抗疲劳中药制剂对游泳小鼠抗疲劳效果观察

目的观察抗疲劳中药制剂的抗疲劳效果。方法抗疲劳中药制剂由人参、刺五加、葛根、黄芪、枸杞等组成,按低、中、高剂量灌胃每天1次,连续2周,以负重游泳的方法制备疲劳模型,观察小鼠力竭性游泳时间及血糖、乳酸、尿素氮和肝糖原水平,并与正常对照组和游泳对照组比较。结果抗疲劳中药制剂3.04、.5 mg.kg-1组动物力竭性游泳时间比游泳对照组分别延长45.3%和47.7%,差异均有显著性(P<0.05)。抗疲劳中药制剂3.04、.5 mg.kg-1组血糖含量分别为(5.3±0.4)mmol.L-1和(5.4±0.5)mmol.L-1,均高于游泳对照组〔(4.7±0.7)mmol.L-1〕,低于正常对照组〔(6.2±0.5)mmol.L-1〕,差异均有显著性(P<0.05);抗疲劳中药制剂3个剂量组肝糖原水平均显著高于游泳对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01),血尿素氮水平下降,血乳酸水平略有升高。结论本抗疲劳中药制剂能有效维持游泳动物血糖、肝糖原水平,抑制蛋白质分解,具有一定的抗疲劳作用。     

加减二至丸凉茶对小鼠抗疲劳作用

目的 通过动物实验研究加减二至丸凉茶的抗疲劳作用.方法 雄性昆明种小鼠160只,根据体重随机分为对照组和加减二至丸凉茶低、中、高剂量组.经口灌胃,连续30 d.按卫生部<保健食品功能学评价程序和检验方法规范>进行实验.结果 加减二至丸凉茶中、高剂量组负重游泳时间分别为(13.29±4.51),(16.21±7.01)min,比对照组(8.01±2.13)min明显延长(P<0.05);高剂量组小鼠运动后血清尿素氮为(6.87±1.39)mmol/L,明显低于对照组(10.49±3.29)mmol/L;其肝糖原为(9.43±2.40)mg/g肝组织,明显高于对照组(6.22±0.59)mg/g肝组织(P<0.05);高剂量组血乳酸曲线下面积均值与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),表明高剂量的加减二至丸凉茶具有降低运动小鼠血乳酸的作用.结论 加减二至丸凉茶有抗疲劳作用.     

枸杞子、淫羊藿的提取物与海参、牡蛎肉的冻干粉合用缓解体力疲劳作用研究

目的研究枸杞子、淫羊藿的提取物与海参、牡蛎肉的冻干粉合用缓解体力疲劳的作用效果。方法按《保健食品检验与评价技术规范》缓解体力疲劳检测评价方法,将192只ICR(institute of cancer research)雄性小鼠随机分为阴性溶剂对照组、低(0.14g/kg·bw)、中(0.27g/kg·bw)、高剂量(0.80g/kg·bw)组,每组48只,连续灌胃给药30d后,测定小鼠负重游泳时间、游泳后血清尿素、血乳酸含量和肝糖原含量。结果中、高剂量组小鼠负重游泳时间分别为(549±97)s、(541±91)s,较对照组(408±75)s明显增加(P0.01);中、高剂量组小鼠血清尿素分别为(12.43±0.69)mmol/L、(12.53±0.85)mmol/L,较对照组(13.49±0.79)mmol/L明显降低(P0.01);低、中、高剂量组肝糖原分别为(5.61±0.55)、(6.33±0.71)、(6.38±0.75)g/100g,均高于对照组(P0.01)。中剂量组小鼠运动血乳酸含量显著低于对照组(P0.01)。结论枸杞子、淫羊藿的提取物与海参、牡蛎肉的冻干粉合用具有缓解体力疲劳的作用。     

红景天含片缓解小鼠体力疲劳作用的研究

[目的]研究红景天含片的抗疲劳保健功能。[方法]给小鼠灌胃该含片低、中、高3个剂量组,同时设立对照组,观察小鼠体重、负重游泳时间、肝糖原含量、血乳酸等指标的变化。[结果]中、高剂量组含片的小鼠负重游泳时间(s)分别为635±212、660±247,与对照组377±100比较明显延长;小鼠肝糖原含量中剂量组为4.54±0.83(g/100 g肝组织),与对照组3.27±0.77(g/100 g肝组织)比较有显著增加;高剂量组小鼠运动前后血乳酸曲线下面积为85.3±7.5,与对照组112.9±13.3比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。[结论]该含片能明显延长小鼠负重游泳时间,显著增加小鼠肝糖原含量,减少小鼠运动前后血乳酸曲线下面积,具有缓解体力疲劳功能。     

谷物发酵液对急性缺氧大鼠某些组织生化指标的影响

目的观察谷物发酵液对急性缺氧大鼠某些组织生化指标的影响,评价其抗缺氧效果,为研发新型抗缺氧药物提供科学依据。方法将Wistar大鼠随机分为常氧对照组、缺氧对照组和缺氧治疗组。缺氧治疗组每日以谷物发酵液(200 mg/mL)4 mL分2次灌胃,其他2组以同样方法灌以等体积蒸馏水,连续7 d。至第7 d灌胃1 h后,缺氧2组置于低压舱内海拔8000 m停留5 h后,迅速活杀取其全血、大脑、心肌、肝脏和后肢骨骼肌样品,按试剂盒方法测定其生化指标。结果缺氧治疗组的全血乳酸含量〔(16.99±4.55)mmol/L〕显著低于缺氧对照组〔(24.82±4.51)mmol/L〕(P<0.01),而接近于常氧对照组〔(15.76±3.09)mmol/L〕,其他组织的乳酸含量均呈现类似变化。缺氧治疗组的心肌ATP含量和骨骼肌糖原含量〔(66.05±7.63)nmol/μg、(1.75±0.56)mg/g〕则分别显著高于缺氧对照组〔(57.90±5.32)nmol/μg〕、(0.86±0.36)mg/g〕(P<0.05,P<0.01),但也接近于常氧对照组〔(64.85±6.28)nmol/μg、(1.11±0.45)mg/g〕,其他组织的ATP和糖原含量变化也类似。各组血糖浓度和心肌LDH的活力差异无统计学意义。结论谷物发酵液对缺氧动物的能量代谢有较明显的改善作用。     

羊栖菜多糖复方对雄性小鼠免疫及生殖器官辐射伤的防护

目的观察羊栖菜多糖复方制剂对γ射线损伤雄性小鼠免疫器官及生殖器官的防护作用。方法将50只雄性小鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组及低〔0.692 g/(kg.d)〕、中〔2.075 g/(kg.d)〕、高〔4.150 g/(kg.d)〕3个剂量羊栖菜多糖复方制剂组(SFPCP),每天1次灌胃给药,灌胃2周后,除正常对照组外,各组均以剂量率为0.83 Gy/h的60Coγ射线进行1次全身照射6 h,照射剂量为5 Gy。于照前1 d,照后3 d、14 d测定外周血白细胞数,照后14 d测定小鼠胸腺指数、脾指数、骨髓有核细胞数(BMNC)、睾丸质量指数、精子总数及精子畸形率。结果照后14 d,中剂量给药组外周血白细胞数为(1.4±0.2)×109/L,明显高于模型组(1.0±0.5)×109/L(P<0.05);照后14 d,低、中、高3个剂量组小鼠的胸腺指数分别为(2.21±0.63)mg/g、(2.10±0.43)mg/g及(2.03±0.32)mg/g,明显高于模型组的(1.58±0.58)mg/g(P<0.05),中、高剂量组的脾指数和骨髓有核细胞数显著高于模型组的(P<0.05);中、高剂量组睾丸质量指数分别为(3.55±0.30)mg/g和(3.57±0.31)mg/g,明显高于模型组(3.26±0.30)mg/g(P<0.05),低、中、高剂量组精子总数分别为(17.5±6.2)×104,(19.0±7.0)×104和(20.8±11.4)×104,明显高于模型组(12.2±7.4)×104(P<0.05),中、高剂量组的精子畸形率显著低于模型组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论羊栖菜多糖复方制剂对小鼠的免疫器官及生殖器官的辐射损伤具有一定的保护作用。     

3种药膳对小鼠抗疲劳的效果

目的探讨3种药膳制剂对小鼠的抗疲劳作用,为研究抗疲劳制剂提供实验依据。方法将120只雄性昆明种小鼠按体质量随机分为4组,分别为参蚁药酒组、药膳Ⅰ号膏剂组、药膳Ⅱ号膏剂组和对照组;每组30只,分批实验,每次实验从对应组中随机抽取10只小鼠。灌喂实验制剂15d后,分别检测小鼠体质量、力竭游泳时间和血乳酸、血清尿素氮、肝糖原、肌糖原。结果参蚁药酒组、药膳Ⅰ号、Ⅱ号膏剂组和对照组小鼠的力竭游泳时间分别为（411.0±22.2）s、（325.0±31.2）s、（595.0±53.9）s、（231.0±22.5）s,3个药膳组均明显长于对照组（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）;各组运动后肝糖原含量分别为（15.7±4.7）mg/g、（23.1±6.1）mg/g、（32.0±5.4）mg/g、（12.3±2.5）mg/g,3个药膳组均明显高于对照组（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）;各组运动后血清尿素氮含量分别为（9.5±1.1）mmol/L、（9.9±0.6）mmol/L、（10.0±1.1）mmol/L、（11.8±1.5）mmol/L,3个药膳组均明显低于对照组（P〈0.01）;Ⅰ、Ⅱ号膏剂组运动后血乳酸的生成量均低于对照组。几项检测指标中,Ⅱ号膏剂组与对照组比较差异最明显（P〈0.01）。结论3种药膳制剂对小鼠均有明显的抗疲劳效果,且Ⅱ号药膳膏剂效果最显著。     

小米多肽对小鼠抗疲劳作用

目的 研究小米多肽对小鼠的抗疲劳作用.方法 小米多肽分为0.2、0.4、0.8 g/(kg·d)高、中、低剂量组,喂饲小鼠30 d,观察小鼠负重游泳时间,测定肝糖原和血清尿素氮含量.结果 0.4、0.8 g/(kg·d)小米多肽剂量组小鼠负重游泳时间与阴性对照组比较分别增加4.45和10.51 min(P ＜0.01),小鼠运动过程中肝糖原含量分别为(9.83±0.10),( 10.15±0.21) mg/g,与阴性对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),血清尿素氮的含量明显减少(P＜0.01).结论 小米多肽对小鼠有明显的抗疲劳作用.     

金秋胶囊对小鼠抗疲劳作用的研究

目的 探讨金秋胶囊对小鼠抗疲劳的作用,为其开发利用提供实验依据。方法 将192只雄性昆明小鼠按体重随机分为4批,分别用于负重游泳实验、血清尿素测定、肝糖原测定和血乳酸测定实验,每批48只。每批小鼠随机分为4组,包括金秋胶囊受试物低、中、高3个剂量组和溶剂对照组,每组12只。低、中、高剂量组小鼠分别以0.23、0.45和1.35 g/kg的剂量灌胃给予受试物,溶剂对照组给予蒸馏水;每天1次,连续30天。末次给予受试物30 min后检测各组小鼠的负重游泳时长,测定肝糖原含量、血清尿素和血乳酸浓度。每周记录小鼠的体重,根据体重调整灌胃剂量。结果中、高剂量组金秋胶囊小鼠负重游泳时间分别为（13.1±2.3）、（14.2±4.7）min,较溶剂对照组时间延长;血清尿素分别为（13.63±2.05）、（13.13±2.01）mmol/L,较溶剂对照组降低;血乳酸曲线下面积分别为（104.9±20.6）、（94.9±22.8）,较溶剂对照组降低;差异均具有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。高剂量组小鼠肝糖原含量为（4 559±872）mg/g,较溶剂对照组含量增加,差异具有统计学意义（P<0...     

灵芝孢子粉对小鼠抗疲劳作用及生化机制初探

目的观察灵芝孢子粉对小鼠的抗疲劳作用并探讨其生化机制。方法 80只SPF级ICR小白鼠,按体质量随机分为对照组和灵芝孢子粉高剂量(500mg/kg)、中剂量(300mg/kg)、低剂量(100mg/kg)实验组,每组20只,雌雄各半。根据小鼠体质量和实验设计的剂量,每只小鼠按0.2 ml/10g的灌胃量于每天上午灌胃灵芝孢子粉溶液一次。实验周期为30d。末次灌胃30 min后,小鼠在30℃的温水浴中进行负重游泳实验;剖杀后采集小鼠肝脏和后腿肌肉组织,检测肝糖原和肌糖原含量,同时采集小鼠血清,检测血清中葡萄糖、尿素氮含量和乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase, LDH)、和碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase, AKP)等酶活性。结果灌胃不同剂量灵芝孢子粉30d后,各组小鼠的游泳时间明显长于对照组,高剂量组雌、雄鼠差异显著(5.53±1.44、16.90±5.98和10.65±1.26、20.61±3.31),分别提高了205.6%和93.5%;与对照组相比,三个剂量组小鼠肝糖原含量均显著升高(P<0.01);雌性小鼠肌糖原含量较对照组略有降低,雄性小鼠肌糖原含量较对照组略有升高,但各组间差异均不显著(P>0.05)。各剂量组小鼠血糖含量都高于对照组,且对照组与高剂量组差异显著(1.43±0.03、2.94±0.11,1.78±0.04、2.75±0.07,P<0.05);各剂量组小鼠血清尿素氮含量低于对照组。灌胃灵芝孢子粉各剂量组雌鼠血清中AKP活性均低于对照组,且在高剂量组显著或极显著降低(P<0.05,P<0.01)。与对照组相比,各剂量组小鼠血清LDH活性显著或极显著升高(P<0.05、P<0.01)。结论灌胃灵芝孢子粉可以延长小鼠游泳时间,提高小鼠抗疲劳能力。其生化特点表现在:一方面通过增加小鼠肝脏和肌肉中糖原的积累,提高了小鼠的能量储备;另一方面通过减缓尿素氮的累积和血糖水平的下降,使机体对负荷的适应性增强。[营养学报,2019,41(2):173-177]     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.