尿白蛋白排泄率与2型糖尿病微血管病变的相关性分析

研究尿白蛋白排泄率(UAER)与糖尿病肾脏病变(DN)、视网膜病变(DR)之间的关系,并探讨与其有关的相关危险因素. 对465例2型糖尿病患者按UAER分成正常白蛋白尿组(NAU组,UAER＜20μg/min)、微量白蛋白尿组(MAU组,20μg/min ≤UAER＜200μg/min )和临床白蛋白尿组(CAU组,U...     

2型糖尿病微血管病变患者血浆对氧磷酯酶-1活性与氧化应激的关系

目的探讨2型糖尿病微血管病变(DMPA)患者血浆对氧磷酯酶-1(PON-1)活性与氧化应激的关系。方法168例2型糖尿病根据微血管并发症情况分为无微血管并发症(NDC)组、糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)组和糖尿病肾病(DN)组,分别检测各组患者血浆PON-1、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和循环谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSHPx)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量,分析PON-1活性与SOD、MDA、GSHPx之间的关系。结果糖尿病各组患者血浆PON-1、SOD、GSHPx活性均明显低于对照组(P<0.01),DMPA组又低于NDC组(P<0.05),而血浆MDA含量与对照组比较显著升高(P<0.01),DMPA组又高于NDC组(P<0.05)。相关分析表明,糖尿病患者血浆PON-1活性与GSHPx、SOD呈正相关(r=0.774,P<0.01;r=0.801,P<0.01),与MDA呈负相关(r=-0.833,P<0.01)。结论在2型糖尿病DMPA中氧化应激增强及血浆PON-1活性显著降低,PON-1与氧化应激及其相互作用参与了2型糖尿病DM-PA的发生和发展。     

不同病程中C-肽与2型糖尿病微血管病变的相关性

目的研究C-肽与2型糖尿病（T2DM）肾脏病变（DN）、视网膜病变（DR）之间的关系。方法选择T2DM病人403例,根据有无DN、DR、DPN,并按糖尿病病程≤5年、〉5-≤10年,〉10-≤15年,〉15年进行分组,比较不同病程中各组C-肽的水平,用Logistic多元回归分析微血管病变的危险因素。结果不同病程中,有DN、DR的病人血清C-肽分别低于无DN、DR的病人,病情越重,C-肽下降越明显,P〈0．05或P〈0．01;Logistic回归分析,FCP是DN、DR的保护因素,P均为0．000。结论血清C-肽是DN、DR的保护因素,其下降可能导致了T2DM微血管病变的发生发展。     

DM2并发CHD患者血浆vWF和血清hs-CRP的相关性分析

目的：探讨DM2并发冠心病（CHD）患者血浆血管性白血病因子（vWF）和超敏C-反应蛋白（hs-CRP）水平的相关性。方法：应用酶联法和免疫比浊法对36例DM2并发CHD患者进行了血浆vWF和血清hs-CRP检测,并与35名正常人作比较。结果：DM2并发CHD患者血浆vWF和血清hs-CRP水平非常显著地高于正常人组（P〈0.01）,且血浆vWF水平与hs-CRP水平呈正相关（r=0.5928,P〈0.01）。结论：DM2并发CHD患者血浆vWF和血清hs-CRP水平密切相关。     

The Relation Between Gender Role Orientation and Fear and Anxiety in Nonclinic-Referred Children

This study examined the relation between gender role orientation and fear and anxiety in a sample of nonclinic-referred children (N = 209) ages 10 to 13 years. Children and their parents completed questionnaires assessing children's gender role orientation, toy and activity preferences, and fear and anxiety. Results generally indicated that femininity and a preference for girls' toys and activities were positively associated with fear and anxiety, whereas masculinity and a preference for boys' toys and activities were negatively related to these emotions. Furthermore, gender role orientation accounted for more of the variance in fear and anxiety scores than the child's sex.     

烟酰胺对1型糖尿病的防治作用及其机理

目的　探讨烟酰胺 (Nicotinamide ,NAA)对 1型糖尿病 (1-DM)的防治作用 方法　NAA 1.2g/m2 .d治疗 1型糖尿病 48例 ,连续口服 4个月 .结果　 16例血基础C -肽 (CP)和胰高糖素刺激后 6分钟C -肽 (6’ -CP)显著升高 ;其中 8例出现蜜月期 ,5例胰岛细胞抗体 (ICA)和胰岛素自身抗体 (IAA)均阳性 ,3例为ICA阳性 ;蜜月期发生于治疗后第 3～ 12周 ;随访 18个月 ,其中 5例需恢复INS治疗 .其余的 32例治疗并随访 12个月以上 ,C -肽有上升趋向 .结论　烟酰胺对 1型糖尿病早期的胰岛 β细胞有一定的保护作用 .     

The Relationship Between Executive Attention and Dissociation in Children

SUMMARY

Dissociation involves disruption in the usually integrated functions of consciousness, memory, identity, and perception. Recent research with adults suggests that dissociation is associated with alterations in attention. Little work, however, has examined the attentional correlates of dissociation in childhood. This study is the first to investigate the specificity of cognitive functions related to dissociation in children. Twenty-four 5- to 8-year-old foster children completed several subtests of the NEPSY: A Developmental Neuropsychological Assessment (Korkman, Kirk, & Kemp, 1998) in the Executive Functioning/ Attention domain. Foster caregivers completed the Child Dissociative Checklist (Bernstein & Putnam, 1986). Consistent with the adult literature, higher levels of childhood dissociation were associated with deficits in tasks requiring inhibition, but not with tasks requiring primarily planning, strategy, or multiple rule sets.     

大学生对权威的畏惧感与心理健康的关系

目的:考察大学生对权威的畏惧感与心理健康的关系。方法:对222名大学生被试进行问卷测量,填写"对权威的畏惧感问卷"和焦虑、抑郁、惧怕否定等自评量表。对数据进行相关分析。结果:对权威的畏惧感与焦虑、抑郁、惧怕否定、完美主义等心理困扰存在中等强度的正相关,与孤独感和羞怯存在较弱的正相关,与自尊存在较弱的负相关。结论:对权威的畏惧感与一系列心理困扰有关,较高的对权威的畏惧感不利于心理健康。     

Associations Between Child Sleep Problems and Maternal Mental Health in Children with ADHD

ABSTRACT

Objective/Background: Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) experience more sleep problems than typically developing children. In addition, higher rates of depression are experienced by mothers of children with ADHD compared to mothers of children without ADHD. This study aimed to determine whether particular sleep problems in children with ADHD are associated with specific maternal mental health difficulties.

Participants: Female caregivers of 379 children with ADHD (5–13 years) participated. The child’s ADHD diagnosis was reconfirmed during recruitment by caregivers completing the ADHD Rating Scale-IV.

Method: Caregivers reported on their mental health using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale and their child’s sleep using the Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire. Unadjusted and adjusted regression analyzes were undertaken.

Results: In the adjusted analyzes, there were small significant associations between most aspects of child sleep (i.e. Bedtime Resistance, Night Waking, Parasomnias, Sleep Duration, Daytime Sleepiness and Total Sleep Problems) and maternal Anxiety and Stress, with the exception of Sleep-Onset Delay. Bedtime Resistance, Sleep Duration, Daytime Sleepiness and Total Sleep Problems also had small significant associations with maternal Depression. Sleep Anxiety had a small significant association with maternal Anxiety only.

Conclusions: This study demonstrates important connections between many child sleep problems and particular aspects of maternal mental health, suggesting adaptations to behavioral sleep interventions for children and mental health interventions for parents to take a family approach may be beneficial. Future research should consider the longitudinal associations between child sleep and parent mental health in an effort to inform future intervention approaches.     

2型糖尿病的精神症状与C-反应蛋白关系的临床研究

C -反应蛋白 (CRP)与心脑血管病的关系是近年的研究热点。它是反映炎症的敏感指标 ,近年来的研究表明CRP与 2型糖尿病及其大血管病的发生、发展和预后有着密切的关联 ,有假说认为炎症在2型糖尿病的发病机制中起媒介作用[1] 。国内外的许多研究已证实 ,心理社会因素在糖尿病的发生发展过程中起重要作用 ,但是关于心理社会因素与CRP之间关系的研究 ,国内外尚未见报道。本文通过研究 2型糖尿病患者的CRP变化及其与精神症状的关系 ,以期从另外一个角度探讨 2型糖尿病的发病机制 ,对糖尿病的心身相关因素有更深入的了解。1　对象和方法1.1…     

瘦素与儿童营养不良的相关性研究

为探讨瘦素与儿童营养不良的关系,用R IA法检测50例营养不良儿童和50名正常儿童血清瘦素水平。结果表明,营养不良组瘦素水平显著低于对照组（P〈0.05）,并与体重指数值呈正相关（r=0.650,P〈0.05）,与血清白蛋白值呈正相关（r=0.740,P〈0.05）,而且在营养不良组中,女性患儿血清瘦素水平高于男性患儿。营养不良儿童血清瘦素明显低于正常儿童,这提示瘦素参与儿童机体营养状态的调节,血清瘦素水平与儿童营养不良的程度有关,可以作为儿童营养不良的实验室检测指标之一。     

脂联素与2型糖尿病的关系

测定2型糖尿病患者血清脂联素的水平,并分析它与血糖、胰岛素、血脂的相关性,从而探讨2型糖尿病患者循环血中脂联素的作用.对照组32例;2型糖尿病患者105例,其中糖尿病非肥胖组53例(BMI＜25kg/m2);肥胖组52例(BMI≥25kg/m2).用RIA检测空腹血清脂联素和胰岛素,血糖和血脂.结果表明对照组脂联素水平为9.46±0.89mg/L,非肥胖组为5.83±1.06mg/L,肥胖组为3.17±0.56mg/L,糖尿病患者脂联素明显低于对照组(P＜0.05),以肥胖组低下更甚.血清脂联素与血糖、甘油三脂呈负相关,r值分别为-0.59,-0.76.脂联素可能参与了2型糖尿病的发病.脂联素测定可作为早期诊断、预防和治疗2型糖尿病的一种有效手段.     

The Relationship Between Social Competence and Achievement in Elementary School Children

A significant correlation between academic achievement and peer popularity has long been established in the educational literature. Nonetheless, comparisons between high- and low-status children have often ,failed to take achievement into account. In this study, low-achieving third- and fourth-grade boys of low sociometric status were compared to higher achieving boys of high sociometric status. Results indicated that a revision of a previously used social knowledge interview method elicited high levels of prosocial responding by all groups and no significant differences between groups. Results of two teacher-rating scales indicated that differences between high- and low-status children of comparable achievement levels approached but did not reach significance. However, children who were low in both achievement und sociometric status were rated as significantly loss competent by their teachers. The teacher-rating scale data suggest that achievement is a factor to be considered when examining social status differences between children. Possible explanations regarding the role of achievement in affecting social status differences, along with implications for further research, are discussed.     

2型糖尿病患者糖尿病视网膜病变与实验室检验指标的相关性研究

目的 探讨2型糖尿病患者实验室检验指标与2型糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)进展的相关性.方法 回顾提取解放军总医院医疗大数据平台2013年至2017年51023例2型糖尿病患者数据资料,分为NDR(无DR)组、BDR(背景期DR)组和PDR(增殖期DR)组,对各组间患者的基本资料及37项实验室检验指标进行统计学比较分析.结果 BDR组和PDR组收缩压和舒张压较NDR组高;DR患者中,尤其PDR组,平均年龄更低,女性、未婚者、农村居住人口、不稳定职业者之中DR所占比率更高(均P<0.01).37项实验室检验指标水平在NDR、BDR与PDR三组间的差异均具有统计学意义(均P<0.01):①空腹及餐后2h血糖、糖化血红、血清蛋白值、三酰甘油、血尿素氮、血清肌酐、纤维蛋白原和磷脂在BDR组最高;②血清C肽值、尿肌酐值、总胆红素、直接胆红素、总蛋白、碱性磷酸酶、谷氨酰转肽酶、乳酸脱氢酶、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶值、部分活化凝血酶原时间和红细胞压积则由NDR组到BDR组、PDR组依次下降;③低密度、高密度脂蛋白值、24 h尿微量蛋白、Alb/Cr、血小板、凝血酶原活动度和血沉在组间依次增高;④白球比值在PDR组最高.Logistic回归分析中,糖化血红蛋白(OR=1.15)、血清肌酐(OR=1.13)、凝血酶原活动度(OR=1.13)、血尿素氮(OR=1.07)、纤维蛋白原(OR=1.06)和低密度脂蛋白(OR=1.05)(P<0.05)是DR的危险因素(P<0.01);而红细胞压积(OR=0.80,P<0.01)、谷氨酰胺转肽酶(OR=0.90,P<0.01)、间接胆红素(OR=0.94)、乳酸脱氢酶(OR=0.94)和年龄(OR=0.94)是DR的保护因素(P<0.05).结论 早期监测与干预2型糖尿病患者红细胞压积和代表血糖水平、肾功能、凝血功能、血脂、肝功能等的部分标志性实验室检验指标,有助于预防和延缓DR进展.     

过敏性紫癜患儿尿蛋白和内皮素的临床关联研究

研究过敏性紫癜（HSP）、过敏性紫癜性肾炎（HSPN）患儿尿清蛋白与内皮素1（ET-1）在HSP、HSPN发生发展中的作用。对对照组（21例）和紫癜患儿（29例）,用磺柳酸比浊法测定尿清蛋白排泄率（UAER）,用放射免疫法（RIA）测定血清ET-1水平,比较UAER和ET-1在HSP与HSPN的水平变化以及在HSPN治疗前后的水平变化。HSP组与对照组24h尿清蛋白比较无显著差异（P〉0.05）,HSPN组与对照组、HSP组比较有非常显著差异（P〈0.01,）;ET-1在HSP组与对照组比较有显著差异（P〈0.05）;HSPN组与对照组、HSP组比较有非常显著差异和显著差异（P〈0.01,P〈0.05）;HSPN组治疗后24h尿清蛋白和ET-1降低,较治疗前有非常显著差异（P〈0.01）;24h尿清蛋白与血清ET-1呈正相关关系（r=0.504,P〈0.05）。ET-1参与HSP、HSPN的发病,并与尿蛋白的发生、发展有关。     

妊娠期糖尿病患者并发高血压与胰岛素抵抗的关系

目的：探讨妊娠期糖尿病患者并发高血压与其胰岛素敏感性的关系。方法：血糖筛查阳性孕妇95例分为高血压疾病组和血压正常组,口服葡萄糖耐量试验后,比较2组孕妇血糖BG1、BG2、BG3、空腹胰岛素测定值及胰岛素敏感性,并以健康体检合格孕妇85名为对照组。结果：高血压疾病组空腹血糖、服糖1、2．3h后的血糖、空腹胰岛素测定值均高于血压正常组和对照组,差异有显著性（P〈0．05）,胰岛素敏感指数降低高于血压正常组及对照组（P〈0．05）。结论：妊娠期糖尿病患者存在明显的胰岛素抵抗,其晚期发生妊高征的可能性较大。     

乳腺癌伴2型糖尿病的临床特征分析

目的探讨伴有2型糖尿病乳腺癌患者的临床特征,为乳腺癌个体化治疗提供依据。方法回顾性分析2015年6月至2018年12月首都医科大学附属北京世纪坛医院乳腺外科收治的年龄大于55岁的205例浸润性乳腺癌患者临床资料,对伴2型糖尿病组及同期对照组的临床特征进行分析。结果伴2型糖尿病组及对照组均为绝经后女性,伴2型糖尿病组平均年龄高于对照组。与对照组比较,伴2型糖尿病的乳腺癌患者临床分期晚,Ⅱ期患者比例高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。但分子分型及组织学分级差异均无统计学意义。结论伴有2型糖尿病组的乳腺癌患者,年龄偏大,临床分期偏晚,伴2型糖尿病是乳腺癌患者预后不良的危险因素。     

精神发育迟滞儿童父母抑郁及相关因素研究

目的:考察精神发育迟滞儿童父母的抑郁状况及其相关因素。方法:对157名精神发育迟滞儿童和青少年的父母采用应对策略问卷、照顾负担问卷、日常照料压力问卷、修订版家庭支持量表、一般自我效能感量表、罗森伯格自尊量表、流调中心用抑郁量表进行测评,对130名正常儿童父母采用流调中心用抑郁量表进行测评。结果:精神发育迟滞儿童及青少年父母的抑郁检出率为26.11%,其抑郁分数显著高于正常儿童父母。抑郁和照顾负担中的所有维度(时间负担、发展负担、身体负担、社会负担、情绪负担)都有显著正相关;抑郁和情绪中心解决策略倾向有显著正相关,和问题中心解决策略倾向有显著负相关;抑郁和家庭月收入有显著负相关;抑郁和日常照料压力有显著正相关,和自我效能及自尊有显著负相关。多元回归结果表明,对精神发育迟滞儿童及青少年父母抑郁总分贡献最大的因素是:照顾负担总分、问题中心应对策略、自尊和月收入。结论:精神发育迟滞儿童父母的抑郁水平显著高于正常儿童父母,照顾负担、应对策略、自尊水平和月收入与抑郁的形成有密切关联。     

老年DM2患者认知功能障碍与C型利钠肽的关系

目的:研究老年2型糖尿病(DM2)患者认知障碍与C型利钠肽(C-type natriuretic peptide,CNP)的关系,进一步探讨糖尿病认知障碍的发病机制.方法 80例60岁以上的DM2患者,根据蒙特利尔认知评估量表(Montreal Cognitive Assessment,MoCA)分为认知障碍组(31例...