中草药中防晒剂的筛选研究

目的:筛选具有防晒性能的中草药。方法:分别用50%乙醇或水为提取溶剂,以超声波法提取102种中草药的醇或水提取液,测定各提取液在280~400 nm波长处的紫外(UV)吸光度,计算其在UV-B区(280、290、300、310、320 nm)和UV-A区(320、330、340、350、360、370、380、390、400 nm)的平均紫外线吸收率。结果:醇提取液在UV-A区紫外线吸收率在60%以上的中草药有3种(吴茱萸、黄连、番泻叶),在UV-B区有3种(菊花、丁香、大黄);水提取液在UV-A区紫外线吸收率在60%以上者无,在UV-B区有1种(丁香);花卉类药材提取液在测定的紫外区多数有较强吸收。结论:吴茱萸、黄连、番泻叶、丁香、菊花等具有较强的防晒作用。建立的方法可作为从中草药中初筛防晒剂的方法。     

47种中草药提取物的体外抗菌活性筛选研究

目的:测定47种中草药的80 %乙醇提取物的体外抗菌活性。方法:对大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌进行抗生素药敏试验;制备47种中草药醇提物,采用常规琼脂扩散法进行体外抑菌试验。结果:47种中草药的醇提物中有11种对大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌和白色念珠菌有不同程度的抑制活性;其中尤以赤芍和石榴皮的醇提物抗耐药菌活性最高,赤芍醇提物对上述3种菌特别是耐药菌的抑制活性均较高,其最低抑菌浓度(MIC)分别为1 3、1 1、1 8mg/ml;石榴皮醇提物对上述3种菌的抑制活性也较高,其MIC分别为8 3、3 6、2 3mg/ml。结论:赤芍和石榴皮醇提物呈现广谱抗菌特性,且具有抗耐药菌作用。     

Bioactive Components in Fish Venoms

Animal venoms are widely recognized excellent resources for the discovery of novel drug leads and physiological tools. Most are comprised of a large number of components, of which the enzymes, small peptides, and proteins are studied for their important bioactivities. However, in spite of there being over 2000 venomous fish species, piscine venoms have been relatively underrepresented in the literature thus far. Most studies have explored whole or partially fractioned venom, revealing broad pharmacology, which includes cardiovascular, neuromuscular, cytotoxic, inflammatory, and nociceptive activities. Several large proteinaceous toxins, such as stonustoxin, verrucotoxin, and Sp-CTx, have been isolated from scorpaenoid fish. These form pores in cell membranes, resulting in cell death and creating a cascade of reactions that result in many, but not all, of the physiological symptoms observed from envenomation. Additionally, Natterins, a novel family of toxins possessing kininogenase activity have been found in toadfish venom. A variety of smaller protein toxins, as well as a small number of peptides, enzymes, and non-proteinaceous molecules have also been isolated from a range of fish venoms, but most remain poorly characterized. Many other bioactive fish venom components remain to be discovered and investigated. These represent an untapped treasure of potentially useful molecules.     

Screening of Bioactive Peptides Using an Embryonic Stem Cell-Based Neurodifferentiation Assay

Differentiation of pluripotent stem cells, PSCs, towards neural lineages has attracted significant attention, given the potential use of such cells for in vitro studies and for regenerative medicine. The present experiments were designed to identify bioactive peptides which direct PSC differentiation towards neural cells. Fifteen peptides were designed based on NCAM, FGFR, and growth factors sequences. The effect of peptides was screened using a mouse embryonic stem cell line expressing luciferase dual reporter construct driven by promoters for neural tubulin and for elongation factor 1. Cell number was estimated by measuring total cellular DNA. We identified five peptides which enhanced activities of both promoters without relevant changes in cell number. We selected the two most potent peptides for further analysis: the NCAM-derived mimetic FGL_L and the synthetic NCAM ligand, Plannexin. Both compounds induced phenotypic neuronal differentiation, as evidenced by increased neurite outgrowth. In summary, we used a simple, but sensitive screening approach to identify the neurogenic peptides. These peptides will not only provide new clues concerning pathways of neurogenesis, but they may also be interesting biotechnology tools for in vitro generation of neurons.     

HepG2细胞胰岛素抵抗模型的建立及在筛选桑叶有效部位中的应用

目的体外建立HepG2细胞胰岛素抵抗模型,并用于筛选桑叶防治胰岛素抵抗活性的有效部位。方法采用高浓度胰岛素诱导HepG2细胞建立肝胰岛素抵抗模型,研究桑叶有效部位对胰岛素抵抗模型细胞葡萄糖消耗的影响。结果将HepG2细胞置于10 μg·mL－1胰岛素中48 h,HepG2细胞对胰岛素的抵抗作用最明显,其特性可维持48 h。桑叶水提部位能促进HepG2胰岛素抵抗模型的葡萄糖消耗。结论高胰岛素诱导培养法可以复制出稳定可靠的肝胰岛素抵抗细胞模型。桑叶水提物、多糖、黄酮均可以促进葡萄糖的吸收。     

HPLC快速筛查抗风湿类中成药及保健品中非法添加的10种化学药

目的 建立中成药、保健食品中非法添加的10种抗风湿类化学成分的快速测定方法。 方法 采用高效液相色谱法进行初步筛查。色谱柱：Diamonsil C₁₈(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm),流动相：乙腈-0.02 mol·L^-1醋酸铵溶液,梯度洗脱;流速：1.0 mL·min^-1,检测波长：240 nm。 结果 10种化学药得到了完全分离,检出限<2 ng。 结论 本方法操作简单、快速,灵敏度高,能满足快速筛查抗风湿类中成药及保健品中非法添加化学药的需要。     

细胞膜仿生亲和识别技术在中药活性成分筛选中的应用研究进展

由于中药化学成分的复杂性以及作用机制的不明确性,采用合适的方法对中药活性成分进行筛选,以及对药效物质基础进行解析是中药研究需要面对的关键挑战。近年来,基于天然细胞膜靶向特异性的仿生亲和识别系统已被证明是筛选中药活性化合物的有效方法。该技术可在体外实现药物体内过程的模拟,在复杂体系分析中具有独特优势,作为一种新兴技术在药物发现领域具有潜在应用前景。综述了基于细胞膜的亲和识别策略在高效发现中药生物活性化合物方面的研究进展,并对其面临的挑战和未来发展方向进行了探讨,以期为该技术的进一步改善与应用提供思路与参考。     

麝香保心丸中九种有效成分的含量测定

目的 建立同时涵盖麝香保心丸中5味药材9种成分的多成分含量测定方法,以全面评价麝香保心丸的质量.方法 采用高效液相色谱串联二极管阵列检测器和蒸发光散射检测器(HPLC-DAD-ELSD)联用的方法对麝香保心丸中9种主要成分,包括日蟾蜍它灵,华蟾酥毒基,桂皮酸,桂皮醛,人参皂苷Rb1,人参皂苷Rb2,胆酸,胆红素和苯甲酸苄酯,进行多成分含量测定研究.结果 该方法有较好的线性范围,精密度,重复性及回收率.通过对10个不同批次的麝香保心丸样品采用HPLC-DAD-ELSD联用分析发现,挥发性成分桂皮醛在不同批次间的差异较大,而胆红素的批次差异最小.结论 该研究为复方麝香保心丸全面的质量控制提供了可靠的方法.     

利用组合筛选模型筛选海洋微生物抗肿瘤活性物质

建立了镰刀菌筛选模型并进行了验证，将镰刀菌筛选模型与肿瘤细胞毒筛模型组合。应用于海洋微生物抗肿瘤活性物质的筛选，从1585株海洋微生物中筛选到12株微生物，其发醇产物对体外培养的肿瘤细胞有较好的抑制作用。其中活性最强的细菌菌株为QK1-2708，其发酵产物对CNE，SMMC-7721和P388细胞的ID50分别是3520，3078，5061。     

Canadian Pharmacy Students' Knowledge of Herbal Medicine

Objective

To determine fourth-year Canadian pharmacy students'' knowledge of herbal medicine and whether that knowledge is associated with mandatory instruction in herbal medicine.

Methods

Standardized multiple-choice tests assessing students'' herbal knowledge were distributed to all fourth-year BSc pharmacy students at 5 pharmacy schools in Canada.

Results

The Quebec response rate was too low to include in the analysis. Herbal knowledge test scores were positively associated with having previously taken an herbal medicine class and completion of a pharmacy practicum. However, postsecondary education, age, and gender were not associated with herbal knowledge test scores. Students at the University of British Columbia had the highest score, followed by Alberta, Nova Scotia, and Ontario.

Conclusion

Pharmacy students'' knowledge of herbal medicine varies depending on the school attended and higher herbal knowledge test scores appear to be most closely related to mandatory herbal instruction.     

执行《中国药典》2010年版中药材与饮片标准所遇到的问题及建议

《中国药典》作为国家监督管理药品质量的法定技术标准,是药品生产、经营、管理和检验的法定依据。《中国药典》2010年版已实施三年多了,对保证药品质量,规范药品标准起到了重要作用。笔者在日常检验中,发现中药材和饮片有些质量标准的制定不尽合理,有些标准的制定尚未考虑人力、物力及操作可行性。就以下问题谈几点商榷意见和建议,供再版时参考。     

超临界CO_2萃取在中药提取分离中的应用

本文综述了超临界CO2萃取技术在中草药不同成分提取分离中的应用。     

Inhibitors of Tubulin Assembly Identified through Screening a Compound Library

Tubulin is the proposed target for drugs against cancer and helminths and is also a validated target in kinetoplastid parasites. With the aim of identifying new lead compounds against Leishmania sp., tubulin isolated from L. tarentolae was used to screen a 10 000 compound library. One compound, Chembridge No. 7992831 ( 5 ), displayed an IC₅₀ of 13 μm against Leishmania tubulin in an in vitro assembly assay and showed a greater than threefold selectivity over mammalian tubulin. Another compound, Chembridge No. 9067250 ( 8 ), exhibited good activity against mammalian tubulin (IC₅₀ = 5.0 μm ). This compound was also toxic to several cancer cell lines with IC₅₀ values in the region of 1 μm . Subsequent testing of analogues of 8 contained within the library identified two compounds with greater potency against mammalian tubulin (IC₅₀ values of 1.1 and 2.8 μm ). The more potent antitubulin agent also showed promising activity against cancer cell lines in vitro, with IC₅₀ values ranging from 0.18 to 0.73 μm .     

关于我国中药材生产基地与中药材生产的思考

目的介绍中药材基地建设取得的成就,分析GAP实施过程中存在的共性问题,提出对策及建议。方法对基地近几年实施GAP的过程进行剖析。结果在药材种植过程中采用GAP标准,能够保证质量安全、有效、稳定、可控,达到绿色药材的要求。实施GAP过程中的问题如不得到及时解决,就会影响中药材产业的发展。结论解决GAP实施过程中存在的问题,需要政府、企业、社会各方面的共同努力。     

中药体外抗衣原体的研究进展

衣原体是一类真核细胞内寄生的原核细胞型微生物,感染人体可引起沙眼、结膜炎、泌尿生殖道及呼吸道炎症等相关疾病,且与动脉粥样硬化、冠心病和高脂血症等也有不同程度相关性。由于衣原体自身发育的特点与抗生素的滥用等,近年来衣原体耐药现象也相继增多。中药作为有效的抗菌药物,对衣原体感染的抑制及与衣原体感染有关的相关疾病和症状的改善有明显作用。现就单味中药、中药组方、中药提取物在体外抗衣原体的研究进展进行综述。     

中药多糖抗肿瘤机制研究进展

本文从中药多糖增强机体免疫功能和对肿瘤细胞的直接作用两方面将近年来中药多糖抗肿瘤机制研究进展作一综述。     

几味常用中药材非药用部位或混淆品入药现象分析

目的:防止中药材非药用部位或混淆品入药。方法:对钩藤、远志、蝉蜕、茜草、皂荚刺的正伪品性状、理化性状及药效进行鉴别。结果:非药用部位的药效差于正品或者药效相反,混淆品一般无药用价值甚至有毒副作用。结论:非药用部位或混淆品入药会严重影响中药的药效,甚至危害患者。     

贝母类药材资源分布及性状特点研究

目的:了解贝母类中药材的资源分布和性状特点,保证临床用药的安全性。方法:结合主流贝母类商品药材,对贝母类中药材从基原、分布和性状特点等方面进行研究。结果与结论:不同的贝母类药材资源呈现垂直分布特点,药材性状存在差异;贝母类药材种植应考虑其生态适应性。     

活性初乳素对吸臭氧小鼠的抗衰老作用

小鼠吸臭氧以后,使机体的助氧化-抗氧化系统平衡失调,引起了体温、体重和体力下降,免疫器官萎缩与自由基代谢有关的酶(MAO-B、MDA)活性改变,产生了一系列衰老现象,服用了活性初乳素以后,明显改善上述症状,达到抗衰老目的。     

抗痛风中草药的研究进展

随着社会发展和人类生活水平的提高,痛风疾病的发病率不断增加并且还伴着发病年龄出现低龄化趋势。痛风是一种以高尿酸血症导致尿酸钠晶体在关节及其周围组织沉积为特征的嘌呤代谢性疾病。在西药上常用来抗痛风的药物有秋水仙碱、非甾体类抗炎药、促肾上腺皮质激素、糖皮质激素等。近年来抗痛风药物中草药的研究也取得很大进步,本文就有关抗痛风中草药的研究进行综述。