23G玻璃体切除术及硅油辅助取出眼内巨大异物的临床观察

目的：研究23G微创玻璃体切除术及硅油辅助下取出眼内巨大异物的手术效果及并发症。

方法：回顾性分析2012-02/2015-03在长沙爱尔眼科医院接受治疗、需填充硅油的眼内巨大异物的患者12例12眼,其中男11例11眼,女1例1眼。术前视力光感～0.1,12眼术前均合并视网膜脱离。所有患者均接受23G微创玻璃体切除手术,在切除玻璃体和修复损伤的视网膜后,先行硅油填充,再扩大巩膜切口取出眼内巨大异物。术后6mo取硅油,部分患者联合人工晶状体植入。

结果：患者12眼眼内巨大异物均一次性取出,未出现再次跌落损伤视网膜现象,切口无视网膜脱出,不损伤角膜。术后视网膜均复位,未出现术后眼内炎。术后6mo硅油均顺利取出,视力均提高,脱盲率达67%,脱残率达到25%。

结论：23G微创玻璃体切除术及硅油辅助下取出眼内巨大异物是一种安全有效的方法。     

玻璃体切除术联合巩膜外环扎治疗脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离

目的：探讨玻璃体切除联术合巩膜外环扎治疗脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离的临床疗效。

方法：回顾性分析2014-01/2018-02在我院行玻璃体切除术联合巩膜外环扎治疗的脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离患者19例19眼,术后3～12mo行玻璃体腔硅油取出术。观察患者术后视网膜复位率、眼压、视力恢复及并发症情况。

结果：本组患者术后视网膜均复位,术后3mo患眼玻璃体腔硅油填充状态下眼压(16.09±3.58mmHg)、硅油取出术后6mo眼压(14.69±3.10mmHg)均高于术前(6.78±1.90mmHg)(均P<0.05)。硅油取出术后6mo,15眼患者视力较术前提高。术后无低眼压及眼球萎缩等并发症发生。

结论：玻璃体切除术联合巩膜外环扎治疗脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离是相对安全有效的,视网膜复位率高,术后并发症少,再次手术率低。     

改良微创23G联合20G三通道硅油取出的临床观察

目的：观察使用改良微创23G联合20G三通道硅油取出手术的疗效。

方法：回顾性研究,收集2018-03/2019-09在晶亮眼科医院住院的硅油眼患者32例32眼,行玻璃体切割常规三通道切口,做23G的灌注、照明及20G的10：00位抽吸切口,使用23G微创玻璃体切割仪联合改良的18G取硅油针头抽取硅油,检查手术后1d,1wk,1、3mo的BCVA、眼压、疼痛舒适度、硅油残留、脉络膜脱离、视网膜脱离等情况。

结果：所有32例患者手术顺利,手术过程中眼内压平稳,无波动。抽取硅油时间约10～15min,术中无并发症发生; 术后随访3mo,均未发现玻璃体积血、脉络膜脱离、视网膜再脱离。

结论：改良微创23G联合20G三通道硅油取出方法简单、安全、平稳、有效。     

中间型葡萄膜炎并发复杂性视网膜脱离的玻璃体手术治疗

目的:探讨中间型葡萄膜炎并发复杂性视网膜脱离的临床特征及玻璃体切除联合眼内填充术的治疗效果。方法:回顾性分析我院2000-01/2005-06收治的11例(共11眼)中间型葡萄膜炎并发复杂性视网膜脱离病例术前及术后详细的临床资料。所有患者均接受巩膜外环扎,玻璃体切除联合眼内填充术治疗,术中9眼行硅油充填,2眼填充长效惰性气体。术后随访12～66mo。结果:术后11眼均获视网膜良好复位及视力增进。随访期中有7眼于6～12mo取出硅油,硅油取出后2眼因周边部PVR或葡萄膜炎复发导致视网膜脱离复发,未取硅油的4眼(包括2只再手术眼)视网膜平伏。结论:中间型葡萄膜炎并发的复杂性视网膜脱离,尤其存在周边部纤维及血管膜的牵引时,玻璃体切除联合眼内填充术效果确切,周边部PVR和葡萄膜炎复发是术后限制视网膜复位的主要原因。     

预期眼硅油取出术后视网膜再脱离的危险因素

目的:探讨预期眼硅油取出术后视网膜再脱离的临床危险因素。方法:回顾性分析临床资料。入选病例(104例,105只眼)符合以下条件:因复杂的孔源性视网膜脱离、行玻璃体切割联合硅油填充术;硅油眼内填充期间视网膜复位良好;预期将硅油取出;手术由同一术者完成。结果:硅油取出术后平均随访310d,视网膜完全平复94只眼,再脱离11只眼,总复发率为10.4%。无晶状体眼术后视网膜脱离复发率为21.1%(8/38),明显高于有晶状体眼(包括人工晶状体眼)(4.5%)(OR5.69,P<0.05)。术后视网膜再脱离与术前巨大裂孔、增生性玻璃体视网膜病变(PVR)-C3级以上、有视网膜脱离手术失败史、高度近视等因素无显著相关性(Ps>0.05)。硅油取出前予以预防性360°光凝治疗的77只眼中4只眼(5.2%)再脱离,优于非光凝治疗组(OR0.16,P<0.05)。结论:无晶状体眼可能是硅油取出术后视网膜再脱离的危险因素;硅油取出前行预防性360°视网膜光凝治疗可有效防止再脱离。     

玻璃体切除术治疗急性视网膜坏死综合征

目的：评价玻璃体切除术治疗急性视网膜坏死综合征（ARNS）的疗效。方法：对6例（7眼）伴有视网膜裂孔或脱离的ARNS患者进行玻璃体切除术,采用三通道睫状体平坦部切口切除玻璃体、剥膜、松解性视网膜切开、硅油填充及眼内光凝。术后半年到9个月取出硅油。结果：5眼伴有视网膜脱离眼手术治疗后视网膜均获得满意复位,2眼在取出硅油后视网膜脱离复发。2眼存在视网膜裂孔眼术后无新裂孔及视网膜脱离发生,所有病例术后视力均有不同程度改善,最优者为0.1。结论：玻璃体切除术是治疗急性视网膜坏死综合征有效的方法,可明显改善其预后。     

急性视网膜坏死综合征的手术治疗

目的探讨双眼急性视网膜坏死综合征（ARNS）的手术时机、治疗方法及效果。方法回顾性分析9例双眼ARNS的诊治过程及预后。常规抗病毒联合糖皮质激素治疗,对病情未能控制者行玻璃体切除联合硅油充填术,后发眼早于首发眼手术干预。择期行硅油取出术。结果18眼中1眼药物治愈,1眼放弃治疗后全视网膜脱离,16眼行玻璃体切除联合硅油充填术。术后12眼视力较术前提高,双眼手术患者后发眼术后视力均好于首发眼;14眼视网膜平复,2眼周边部视网膜浅脱离。硅油充填术后3～12个月,16眼行硅油取出术,术中4眼出现局限性视网膜脱离,再次平复视网膜,术后视网膜复位良好。1眼在硅油取出后应用糖皮质激素导致病毒复发,给予抗病毒治疗后病情得到控制,随访期间未见复发。结论双眼ARNS后发眼应在早期进行手术干预,玻璃体切除术联合硅油充填可能是双眼ARNS手术治疗中最佳方案,治愈的ARNS应用糖皮质激素时应联合抗病毒治疗以防复发。     

改良硅油取出联合巩膜扣带术治疗硅油填充术后视网膜脱离

目的：探讨改良硅油取出联合巩膜扣带术治疗硅油填充状态下视网膜脱离的效果。

方法：回顾性研究。选取2021-01/2023-02于我院治疗的硅油填充状态下视网膜脱离的患者14例14眼,采用改良硅油取出联合巩膜扣带术进行治疗。硅油取出方法采用自制的23 G抽吸器,即将一次性输血器的针管取出,靠近乳头端剪至2.5-3.0 mm,另一端连接已去除推注手柄的10 mL注射器,注射器另一端连接玻璃体切割器的负压系统,进行硅油取出; 巩膜扣带术中外加压块采用外加压复合体; 术后未重新注入硅油。随访6 mo,观察术后视网膜复位、最佳矫正视力(BCVA)、眼压和并发症等情况。

结果：术后6 mo,视网膜完全复位13眼,视网膜复位率达93%,BCVA(LogMAR)较术前改善(0.95±0.18 vs 1.15±0.21,P=0.002)。术后1 d出现一过性高眼压6眼,药物控制后恢复正常。术中未见视网膜出血、嵌顿、医源性裂孔等并发症,术后未出现眼内炎、脉络膜脱离等并发症。

结论：改良硅油取出联合巩膜扣带术可以有效治疗硅油填充状态下视网膜脱离,促使视网膜再复位。     

硅油填充眼手法小切口与超声乳化白内障手术的并发症

目的：比较超声乳化联合硅油取出术与硅油填充眼手法小切口白内障手术(MSICS)的安全性。

方法：回顾性对比研究。162例患者162眼接受白内障手术,超声乳化联合硅油取出术与硅油填充眼手法小切口白内障手术均行玻璃体切除。

结果：超声乳化白内障手术组术后低眼压21眼(18.91%)MSICS组术后低眼压8眼(15.68%),两组间无明显统计学差异(P=0.666)。术后1mo两组间视网膜复位率无明显统计学意义; 超声乳化白内障手术组8例患者(7.2%)复发,硅油填充眼手法小切口白内障手术组9例(17.64%)复发,两组复发率比较,差异无统计学意义(P=0.055)。

结论：硅油填充眼手法小切口白内障手术相较于超声乳化联合硅取出术在低眼压、渗漏、脉络膜脱离、视网膜复位率方面结果无劣效性。     

眼后段异物摘出术后再手术的原因分析

目的 探讨眼后段异物摘出术后再手术的原因。方法 对52例(54眼)眼后段异物摘出术后再手术的病例进行回顾性分析。结果 36眼行内路法异物摘出,18眼行外路磁吸术摘出异物。术后23眼(42.59％)因视网膜脱离或增生性玻璃体视网膜病变而再手术。异物摘出术前11眼伴有视网膜脱离,术后9眼复发;术前5眼伴有眼内炎,术后4眼发生视网膜脱离;视力预后以视网膜脱离或增生性玻璃体视网膜病变及眼内炎最差,81.48％的视力<0.1。结论 视网膜脱离或增生性玻璃体视网膜病变是眼后段异物摘出术后再手术的主要原因,术前伴有视网膜脱离和眼内炎是术后发生视网膜脱离的危险因素。     

Retinal redetachment after removal of intraocular silicone oil tamponade

AIM: To evaluate frequency and risk factors of retinal redetachment after removal of intraocular silicone oil tamponade. METHODS: The study included 225 patients who consecutively underwent intraocular silicone oil removal at a mean interval of 10 months after pars plana vitrectomy had been performed by one of two surgeons. Mean follow up time was 17.37 (SD 14.40) months (range 3.02-67.42 months). RESULTS: In 57 of 225 (25.3%) patients, the retina detached after removal of silicone oil. Risk factors for retinal redetachment were the following: number of previously unsuccessful retinal detachment surgeries (p=0.0008); surgeon (p=0.007); visual acuity before silicone oil removal (p=0.009); incomplete removal of vitreous base (p=0.01); absence of an encircling band in eyes with proliferate vitreoretinopathy in which an inferior retinotomy had not been performed (p=0.01); and indication for pars plana vitrectomy. Rate of retinal redetachment was statistically (p>0.05) independent of the technique of silicone oil removal and duration of silicone oil endotamponade. CONCLUSION: Retinal redetachment after removal of silicone oil endotamponade can occur in approximately a fourth of patients, depending on the criteria to use and to remove silicone oil. Risk factors for recurrent detachment included the following: number of previously unsuccessful retinal detachment surgeries, surgeon, preoperative visual acuity, incomplete removal of the vitreous base, absence of an encircling band, and reason for pars plana vitrectomy. The rate of retinal redetachment is independent of the technique of silicone oil removal and duration of silicone oil endotamponade, with a minimal duration of silicone oil tamponade of about 3 months in the present study.     

双通道27G玻璃体切除术治疗硅油填充眼复发性视网膜脱离

目的:研究双通道27G玻璃体切除术在硅油填充状态下治疗复发性视网膜脱离的可行性及优缺点.方法:回顾性研究.7例硅油填充眼在随访时发现下方视网膜浅脱离.在硅油填充状态下行双通道27G玻璃体切除术.术中完成视网膜表面增殖膜剥离、视网膜下液抽吸,并在视网膜复位后行硅油下视网膜激光光凝术,根据患眼病情辅以巩膜外垫压或环扎.结果:术后所有患眼视网膜均成功复位,术中未发生严重并发症.所有患眼术后眼表反应轻且视力迅速恢复至术前水平.1眼在术后20d出现视网膜再脱离,经传统的硅油取出联合视网膜复位术成功复位视网膜.结论:双通道27G玻璃体切除术是一个治疗硅油填充眼早期视网膜再脱离的有效方法,可能具有更高的性价比.     

Transscleral diathermy: an additional tool in the management of retinal detachment due to posterior breaks in highly myopic eyes

PURPOSE: To investigate the usefulness of transscleral diathermy for the treatment of retinal detachment due to breaks located at the posterior pole in areas of advanced chorioretinal atrophy or staphyloma in highly myopic eyes. METHODS: We reviewed the charts of seven consecutive patients who were operated on between 1984 and 1994 and for whom transscleral diathermy was used during intraocular retinal reattachment surgery to reduce posterior staphyloma. Mean refraction of the seven eyes was -24 diopters (range -16 to -35 diopters). RESULTS: After surgery, which included diathermy, the retina was reattached in six eyes (86%) that also had undergone vitrectomy and silicone oil tamponade, but remained detached in one eye (14%) that had undergone pneumopexy and diathermy; in this eye, the retina was subsequently reattached after vitrectomy and silicone oil injection. Silicone oil was removed from all seven eyes after a mean duration of 2.5 months. During a mean follow-up of 3 years, a recurrent retinal detachment developed in one eye 8 months after silicone oil removal. This retina was reattached after reinjection of silicone oil. CONCLUSIONS: In the treatment of retinal detachment in highly myopic eyes, closure of posterior holes in areas of advanced chorioretinal atrophy or staphyloma can be achieved by transscleral diathermy in conjunction with vitrectomy and temporary silicone oil tamponade. The main benefit of transscleral diathermy results from its posterior pole scleral buckling effect due to shrinkage of the sclera.     

Management of recurrent retinal detachment in silicone oil-filled eyes

PURPOSE: To report causes of failure, management options, and outcomes after reoperations for recurrent retinal detachment in silicone oil-filled eyes. METHODS: One hundred eighteen silicone oil-filled eyes with recurrent retinal detachment were managed with revision of vitrectomy with membrane surgery with or without silicone oil removal, just scleral buckling, or both. Anatomical success was defined as complete reattachment of the retina, and functional success was defined as recovery of ambulatory visual acuity of >or=5/200 at the last follow-up (mean follow-up, 29.7 months). RESULTS: In 82.2% of the cases, proliferative vitreoretinopathy was responsible for recurrent retinal detachment in silicone oil-filled eyes. Reoperations without removal of the silicone oil were performed in 65.3% of the cases. Anatomical success occurred in 62.7% of the eyes, and functional success occurred in 52.5%. Silicone oil was removed in 59.5% of the eyes with retinal reattachment; the retina remained attached in 90.9% of the eyes. Predictors of poor anatomical success were presence of posterior diffuse proliferative vitreoretinopathy and combined posterior and anterior proliferative vitreoretinopathy (P <0.02). CONCLUSION: Reoperations for recurrent retinal detachment in silicone oil-filled eyes were successful in nearly two thirds of the cases, and over one half of the eyes recovered ambulatory vision.     

急性视网膜坏死综合征硅油填充术后硅油取出时机选择

目的观察急性视网膜坏死综合征(ARN)行玻璃体切除联合硅油填充术后硅油充填期间及硅油取出术后并发症,进而探讨硅油取出的适宜时机。方法对连续就诊的伴有视网膜脱离的48例(48只眼)ARN患者实施玻璃体切除视网膜复位联合硅油填充术,对于确认视网膜已经复位,没有活动性的增生病变及视网膜裂孔,并在视网膜变性区域补充激光光凝的所有患者经不同时长的硅油填充期后实施硅油取出术,回顾分析其硅油填充期间及硅油取出术后并发症如视网膜脱离、并发性白内障、继发性青光眼、角膜变性等的发生情况。结果硅油填充术后视力总体上较术前有明显提高;硅油填充时间为3~15个月,平均5.8个月。取出硅油之后,总体视力无明显改变;8例于取硅油术后随访期内发生视网膜再脱离;1例角膜变性的病例,在硅油取出之后无明显改变;5例并发性白内障取油时实施超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入术;6例发生脉络膜脱离经药物治疗后痊愈;24例在硅油取出之后晶状体混浊程度较硅油取出术前无明显改变;3例无晶状体眼患者取油术后裸眼视力下降,但最佳矫正视力同硅油取出术前。结论硅油填充及硅油取出术的并发症主要为视网膜再脱离、脉络膜脱离、并发性白内障、继发性青光眼、硅油乳化、角膜变性、低眼压等。对于ARN而言,硅油填充时限4~6月时取油术后视网膜再脱离的发生率较低,取油较为适宜。     

Risk factors for anatomical success and visual outcome in patients undergoing silicone oil removal

PURPOSE: To define risk factors for anatomical success and visual outcome in patients undergoing removal of silicone oil. METHODS: This retrospective study included patients who had silicone oil removed at this hospital between 1996 and 2000. All were followed for at least six months. Patients with recurrent retinal detachment after silicone oil removal were compared with patients without this complication. We also compared patients whose vision improved or stabilized with patients whose vision deteriorated. Risk factors for anatomical success and visual outcome were identified. RESULTS: We analysed 94 eyes of 92 patients with silicone oil removal. Nineteen eyes (20%) had recurrent retinal detachment, and in 30 eyes (32%), the vision deteriorated after removal of the oil. Initial vision less than ambulatory vision, initial pathology of giant retinal tears and recurrent retinal detachment, postoperative hypotony and postoperative epiretinal membrane occurred more frequently in eyes with than without recurrent retinal detachment. Pre- and postoperative hypotony, postoperative epiretinal membranes and postoperative recurrent retinal detachment were also more frequent in eyes with deteriorated vision. CONCLUSIONS: When treating giant retinal tears or recurrent retinal detachments with silicone oil tamponade, surgeons and their patients need to be aware of the higher possibility of unfavorable results, particularly when the initial vision is less than ambulatory vision. The presence of risk factors before and after silicone oil removal should remind surgeons of the higher risk profile of this particular surgery.     

Retinal detachment after silicone oil removal

PURPOSE: To evaluate the causes of retinal detachment after silicone oil removal, to define possible risk factors and the anatomical and functional prognosis of this complication. METHODS: 112 eyes that underwent silicone oil removal were included. The group of eyes with retinal detachment after oil removal (18/112 eyes, 16.1%) was compared with the group with no postoperative retinal detachment. RESULTS: The most common cause for retinal detachment after oil removal was anterior PVR (77.8%). Initial PVR detachment, advanced PVR stages, anterior PVR, more preceding operations, aphakia/pseudophakia, myopia and shorter duration of the oil tamponade were significantly more represented in the group of eyes with retinal detachment after oil removal. The prognosis of retinal detachment after oil removal is poor. CONCLUSION: Some criteria could be regarded as risk factors for retinal detachment after silicone oil removal. Improvement of the results should be possible by considering these factors and by control of reproliferations.     

Preservation of anterior capsule during vitrectomy and lensectomy for retinal detachment with proliferative vitreoretinopathy

PURPOSE: To report a series of 15 eyes with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) or at high risk for advanced PVR, which underwent pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and lensectomy (PPL) with preservation of the anterior capsule. DESIGN: Retrospective noncomparative case series. PARTICIPANTS: Fifteen consecutive patients with retinal detachment and varying degrees of PVR in one eye. METHODS: All eyes had undergone PPV and PPL with preservation and polishing of the anterior capsule and had at least 6 months of follow-up. Of the 15 eyes, grade C PVR was present preoperatively in 11 and was anterior in 5. Seven of 15 eyes had gas and 8 of 15 had silicone oil tamponade. Eight of 15 eyes had subsequent posterior chamber intraocular lens (PCIOL) placement; 5 eyes had simultaneous silicone oil removal. One eye had a PCIOL placed at the time of the PPL. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Visual acuity, retinal reattachment, complications of gas or silicone oil tamponade, and anterior capsular clarity. RESULTS: Fourteen eyes had complete retinal reattachment at the final visit (1 of 15 had macular redetachment only). Final visual acuity was better or equal to preoperative acuity in all eyes, improving by 4 +/- 4 lines overall. No eyes had corneal decompensation, pupillary block, or other vision-threatening anterior segment complication. The anterior capsule remained centrally clear in the 13 eyes that did not have a primary central capsulotomy. One eye with minimal preoperative PVR developed hypotony. CONCLUSIONS: Vitreoretinal surgeons can preserve the anterior capsule in eyes with retinal detachment and PVR to help prevent intraoperative and postoperative complications of gas or silicone oil, simplify future PCIOL placement, and maintain a normal iris appearance.     

The role of nystagmus in silicone oil emulsification after pars plana vitrectomy and silicone oil injection for complex retinal detachment

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether nystagmus has a role in silicone oil emulsification after pars plana vitrectomy and silicone oil injection for complex retinal detachment. METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted of the clinical and operative records of eight eyes with nystagmus that underwent pars plana vitrectomy and silicone oil injection for repair of retinal detachment associated with proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Three male (37.5%) and 5 female (62.5%) patients were included in this study. The mean age was 36.4 years (range, 19 to 54 years) and the mean follow-up time was 18.3 months (range, 5 to 49 months). RESULTS: Three eyes underwent combined lensectomy and vitrectomy. During the initial postoperative period, retinal attachment was obtained in 6 (75%) patients. Two of eight eyes required further surgery. Silicone oil emulsification occurred in all eyes to different degrees in the 1- to 3-month postoperative period. No inverse hypopyon was observed in any of patients. Three of eight eyes developed open angle glaucoma due to silicone oil emulsification before the silicone oil removal. In these patients, intraocular pressure was controlled successfully by medical therapy. Silicone oil removal was performed before the planned time because of early emulsification. After the removal of silicone oil, two of three eyes had established open angle glaucoma and medical therapy was maintained. After the removal of silicone oil, recurrent retinal detachment developed in two eyes and one of them developed phthisis bulbi. CONCLUSIONS: Silicone oil emulsification may develop earlier than expected in patients with nystagmus who underwent pars plana vitrectomy combined with silicone oil injection.