全身麻醉诱导后经多功能插管型喉罩盲探气管插管的临床观察

目的 观察全身麻醉患者经多功能插管型喉罩盲探行气管插管的可行性及安全性. 方法 选择ASA分级Ⅰ、Ⅱ级,年龄18～77岁择期行全身麻醉下手术的患者100例.麻醉诱导使用芬太尼4μg/kg、丙泊酚1.5～2.0 mg/kg、罗库溴铵0.6 mg/kg,诱导后先置入多功能插管型喉罩,通气行纤维支气管镜检查并定位后,经喉罩盲探插入配套的鹰嘴气管导管,观察放置喉罩及气管插管的次数和时间,记录诱导前、放置喉罩前后、气管插管前后的BP和HR.结果 置入喉罩和气管插管均1～2次成功,置入喉罩时间平均(11.0±3.2)s,气管插管时间平均(10.5±6.2)s,插管成功退出喉罩后即刻SBP、DBP和HR与诱导前比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05). 结论 经多功能插管型喉罩盲探气管插管,安全、快捷、有效,患者舒适、刺激小,比经典的插管型喉罩盲探插管更具有优势.     

气管插管麻醉和喉罩全麻在宫外孕腹腔镜手术中的应用效果对比

目的比较不同麻醉方法在宫外孕腹腔镜手术中的应用效果及安全性。方法将64例因宫外孕行腹腔镜手术的患者随机分为2组。各32例。A组采用气管插管麻醉,B组采取喉罩全麻,比较不同麻醉方法的效果及安全性。结果 A组组内各时点HR、MAP波动显著(P0.05),差异有统计学意义;B组组内各时点HR、MAP无显著波动(P0.05),差异无统计学意义。2组气腹后的Pet CO2、PAW均明显高于气腹前(P0.05),但组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。A组并发症发生率明显高于B组(P0.05),差异有统计学意义。结论喉罩联合静脉吸入复合麻醉行宫外孕腹腔镜手术,麻醉效果肯定,安全性良好,血流动力学较平稳,并发症发生率低。     

子宫全切除术喉罩置入全麻与气管插管全麻效果分析

目的探讨子宫全切除术喉罩置入全麻和气管插管全麻的效果。方法将64例接受子宫全切除术的患者随机分为观察组和对照组,各32例,分别采用喉罩置入全麻与气管插管全麻,观察麻醉过程中患者血流动力学变化及麻醉并发症发生率。结果2组患者通气、气体交换良好。对照组在插管(罩)后1 min和拔管(罩)后1 min时间点HR明显快于入室稳定时的基础值及观察组组,SBP、DBP明显高于T0时及观察组(P0.05);对照组麻醉并发症高于观察组组,P0.05),差异均有统计学意义。结论对接受子宫全切除术的患者,应用喉罩置入于全麻的效果明显优于气管插管全麻,可作为首选的麻醉方式。     

喉罩与气管插管在患儿全身麻醉气道管理中的安全性Meta分析

目的采用Meta分析比较喉罩与气管插管在患儿全身麻醉气道管理中的安全性及有效性。方法计算机检索Cochrane、Pubmed、Web of Science、Embase、万方和中国知网等数据库,检索时间从建库到2019年7月,纳入比较喉罩与气管插管在患儿全身麻醉气道管理中应用的临床随机对照试验(RCT)。由两位研究员按照纳入与排除标准选择试验、提取资料,并根据Cochrane系统手册提供的质量评价标准评价纳入研究质量,采用RevMan 5.2软件进行Meta分析。主要结局指标包括术后喉痉挛及咽喉疼痛的发生率,次要结局指标包括术后咳嗽、声嘶的发生率、MAP和HR的波动等。结果最终纳入35项RCT,共3 010例患儿,其中喉罩组1 502例,气管插管组1 508例。Meta分析结果显示:与气管插管组比较,喉罩组术后喉痉挛(RR=0.36,95%CI 0.24～0.54,P0.001)、咽喉疼痛(RR=0.32,95%CI 0.25～0.42,P0.001)的发生率明显降低;喉罩组支气管痉挛、术后咳嗽、低氧血症及术后声嘶的发生率明显降低(P0.005);喉罩组麻醉诱导期间MAP和HR的波动明显较小(P0.001)。两组术后黏膜损伤、恶心呕吐、反流误吸、胃肠胀气及一次置入成功率差异无统计学意义。结论患儿全身麻醉时选择喉罩可以有效降低喉痉挛和咽喉疼痛,且对患儿的血压、心率影响较小。     

喉罩置入与气管插管全麻在结肠根治术中的效果观察

目的观察喉罩置入和气管插管全身麻醉在结肠癌根治手术中效果。方法将60例行结肠癌根治手术的患者随机分为喉罩置入(LMA)组和气管插管(TT)组,观察并比较2组麻醉期间的血流动力学变化及麻醉效果。结果麻醉期间2组通气、气体交换良好;TT组在T2和T5时间点HR明显快于T0及LMA组(P<0.05),SBP、DBP明显高于T0及LMA组(P<0.05);TT组麻醉并发症高于LMA组。结论在大肠癌根治手术中,喉罩置全身麻醉的效果于术明显优于气管插管全身麻醉。     

插管型喉罩用于颈椎手术患者气管插管的效果

颈椎手术患者一般伴有脊髓压迫、颈椎活动受限。实施全身麻醉时给气管内插管带来困难，同时经光纤喉镜直视下行气管插管也可能加重颈段脊髓的损伤。插管型喉罩（ILMA）具有更好的插管特性，在困难气道处理领域已获得认可。在置入喉罩时只需患者门齿间距大于20mm，而不需头颈明显后仰，在相对较浅麻醉状态下即可完成操作，因此对于伴有颈椎活动受限的颈椎手术患者可能具有一定程度的保护作用。有关ILMA应用于颈椎手术患者气管插管的效果还有待深入探讨。本研究拟评价ILMA用于颈椎手术患者气管插管的效果。     

妇科腹腔镜手术采用食管引流型喉罩与气管插管全身麻醉对呼吸循环系统影响的比较

目的比较妇科腹腔镜手术采用食管引流型喉罩与气管插管全身麻醉对呼吸循环系统的影响。方法拟在腹腔镜下行全子宫切除或次全子宫切除手术60例,采用随机数字表随机分入喉罩组和气管插管组。记录气腹前后的循环变化、通气指标及插管（罩）期、拔管（罩）期的呼吸循环变化和术后不良反应情况。结果气管插管组在插管后1 min、拔管前SBP明显高于喉罩组,差异有显著性意义（t=-12.415,P=0.000;t=-5.447,P=0.000）。气管插管组在插管后1 min、拔管前、拔管后3 min DBP明显高于喉罩组,差异有显著性意义（t=-6.393,P=0.000;t=-9.579,P=0.000;t=-4.790,P=0.000）。气管插管组在插管后1 min、气腹前、拔管前、拔管后3 min HR明显高于喉罩组,差异有显著性意义（t=-5.789,P=0.000;t=-2.566,P=0.013;t=-11.828,P=0.000;t=-4.558,P=0.000）。2组PETCO2在气腹期、拔管前的变化差异无显著性意义（P〈0.05）。气管插管组在苏醒期19例发生呛咳、躁动,喉罩组无呛咳、躁动发生,2组比较差异有显著性意义（χ^2=27.805,P=0.000）;喉罩组引流的胃液量明显多于气管插管组,2组比较差异有显著性意义（t=10.850,P=0.000）。气管插管组术后11例轻度咽痛,喉罩组3例轻度咽痛,差异有统计学意义（χ^2=18.373,P=0.000）。结论静脉全身麻醉下应用食管引流型喉罩行妇科腹腔镜手术可以达到与气管插管相同的通气效果,麻醉过程平稳,术后不良反应少。     

喉罩麻醉与气管内插管麻醉对老年腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者呼吸及循环功能的影响

目的探讨喉罩麻醉与气管内插管麻醉对老年腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)患者呼吸及循环功能的影响。方法随机将68例接受LC的老年患者分为2组,各34例。对照组行气管内插管麻醉,观察组予以喉罩麻醉。对比2组患者插入前(T_0)、插入后即刻(T_1)、插入后3min(T_2)、拔除前即刻(T_3)、拔除后即刻(T_4)、拔除后3 min(T_5)的MAP、HR、PETCO2及PAW的变化。结果 2组患者T_0时的MAP、HR差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组T_1~T_5各时点的MAP及HR均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。2组T_0、T_1、T_4、T_5时点的PETCO2及PAW差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组T_2、T_3的PETCO_2及PAW均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对行LC的老年患者实施喉罩麻醉,可保持血液循环稳定及有效通气。     

喉罩与气管插管对腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者术后躁动影响观察

目的 观察Supreme喉罩预防/减少全麻术后躁动的有效性.方法 选择行腹腔镜胆囊切除手术180例患者,采用抽签的方法将所有患者随机双盲分为喉罩置入组(L组,n=90)和气管内插管组(T组,n=90).全程观察患者在手术间及麻醉后监测治疗室(post-anesthesia care unit,PACU)中躁动的发生率及...     

喉罩与气管插管对腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者术后躁动影响观察

Objective To observe the validity of Supreme laryngeal mask airway (SLMA) to prevent/reduce postoperative agitation after general anesthesia. Methods 180 cases of elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomly assigned to SLMA group (L group, n=90) or endotracheal intubation group (T group, n=90). The incidence and severity of postoperative agitation were recorded both in the operation room and post-anesthesia care unit (PACU)(graded as 0 to 3). Results The incidence of postoperative agitation in L group was 7.78%, and 18.89% in T group (P＜0.01); the severity of postoperative agitation was obviously palliated in L group than in T group (P＜0.01). Conclusion Under general anesthesia, SLMA can effectively prevent/reduce the incidence of postoperative agitation in laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients.     

Is adenoidectomy in children safer with laryngeal mask airway or with tracheal intubation?

Adenoidectomy in paediatric outpatient surgery is assumed to require tracheal intubation (TT). The laryngeal mask airway (LMA) commonly used for general paediatric surgery has never been previously studied for adenoidectomy. We therefore prospectively compared in a randomized manner, the incidence of complications with TT and LMA in 56 children undergoing adenoidectomy. Preoperative, intraoperative and the lowest SPO₂ values after removal of either TT or LMA were recorded. The respiratory complications, cough, stridor and/or laryngospasm, were recorded intraoperatively and after removal of the airway device. The oxygen saturation levels were significantly higher in the laryngeal mask airway group both intraoperatively and after removal of the respiratory device (P<0.05). The incidence of respiratory complications was lower in the LMA group. In conclusion we have shown that the laryngeal mask airway with a flexometallic tube is a satisfactory alternative to tracheal intubation for outpatient paediatric adenoidectomy.     

A comparative study of tracheal intubation using an intubating laryngeal mask (Fastrach) alone or together with a lightwand (Trachlight)

Study Objective: To determine if the Trachlight^TM lightwand can facilitate Fastrach^TM intubation by guiding the tip of the endotracheal tube into the trachea.

Design: Open-label, prospective, randomized, comparative study.

Setting: General operating suites of a tertiary teaching hospital.

Patients: 172 elective surgical patients requiring general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation.

Interventions: With general anesthesia, the Fastrach™, which is a new intubating laryngeal mask airway, was inserted into the oropharynx. Ventilation was ensured before the insertion of an endotracheal tube via the Fastrach™. Tracheal intubation was then performed randomly (coin toss) using either the endotracheal tube alone (Fastrach™ group), or endotracheal tube with the Trachlight, a lightwand (Fastrach/Trachlight™ group). The time to place the Fastrach™ and endotracheal tube, to remove the Fastrach™, and the total time to intubate were recorded. The number of attempts, failures, trauma, sore throats, and hemodynamic changes were also recorded. Data were analyzed using unpaired t-test, ANOVA with repeated measures, or Chi-squares contingency table where appropriate.

Measurements and Main Results: Although there were no differences in the times to place the Fastrach™, and endotracheal tube, the hemodynamic changes, and postoperative complications, there were significantly more attempts and failures in the Fastrach™ group compared to the Fastrach™/Trachlight™ group. There were no differences in the incidence of sore throat and trauma in between the groups.

Conclusions: Although tracheal intubation is effective using a Fastrach™ alone (76% success rate), it is more effective when the Fastrach™ is used in conjunction with the Trachlight™ (95%). These results suggest that the lightwand is a useful adjunct for Fastrach™ intubation. However, the role of Fastrach™ intubation together with the Trachlight™ in the management of patients with a potential difficult airway remains to be determined.     

A comparison of the intubating laryngeal mask tracheal tube with a standard tracheal tube for fibreoptic intubation

We conducted a prospective randomised study to compare the intubating laryngeal mask tracheal tube with a standard tube, for ease of tracheal intubation over a fibrescope. Thirty-six patients were investigated, using a sequential analysis technique. Ease of intubation was improved when the intubating laryngeal mask tracheal tube was used compared with the standard tube (p = 0.0009). Median (interquartile range [range]) intubation times (time from the tube's tip being level with the patient's teeth to successful placement) were 1.5 (1-2.3 [1-3]) s when the intubating laryngeal mask tracheal tube was used and 5 (3-7.3 [3-13]) s when the standard tube was used (p < 0.0001).     

Laryngeal mask airway guided tracheal intubation in a neonate with the Pierre Robin syndrome

Endotracheal intubation in infants with the Pierre Robin syndrome may sometimes be impossible to accomplish by conventional means. To aid difficult tracheal intubation many different techniques have been described. We present a case, in which we successfully intubated a small-for-date newborn boy with the Pierre Robin syndrome by using a modified laryngeal mask airway (no. 1) as a guide for the endotracheal tube. The technique is easy to perform, less traumatic and less time-consuming than multiple attempts at laryngoscopy or blind tracheal intubation.     

The haemodynamic response to the insertion of the laryngeal mask airway: a comparison with laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation

The haemodynamic response to the insertion of the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) was assessed and compared to that of laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation in a study of forty patients (ASA 1) randomly allocated into two groups and anaesthetised using a standard balanced anaesthetic technique. The results show that the changes in all cardiovascular parameters measured following LMA insertion were significantly less (P<0.05) when compared with those following laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation. We conclude that airway management with the LMA may be used to avoid the haemodynamic response to tracheal intubation where such a response is undersirable.     

Prospective, randomized comparison of laryngeal tube and laryngeal mask airway in pediatric patients

BACKGROUND: While reports of the use of laryngeal mask airway (LMA)-Classic in great patient numbers are available, data on the use of the laryngeal tube (LT) in this age group is limited. The two devices are compared in a prospective randomized trial to evaluate success rates and quality of airway seal. METHODS: Sixty children, aged 2-8 years, scheduled for elective surgical interventions were randomized to be ventilated with LMA or LT. Standardized anesthesia was induced with fentanyl and propofol. Number of insertion attempts, time until first tidal volume and intraoperative tidal volumes, and peak pressures were recorded. Airway leak pressure was measured with cuff pressure adjusted to 60 cmH(2)O. RESULTS: Demographic data were comparable, average age in the LMA/LT group was 5.2 +/- 1.9/5.3 +/- 1.9 years. Insertion was successful in 29 of 30 patients in the LMA group (second attempt 8) and in all patients in the LT group (second attempt 3). Time until first tidal volume for LMA/LT was 23.1 +/- 7.3/19.2 +/- 8.6 s (P < 0.05). Peak airway pressures for LMA and LT were 15.3 +/- 3.4 and 17.1 +/- 4.0 cmH(2)O (P < 0.05) with tidal volumes of 10.2 +/- 2.2 and 10.2 +/- 1.9 ml.kg(-1), airway leak pressure was 19.2 +/- 8.6 cmH(2)O for LMA and 26.3 +/- 7.3 cmH(2)O for LT (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Insertion success rate is high with both LMA and LT in the age group studied. The airway leak pressure, serving as an estimate to judge quality of airway seal, is higher with the LT.     

Application of nasal flexible laryngeal mask airway in anesthesia for oral surgery

The laryngeal mask airway has been used increasingly in clinics but is seldom applied in anesthesia for oral surgery, as the mask occupies the middle of the mouth and tends to obstruct the surgical field. Here, we report the successful placement and usage of a nasal flexible laryngeal mask airway (FLMA) in an oral surgical procedure. Fifteen patients undergoing dental procedures under general anesthesia were studied. We clinically applied a previously reported method for inserting an FLMA with some modifications. There was no significant bleeding from the intubated nostril in any of the patients. None of the patients complained of sore throat, coughing, hoarseness, or any discomfort in the nose. Although we anticipate that further refinements of the technique may be possible and that the safety of this method using a nasal FLMA needs to be assessed in a greater number of patients, in this preliminary study we provide a proof-of-principle demonstration of the efficacy of nasal LMA ventilation as a method of airway management for oral surgery.     

可视喉罩与可视喉镜用于困难气管插管的比较

目的 比较可视喉罩和可视喉镜用于困难气管插管患者的效果。

方法 选择气管插管全麻手术患者90例,男27例,女63例,年龄18～64岁,BMI<30 kg/m²,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,根据术前简化气道风险指数（SARI）筛选困难气管插管患者（SARI评分≥3分）。采用随机数字表法将患者分为两组：可视喉罩组（S组）和可视喉镜组（C组）,每组45例。S组使用可视喉罩引导气管插管,C组使用可视喉镜完成气管插管。记录声门暴露分级、声门暴露时间、气管插管时间、总插管时间、插管成功例数,插管前、插管即刻、插管后3 min和拔管前、拔管即刻、拔管后3 min的HR和MAP、术后插管并发症（声音嘶哑、咽喉痛）的发生情况。

结果 与C组比较,S组声门暴露时间［Ｓ组（18.2±7.6）s vs C组（14.1±2.8）s］明显延长（P＜0.05）,S组插管即刻和拔管即刻HR明显减慢,MAP明显降低（P＜0.05）。两组声门暴露分级、气管插管时间、总插管时间、插管成功率和术后插管并发症发生率差异无统计学意义。

结论 在困难气管插管的患者中,使用可视喉罩与可视喉镜均能快速有效地完成气管插管,与可视喉镜比较,使用可视喉罩声门暴露时间延长,插管与拔管即刻血流动力学波动幅度较小。