a very good result (median: 30 degrees dorsiflexion), one patient had a good result (0 degree dorsiflexion). CONCLUSION: Adhesions could be avoided and the time of rehabilitation could be shortened by the operation method described. The operations result in an improvement of hand function and as well as patient satisfaction.     

掌短肌皮瓣的临床应用

目的 掌短肌皮瓣的应用解剖及临床应用掌短肌皮瓣修复拇指指腹缺损的效果。方法 选择３０例灌注红色乳胶成人上肢标本，观测掌短肌皮瓣的血供、神经分布；上对９例拇指指腹缺的病例，应用吻合血管的掌短肌皮瓣进行修复。三 肌皮 的血供有４个来源：即尺动脉干、掌浅支的肌皮支和皮支、掌深支和小指尽侧固有动脉的肌皮支。其静脉回流为上述动脉的伴行静脉。感觉神经为尺神经浅支和尺神经的尺动脉支。临床９例拇指指腹缺损，应用掌     

子宫动脉阻断在腹腔镜子宫肌瘤切除术中的应用体会

目的:探讨子宫动脉阻断在腹腔镜子宫肌瘤切除术中的应用价值。方法:回顾分析2007年3月至2009年3月为148例患者行腹腔镜子宫肌瘤切除术的临床资料,其中62例行传统腹腔镜子宫切除术(常规组),86例先行子宫动脉阻断后再行子宫肌瘤切除术(子宫动脉阻断组)。结果:常规组手术时间平均(84.27±29.52)min,术中出血量平均(148.38±31.5)ml;子宫动脉阻断组手术时间平均(68.32±21.36)min,术中出血量平均(69.11±27.52)ml;子宫动脉阻断组手术时间及术中出血量明显优于常规组(P<0.01)。结论:子宫动脉阻断后行腹腔镜子宫肌瘤切除术可明显减少术中出血,缩短手术时间,术野暴露清晰,具有较好的发展优势。     

Surgical treatment of occluding lesion of the subclavian artery

Results of cerebral hemodynamics investigation and operative treatment of 53 patients with the subclavial artery (SA) occlusion were presented. It was established that the course of the cerebral vascular disorders occurrence in patients with the SA proximal segment occlusion is the vertebro-subclavial robbing syndrome. The consider that the SA resection with her implantation to ipsilateral a. carotis communis (ACA) is operation of choice. The vessel prosthesis is indicated in presence of widespread affection. It is expedient to performed one-stage correction of blood flow in the vessels mentioned in patients with ipsilateral localization of the SA and ACA affection.     

腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术中髂内动脉的疏与堵

腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术(EVAR)中髂内动脉的疏与堵的问题,是长期伴随EVAR发展过程的焦点问题。笔者复习了数十篇国外文献,总结和分析了从百年前至今对髂内动脉的系统的解剖学研究、非血管外科手术过程中髂内动脉结扎或栓塞、腹主动脉与髂动脉开放手术中对髂内动脉实施结扎或栓塞、EVAR术中各种栓塞髂内动脉方式的临床后果、导致盆腔缺血各种并发症的危险因素,最终认为,EVAR术中,维持髂内动脉通畅是必要的,并对没有维持通畅的条件而必须栓塞髂内动脉,操作时如何防止或减少盆腔脏器缺血、具体实施技巧、术中术后注意事项等进行了归纳。     

腹腔镜辅助直肠癌根治术肠系膜下动脉的离断平面分析

目的:探讨腹腔镜辅助直肠癌根治术肠系膜下动脉最适离断平面.方法:对比分析2008年7月-2012年1月腹腔镜辅助直肠癌根治术中肠系膜下动脉不同离断平面患者的临床资料.结果:术中经肠系膜下动脉根部结扎离断血管(334例)与远离根部2～4 cm处结扎离断血管(153例)比较,前者在处理肠系膜下动脉平均手术时间(7.8 min vs.12.6 min),处理肠系膜下动脉处平均出血量(4.8 mL vs.12.5 mL),平均肠系膜下动脉及腹主动脉周围淋巴结清除数(12.5枚vs.10.9枚)均有明显优势,差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.01),而两者肠系膜下神经损伤率无明显差异(P＞0.05),均无肠管血供障碍.结论:行腹腔镜辅助直肠癌根治术,肠系膜下动脉于根部结扎离断是安全可靠的.并有手术时间较短,术中出血量少,局部淋巴结清扫彻底等优点.     

Results of Long-Term Follow-Up Observations of Blepharoptosis Correction Using the Palmaris Longus Tendon

BACKGROUND: The frontalis sling procedure is a useful approach for correcting severe blepharoptosis. However, blepharoptosis often recurs after corrective surgery using the tensor fascia lata. Good results without recurrence after a modified Fox method were obtained using the palmaris longus tendon. This study examined the safety and validity of the surgical method using the palmaris longus tendon through long-term follow-up observations. METHODS: To reduce the rate of recurrence, the highest point on the pentagon of the Fox method was fixed to the frontalis fascia and frontalis muscle. It was fixed once again to the area 1 cm above the highest point. This approach remarkably reduces the incidence of recurrence by fixing the pentagon of the Fox method not only to the palmaris longus tendon but also to the frontalis fascia and again to the frontalis muscle. A modified Fox method using the palmaris longus tendon was used to treat 16 eyelids of 10 patients. A senior surgeon performed the procedure in all cases under local anesthesia. RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 51 months (range = 18-86 months). There was no case of blepharoptosis recurrence and a good field of view was secured after surgery. Long-term follow-up revealed that the visual field had been well secured with a mean MRD1 of 3.1 mm. The eyelids were well maintained without any postoperative adverse reaction such as exposure keratitis. CONCLUSION: The palmaris longus tendon as useful donor material does not lead to recurrence of blepharoptosis, which is often encountered when the tensor fascia lata is used. The modified Fox method using the palmaris longus tendon can be an effective and valid surgical approach that produces both immediate and long-term results.     

腕管综合征内窥镜手术预防正中神经损伤的临床研究

目的 介绍腕管综合征内窥镜手术(endoscopic carpal tunnel release,ECTR)预防正中神经损伤并发症的方法.方法 利用彩色多普勒超声仪(B超)对37例74手患者术前进行检测.结果 71例正中神经走行在桡侧腕屈肌腱与掌长肌腱之间,3例走行在掌长肌腱与尺侧腕屈肌腱之间,并术中确认.结论 正中神经变异走行在掌长肌腱与尺侧腕屈肌腱之间是ECTR的禁忌证,B超能准确定位正中神经与掌长肌腱关系,避免内窥镜手术损伤正中神经,更具有简单、经济、方便可靠等优点.

Abstract：

Objective To introduce a method of preventing median never injury during endoscopic carpal tunnel release (ECTR). Methods Ultrasonography of both wrists was done to 37 patients of carpal tunnel syndrome who were going to undergo open release of the transverse carpal ligament. Structures in the carpal tunnel were visualized to guide surgical decision-making. Results Ultrasonography showed that median never lies between the tendon of flexor carpi radialis and palmaris longus in 71 patients and lies between the tendon of palmaris longus and flexor carpi ulnaris in 3 patients. These findings were confirmed during the surgeries. Conclusion It is a contraindication of ECTR if median never lies between palmaris longus and flexor carpi ulnaris. Ultrasonography can accurately reveal the relative position of median never to the palmaris longus tendon. Pre-operative ultrasonography of the wrist is a simple, inexpensive and convenient method to exclude these contraindications and thus prevent median never injuries in ECTR.