北京市15～24岁未婚青少年高危性行为调查研究

目的 了解北京市15～24岁未婚青少年高危性行为的现状以及相关危险因素,为制定有针对性的干预措施提供依据。方法 在“北京市关爱青少年生殖健康综合防治项目”的四个试点区采用方便抽样的方法调查15～24岁未婚青少年共1 354名。采用自行设计的问卷调查青少年的一般情况和性行为情况,分析高危性行为的相关因素。结果 未婚青少年性行为发生率为16.3%。在有过性行为的青少年中,高危性行为发生率为51.1%。其中,最近一次性行为中,10.7%的青少年未采取避孕措施,16.8%的青少年采用低效避孕措施。48.2%的青少年表示性行为中避孕药具使用频率低。12.3%的青少年有过意外妊娠史。20.2%的青少年发生过多性伴行为。多因素分析结果显示,首次性行为年龄小于18岁是青少年高危性行为的危险因素(OR=3.737,95%CI:1.804~7.740)。结论 青少年高危性行为发生率较高,首次性行为年龄低是发生高危性行为的危险因素。高校和社区应加强青少年的性与生殖健康教育,推迟首次性行为年龄,减少青少年高危性行为的发生。     

The role of peer,parent, and culture in risky sexual behavior for Cambodian and Lao/Mien adolescents

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate the role of age, gender, peer, family, and culture in adolescent risky sexual behavior for Cambodian and Laotian (Lao)/Mien youth.MethodsWe obtained cross-sectional, in-home interview data including measures of individualism, collectivism, acculturation, risky sexual behavior, peer delinquency, parent engagement, and parent discipline from a sample of mostly second-generation Cambodian (n = 112) and Lao/Mien (n = 67) adolescents. Data were analyzed using step-wise, hierarchical multiple regressions.ResultsPeer delinquency and age (older) were significant predictors of risky sexual behavior in both groups. Parent discipline also significantly predicted risky sexual behavior, but only for Lao/Mien adolescents. Vertical and horizontal individualism were associated positively with risky sexual behavior for Cambodian youth whereas collectivism (horizontal) was associated negatively with risky sexual behavior for Lao/Mien youth. Acculturation was nonsignificant in both groups.ConclusionsIn addition to age, parents, and peer groups, the findings suggest that culture also matters in risky sexual behavior, particularly for Cambodian and Laotian youth.     

Substance use and other factors associated with risky sexual behavior among pregnant adolescents.

A study of the relationship between substance use and risky sexual behavior was conducted among 241 unmarried pregnant adolescents aged 17 and younger who lived in a metropolitan area in the Northwest. The respondents had comparable or higher lifetime use rates for all substances than did women in a national sample of high school seniors, even though the pregnant adolescents were younger. Ninety-four percent had used alcohol, 78% marijuana, 30% cocaine and 30% stimulants, compared with 92%, 48%, 14% and 23%, respectively, among women in the national sample. Among the pregnant adolescents, 84% had had more than one sexual partner, 39% had had a sexually transmitted disease and 60% had used contraceptives during less than half of their sexual encounters. At the bivariate level, use of cigarettes and alcohol in general and use of alcohol and drugs during sex were positively associated with risky sexual behavior. However, when other characteristics associated with risky sexual behavior--family bonding, parental monitoring, commitment to conventional values, peer associations, self-esteem and delinquent activities--were included in the multivariate analysis, the effect of substance use disappeared.     

家庭矛盾与青少年自杀行为关系的队列研究

目的 分析家庭矛盾与青少年自杀行为间的关系。方法 在山东省3个县（市）采用方便整群抽样的方法共选取8所中学作为调查学校,选取7、8和10年级的学生进行基线和随访调查,包括一般人口学、自杀行为、家庭矛盾和抑郁等信息,研究共纳入7 072名研究对象。采用多因素logistic回归模型分析家庭矛盾和自杀行为的关系。结果 7 072名研究对象的基线年龄为（14.58±1.45）岁,有任何自杀行为的有750人（10.6%）,其中自杀意念、自杀计划和自杀未遂的人数（报告率）分别为707人（10.0%）、258人（3.6%）和190人（2.7%）。有自杀行为者的家庭矛盾得分高于没有自杀行为者。调整其他因素后,logistic回归结果显示,家庭矛盾与自杀行为（OR=1.05,95%CI：1.01~1.10）、自杀意念（OR=1.05,95%CI：1.00~1.09）、自杀计划（OR=1.08,95%CI：1.01~1.16）和自杀未遂（OR=1.10,95%CI：1.02~1.19）的风险增加有关。进一步对性别进行分层后,分析结果显示,女生的家庭矛盾和自杀行为无统计学关联;男生的家庭矛盾和自杀行为有统计学关联,尤其是自杀意念和自杀计划,且男生家庭矛盾对于自杀计划的预测作用大于自杀意念。敏感性分析显示该结果对于男生稳定。结论 家庭矛盾可能会增加青少年自杀行为的风险,尤其是男生。和谐的家庭环境、良好的家庭氛围对预防和控制青少年自杀行为的发生具有重要意义。     

Gay identity and risky sexual behavior related to the AIDS threat

This paper explores the relationship between risky sexual behavior and issues of gay identity in homosexual men. We identify three main conceptual categories important to gay identity: sexual identity, gay social interaction, and identity development milestones. Each of these categories are analyzed as to their predictive effect on risky sexual behavior related to the threat of HIV, at six-month and eighteen-month intervals. The results suggest that successful integration into a gay network plays a role in reducing risky sexual behavior among homosexual men, regardless of the chronological timing of personal events marking a gay man's coming out history.Jill G. Joseph is Associate Professor of Epidemiology; K. Michael Joseph and S. Maurice Adib are Research Assistants; Margalit Tal is a Research Associate; all at the School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109.This study was funded by (1) the National Institute of Mental Health (2R01MH39346 and 1R01MH00507) and (2) the University of Michigan. The authors appreciate the contribution of biomedical data by the Chicago Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (AI-32535 from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases). We are grateful for the continuing assistance of Howard Brown Memorial Clinic in data collection.     

河南省12~15岁青少年牙周健康及相关知识行为状况

了解河南省12~15岁青少年牙周状况及相关口腔健康知识、口腔卫生行为,为青少年口腔预防保健工作提供科学依据.方法 采用多阶段分层等容量随机抽样的方法,在河南省4个县/区选取12所中学12~15岁学生3 786名,按照第四次全国口腔健康流行病学调查的方法和标准进行口腔健康检查和问卷调查.结果 青少年牙周健康检出率为6.08%,牙龈出血检出率为93.92%,牙石检出率为90.99%.青少年刷牙率为77.79%,每天刷牙≥2次青少年报告率为17.56%,使用牙线率为4.57%.有刷牙行为、使用牙线的青少年牙周健康检出率高于无刷牙行为、不使用牙线的青少年(x2值分别为10.81,5.96,P值均<0.05).牙周相关口腔健康知识知晓率为62.31%;除“细菌可引起龋齿”外,其他相关牙周疾病知识知晓率均超过50.00%.结论 河南省12~ 15岁青少年牙周状况不容乐观,牙周健康相关知识认知不足,口腔卫生行为正确率低,应加强青少年口腔健康教育的宣传力度.     

Relationship of AIDS-related attitudes to sexual behavior changes in adolescents.

The impact of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic on a group of adolescents was investigated by surveying 197 sexually active, predominantly African-American, urban high school students. Reported sexual behavior changes were evaluated in relation to AIDS-related knowledge and attitudes. Over 50% of the students decreased their frequency of sexual activity, increased their condom use, and/or decreased their number of partners. These students had significantly higher scores on a measure of worry about vulnerability to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection than those whose behavior had not changed. AIDS knowledge, AIDS beliefs, and AIDS-related anxiety interacted with gender to affect sexual behavior change. Male students reporting decreased frequency of sexual activity, for example, had more accurate beliefs about AIDS than males reporting no decrease. Among female students, however, those reporting decreased frequency had less accurate beliefs than those reporting no decrease. These results highlight the importance of considering gender and specific sexual behaviors when designing AIDS education interventions.     

Assessing the role of relationship conflict in sexual dysfunction

Relationship conflict has long been thought to cause, maintain, and influence the therapeutic outcome of sexual problems in the absence of a physical cause. The results of conflict can influence partners' relationship satisfaction, and relationship satisfaction can influence sexual satisfaction. General relationship deficiencies, such as unresolved conflict, undermine the mutual acceptance that is important to healthy sexual functioning. The purpose of this article is to summarize some of the basic empirical findings of studies of conflict patterns in relationships and their role in sex dysfunction and to suggest a model for assessing relationship conflict as a feature of sexual dysfunction. Results from several studies indicate that couples with sexual problems may have conflict-management issues and employ distinct conflict-resolution styles compared to satisfied couples. Dysfunctional conflict resolution may be a cause or result of some sexual problems, whereas constructive interaction concerning conflict can add to emotional and sexual intimacy in a couple's relationship. These patterns warrant systematic attention in assessment and intervention in sex therapy.     

The relationship between source of sexual information and sexual behavior among female adolescents

INTRODUCTION: The relationship between the source of sexual information and adolescent sexual behavior is not well understood. MATERIALS AND METHODS: As part of a larger study, 892 sexually active female adolescents between 15 and 18 years of age completed a paper-and-pencil survey which assessed discussions about sexual intercourse, contraceptive use and condom use among friends and family members and their own sexual behavior. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to examine associations while controlling for key demographics. RESULTS: Adolescents who had never used condoms were less likely to report having had discussions about sexual intercourse with their friends [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.2]. Discussions about condom use among friends and family members were associated with condom use in the past 3 months, with adolescents who used condoms at least half of the time being more likely to report hearing discussions relative to adolescents who never used condoms (AORs 2.0-3.8). Furthermore, the number of sexual partners was related to whether the adolescent had heard discussions among her family about condom use; the higher the number of sexual partners, the more likely the adolescent was to have heard discussions. For adolescents reporting 2-3, 4-5 and 6 or more partners (relative to one partner), the AORs were 1.7, 2.3 and 2.7, respectively. DISCUSSION: Adolescents exposed to information about condom use among the primary individuals in their lives are more likely to be engaging in this behavior themselves.     

Comparing the effects of entertainment and educational television programming on risky sexual behavior

Entertainment-education (E-E) may offer an effective way to reduce risky behavior by modeling healthy behaviors. Although there is some empirical evidence to support the effectiveness of the E-E strategy, much of this research has been conducted in countries with different media landscapes than that of the United States and controlled experiments in this context are rare. Moreover, empirical tests of the relative effectiveness of E-E messages and other message formats are needed. In this study, 437 undergraduates participated in a three-wave panel experiment in which they viewed one of three programs (E-E, education, or entertainment). Safer sex intentions and behaviors were measured several days before, immediately following, and 2 weeks after exposure. Results demonstrate that effects of exposure to this E-E program vary depending on gender and past experience with sexual intercourse. In particular, females and those who had not initiated sexual intercourse showed the strongest effects. Discussion of theoretical implications and suggestions for future research are provided.     

Underage driving as an indicator of risky behavior in children and adolescents

Driving among children and adolescents below the legal driving age in Texas was examined. There were 4170 accidents between 1995 and 2000 (66.5% involved injury/fatality). Drivers were more often male, and underage driving was greatest during the late afternoon/early evening. Risk of severe injury or death was inversely related to speed and nighttime driving, and was greater in rural areas, in accidents involving passengers and among black children and youth compared with white.     

Prevalence and factors associated to sexual behavior in Puerto Rican adolescents

Sexual relations with intercourse (ASR-I) and high prevalence of teen pregnancies (19.2%, in 2002) among adolescents in Puerto Rico constitute a serious biopsychosocial problem. Studying the consequences and correlates of ASR-I in community and mental health samples of adolescents is important in designing and implementing sexual health programs. Randomized representative cross-sectional samples of male and female adolescents from 11-18 years old (N = 994 from the general community, N = 550 receiving mental health services) who had engaged in ASR-I were the subjects of this study. Demographic, family, and sexual data and the DISC-IV were collected from individual interviews. Logistic regression models, bivariate odds ratios, Chi-squares, and t tests were used in the statistical analysis. The mental health sample showed higher rates of ASR-I, lifetime reports of pregnancy and lower age of ASR-I onset for females. No gender difference in the prevalence of ASR-I was observed in both samples. Older adolescents from the community sample meeting psychiatric diagnosis criteria, and with lower parental monitoring, were more likely to engage in ASR-I, whereas in the mental health sample, adolescents with lower parental monitoring and parental involvement reported significantly more ASR-I. Prevalence of ASR-I and Risky Sexual Behavior (RSB) were almost identical. Adolescents with mental health disorders initiate and engage in ASR-I earlier and more frequently regardless of gender. Older adolescents are more likely to engage in ASR-I and parent-child relationships emerged as a highly relevant predictor of adolescent sexual behavior. The high correspondence between ASR-I and RSB has important clinical implications.     

家庭因素对珠三角地区中学生吸烟饮酒行为的影响

了解家庭因素对中学生吸烟饮酒行为的影响,为更好地预防控制青少年吸烟饮酒提供科学依据.方法 采用分层整群随机抽样法,在珠三角地区抽取部分中学初二至高二年级的l 573名学生,采用自我报告法调查吸烟饮酒行为.对有吸烟或饮酒行为的137名学生,按照班级、年龄、性别采用1∶2配对选取未使用成瘾物质的274名学生作为对照组.采用单因素和多因素条件Logistic回归分析的方法,探讨影响中学生吸烟饮酒行为的家庭因素.结果 珠三角地区中学生饮酒行为报告率为7.63%,高于吸烟行为报告率的3.18%,初次饮酒的年龄为(11.5+3.49)岁,初次吸烟的年龄为(13.5+2.46)岁.多因素条件Logistic回归分析显示,父亲目前吸烟/饮酒(OR=2.236)、亲戚吸烟/饮酒(OR=2.523)是中学生吸烟饮酒行为的家庭危险因素,亲子感情高得分(OR =0.885)是中学生吸烟饮酒行为的家庭保护因素(P值均<0.01).结论 父亲和亲戚吸烟饮酒行为会影响中学生使用烟酒行为,良好的家庭关系和亲子感情有助于预防中学生的吸烟饮酒行为.     

广州市某两区居民社会支持状况 对高危性行为影响分析

摘要:目的　了解广州市某两区居民高危性行为的现状,并探讨社会支持对该人群高危性行为的影响。方法　采用横断面调查的方法,在广州市越秀区和天河区采用基于人群概率的空间抽样方法随机抽取调查地点,每个调查地点在居民楼内随机选取1名18～59岁的居民进行问卷调查。调查内容包括社会人口学特征、生理和心理健康状况、健康行为及高危性行为,并采用《社会支持评定量表》评估其社会支持状况。结果　采用空间随机抽样抽取调查地点1215个,实际参与调查调查765人,应答率为62.96%。调查人群自报的多性伴和非保护性行为发生率为18.25%和52.51%。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,社会支持中的主观支持（OR＝0.901,95%CI:0.847～0.958）是降低多性伴行为发生的保护因素,而对支持利用度（OR＝0.844,95%CI:0.740～0.962）是减少非保护性行为的保护因素。研究结果显示年龄、性别、婚姻状况及酒精滥用情况同样影响该人群高危性行为的发生。结论　在高危人群比例较高的地区,应重视高危性行为等健康行为方面的教育和指导,尤其年龄较大、女性及酒精滥用人群,改善其社会支持状况,以降低高危性行为的发生,进而有利于性传播疾病的预防控制。     

Attitudes of the aged toward nontraditional sexual behavior

Age as a correlate of attitudes toward nontraditional sexual behavior is explored. The data were drawn from a United States national probability sample. Subgroup comparisons were made between two age cohorts — respondents over and under 65. Sexual attitudes were measured toward premarital sexual relations, extramarital sexual relations, and homosexuality. Older respondents held the most conservative sexual attitudes. However, the background variables of sex, social status, church attendance, marital status, and parenthood were predictors of sexual attitudes for both age strata. The findings indicate individual variations among the aged with the likelihood of a greater range of differences in the future.