MDR1基因多态性对替米沙坦血药浓度和药动力学影响研究

目的:探讨健康志愿者和高血压患者的多药耐药基因(Multidrug resistance 1 gene,MDR1) C3435T基因多态性对替米沙坦血药浓度和药动学的影响.方法:采用聚合酶链反应(Polymerase chain reaction,PCR)和限制性内切片段多态性(Restriction fragment length polymorphism,RFLP)的方法对19名健康志愿者和61例高血压患者进行MDR1基因分型;使用HPLC-MS法测定志愿者单剂量口服40 mg替米沙坦48 h内血药浓度和高血压患者的稳态血药浓度.比较替米沙坦在不同基因型的健康志愿者单剂量药动学及高血压患者稳态血药浓度的差异.结果:在61例高血压患者中,MDRlCC型纯合子频率39.34％,TT型纯合子频率11.48％,CT型杂合子频率49.18％,C3435T发生率在健康人群和高血压患者之间没有明显的差异,C3435T的三个不同基因型志愿者Cmax、tmax、t1/2、AUC0-48、AUC0-∞和CL差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).三个基因型高血压患者的稳态血药浓度差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:MDR1C3435T基因多态性对替米沙坦的血药浓度和药动学无影响.     

MDR1基因C3435T多态性对替米沙坦血药浓度与药动学的影响

目的：探讨健康志愿者和高血压患者的多药耐药基因26（exon26）C3435T基因多态性对替米沙坦的血药浓度和药动学的影响。方法：采用聚合酶链反应（PCR）和限制性内切片段多态性（RFLP）的方法对19例健康志愿者和66例高血压患者进行MDR1基因分型。使用HPLC-MS法测定健康志愿者单剂量口服40mg替米沙坦48h内血药浓度和高血压患者的稳态血药浓度。比较不同基因型之间替米沙坦在健康志愿者的药物动力学的差异,和高血压患者的稳态血药浓度差异。结果：C3435T发生率在健康人群和高血压患者之间没有明显的差异,C3435T的3个不同基因型健康志愿者的Cmax,tmax,AUC0-48,AUC0-∞,CL差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。3个基因型的高血压患者的稳态血药浓度差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：MDR1C3435T基因多态性对替米沙坦的血药浓度和药动学无影响。     

111例心衰患者的 MDR1 和CYP3A 基因多态性与地高辛血药浓度的相关性研究

目的：观察中国贵州地区汉族心衰患者中MDR1C3435T、CYP3A4＊18B和CYP3A5＊3等位基因多态性对地高辛血药浓度的影响。方法：收集111名中国贵州地区汉族心衰患者的血样与地高辛治疗药物浓度监测（TDM）数据,通过PCR-RFLP法分析患者的MDR1C3435T、CYP3A4＊18B及CYP3A5＊3基因型,分析每个基因的多态性对地高辛血药浓度的影响。结果：70岁以上患者MDR1各基因型组中,野生纯合子（CC）组、突变杂合子（CT）组、突变纯合子（TT）组的地高辛血药浓度依次增高。CC组和CT组较TT组的地高辛血药浓度差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;CYP3A4和CYP3A5各基因型组之间的地高辛血药浓度差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：MDR1C3435T等位基因突变可使地高辛血药浓度提高;而CYP3A4＊18B和CYP3A5＊3等位基因突变对地高辛的血药浓度无明显影响。     

MDR1C3435T基因多态性对辛伐他汀稳态血药浓度及降脂疗效的影响

目的：研究高脂血症患者MDR1C3435T基因分布及其基因多态性对辛伐他汀稳态血药浓度及降脂疗效的影响。方法：115名高脂血症患者均给予每天20 mg的辛伐他汀治疗4周,在给药前及给药4周后取血样,采用PCR-RFLP（聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性分析）基因检测技术对MDR1C3435T等位基因进行分析,应用全自动生化分析仪和高效液相色谱仪分别测定血脂及辛伐他汀稳态血药浓度。结果：115名高脂血症患者MDR1C3435T基因型分布符合Hardy-Weinberg遗传平衡（P>0.05）,MDR1C3435T等位基因突变率为40.87％。野生纯合子基因（CC）型组、突变杂合子（CT）型组、突变纯合子（TT）型组之间辛伐他汀稳态血药浓度及降脂疗效无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论：未发现MDR1C3435T基因多态性对辛伐他汀稳态血药浓度及降脂疗效有明显影响。     

肾移植患者MDR1C3435T基因多态性对他克莫司血药浓度/剂量比及疗效的影响

目的研究肾移植术后患者MDR1C3435T基因多态性对他克莫司（FK506）血药浓度／剂量比（C／D）及急性排斥反应和不良反应的影响。方法采用聚合酶链反应（PCR）和限制性内切片段长度多态性（RFLP）的方法检测肾移植患者MDR1C3435T基因型,比较不同基因型患者之间FK506的C／D值以及急性排斥反应、不良反应的差异。结果MDR1C3435T各基因型组间FK506的C／D值及急性排斥反应、不良反应均无显著性差异。结论MDR1C3435T基因多态性与肾移植患者FK506的C／D值及急性排斥反应、不良反应间无显著相关性。     

细胞色素 P4503 A4与 P4503 A5及多药耐药基因多态性对氨氯地平降压疗效影响研究

目的：探讨细胞色素 P450（ CYP）3A4倡1G、CYP3A5倡3及多药耐药（MDR1） C1236T、MDR1 G2677T／A和MDR1 C3435T基因多态性对氨氯地平降压疗效的影响。方法纳入159名原发性高血压患者,予氨氯地平5 mg· d－1干预4周,检测相关基因型,分析不同个体CYP3A4、3A5及MDR1相关基因型分布特征,考察不同单核苷酸多态性（ SNP）及MDR1单倍体对氨氯地平降压疗效的影响。结果 CYP3A4倡1G倡1G 基因型舒张压（ DBP）下降幅度显著低于CYP3A4倡1G倡1和CYP3A4倡1倡1（P＜0.05）;CYP3A5倡3倡3基因型DBP下降幅度显著高于CYP3A5倡1倡3和CYP3A5倡1倡1（P＜0.05）;MDR1 C1236T CC、MDR1 G2677T／A AA基因型收缩压（SBP）下降幅度显著高于其他基因型（P＜0.05）;MDR1 C3435T各基因型治疗前后SBP、DBP下降幅度差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。携带MDR1 C3435T CC、MDR1 C3435T CT基因型的患者的DBP下降幅度,女性显著高于男性（ P＜0.05）。对MDR1单倍体分析,各组单倍体治疗前后 SBP、DBP 下降幅度差异均无统计学意义（ P ＞0.05）。结论CYP3A5倡3、CYP3A4倡1G基因多态性可影响氨氯地平降压疗效,MDR1各单倍体未发现与氨氯地平降压疗效相关。     

多药耐药基因多态性和单倍体对肾移植患者他克莫司血药浓度的影响

目的 研究多药耐药基因(MDR1)单核苷酸多态性及单倍体对中国汉族肾脏移植人群术后稳定期与他克莫司(免疫抑制剂)血药浓度的关系.方法 用基质辅助激光吸收电离子化-飞行时间质谱技术,分析63例肾移植患者的MDR1 exon12 C1236T、exon 21 G2677T/A、exon 26 C3435T的基因型,结合其口服他克莫司12 h后血药浓度,判断两者是否存在关联.结果 MDR1 C3435T基因多态性与他克莫司血药浓度/(剂量×体表面积)具有相关性,比值由小到大顺序:野生型纯合子＜杂合子＜突变型纯合子,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).MDR1 C1236T、G2677T/A及单倍体型各组之间比较均无明显差异.结论 中国汉族肾移植患者稳定期,MDR1 C3435T与他克莫司血药浓度的个体差异具有相关性.     

ABCB1、CYP2B6基因多态性对丙泊酚血药浓度的影响

摘要：目的:探讨药物转运体ABCB1 C3435T与药物代谢酶CYP2B6 G516T基因多态性对丙泊酚血药浓度的影响,为丙泊酚临床个体化给药提供实验室数据。方法:采用荧光染色原位杂交法（FISH）,进行ABCB1 C3435T和CYP2B6 G516T基因多态性检测,用高效液相-荧光法检测血药浓度。根据不同基因型患者使用丙泊酚麻醉后30,60 min给药总量,比较基因多态性与丙泊酚标准化血药浓度的关系。结果:丙泊酚持续给药30 min时,ABCB1 C3435T三种基因型患者给药总量和标准血药浓度比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;丙泊酚持续给药60 min时,ABCB1不同基因型患者给药总量有明显差异（P<0.05）,ABCB1 C3435T野生纯合子CC基因型患者给药总量高于变异型（CT/TT）患者。给药60 min时,4组患者给药总量差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。不同CYP2B6 G516T基因型患者在丙泊酚持续给药30 min和60 min时,给药总量和标准血药浓度无相关性。结论:ABCB1 C3435T基因多态性对丙泊酚血药浓度有影响,野生型患者为达到相同的血药浓度需要提高给药剂量。     

ABCB1 3435C>T基因多态性对急性淋巴细胞白血病患儿大剂量甲氨蝶呤血药浓度及不良反应的影响

摘 要 目的：研究急性淋巴细胞白血病（ALL）患儿多药耐药基因1（ABCB1）基因多态性与使用大剂量甲氨蝶呤（MTX）化疗期间的血药浓度及不良反应的关系。方法: 70例ALL患儿外周血,提取DNA,采用PCR技术和直接测序的方法分析ABCB1基因的基因型;采用酶放大免疫法（EMIT）测定MTX给药后48h的血药浓度;2.华中科技大学同济医学院同济医院药学部,统计不良反应相关信息。分析ABCB1基因多态性与MTX血药浓度及不良反应的关系。结果: ABCB1 C3435T位点存在多态性,ABCB1 C3435T位点患儿CC、CT和TT基因型的分布频率分别为31.43%,47.14%,21.43%。ABCB1 C3435T位点各基因型MTX 48h C/D值由低到高依次为CC型患儿、CT型患儿、TT型患儿,其中TT型与CC型之间差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。ABCB1 C3435T位点不同基因型患者中,口腔黏膜损害、肝脏损害发生率差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论:ABCB1 C3435T位点基因多态性与ALL患儿大剂量MTX化疗后的血药浓度及不良反应（口腔黏膜炎、肝脏损害）有关。     

MDR1 C3435T基因多态性与胃溃疡患者治疗相关性分析

目的 分析MDR1 C3435T基因多态性与胃溃疡患者治疗的相关性.方法 回顾性分析2010年10月至2015年10月来我院就诊的胃溃疡患者共80名,其中Hp阳性患者47例,另选取80例健康体检者作为对照组,测定两组入选对象MDR1 C3435T基因多态性,比较不同基因型胃溃疡患者治疗后Hp阳性率和耐药率.结果 观察组(Hp阳性)患者3435TT基因型频率和T等位基因频率均明显高于观察组(Hp阴性)和对照组(P＜0.05);观察组(Hp阴性)患者3435TT基因型频率和T等位基因频率亦均明显高于对照组(P＜0.05).治疗后3435TT基因型患者Hp阳性率和耐药率均明显高于C3435T和CC3435基因型患者(P＜0.05).结论 MDR1 C3435T基因多态性与胃溃疡患者的治疗具有相关性,3435TT基因型患者较难根除Hp,耐药性较强.     

MDR1基因C3435T多态性对重症肌无力患者环孢素血药浓度的影响

目的 :研究MDR1基因C3435T多态性与重症肌无力患者环孢素药物动力学的关系。方法 :采用荧光PCR的方法检测 96名重症肌无力 (MG)患者MDR1C3435T基因型 ,其中临床资料较全的 73名 ,对其环孢素用药的血药检测结果与基因型结果分析。结果 :重症肌无力患者MDR1C3435T的分布频率接近 1:1;野生型 3435CC患者的环孢素全血谷浓度高于杂合型和突变型 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,杂合型与突变型之间无明显差异。结论 :药物遗传学研究对环孢素治疗重症肌无力患者的临床合理用药有指导意义。     

MDR1基因多态性与美罗培南血药浓度及临床疗效的相关性研究

目的 考察多药耐药基因1(MDR1)的基因多态性在中国南方人群中的分布,明确其对美罗培南稳态血药浓度的影响及临床疗效的相关性。方法 纳入101例美罗培南治疗的患者,用高效液相色谱法测定美罗培南稳态血药浓度,聚合酶链式反应(PCR)和DNA测序技术检测基因分型。比较MDR1 C3435T(rs1045642)不同基因型对美罗培南稳态血药浓度及临床疗效的影响。结果 101例患者中,浓度达到5~20μg/mL的比例为34.9%,5~10μg/mL与10~20μg/mL浓度范围美罗培南的临床有效率(83.3%, 91.7%)显著高于5μg/mL以下浓度范围(44%)(P<0.05),同时5~10μg/mL与10~20μg/mL浓度范围美罗培南的临床有效率无显著差异(P＞0.05)。MDR1 C3435T突变型和野生型患者的美罗培南浓度、浓度/剂量比及临床疗效无显著差异(P＞0.05)。结论 MDR1 C3435T基因突变可能与患者美罗培南稳态血药浓度及临床疗效无关。     

MDR1基因多态性对口服环孢素A药代动力学的影响

目的非线性混合效应模型(NONMEM)考察中国健康人多药耐药基因(MDR1)中26外显子的C3435T多态性与环孢素A (CsA)药代动力学特性间的关系。方法HPLC法测定20名健康男性单次口服CsA微乳溶液制剂500 mg后24 h内不同时间点的药物浓度。MDR1的基因多态性测定采用DNA限制性片段长度多态性法，并用基因测序法验证。数据处理与模型拟合采用NONMEM法。结果中国健康人中含MDR1 C3435T CC或CT型的相对生物利用度较TT型高40%。结论MDR1中C3435T多态性是个体间CsA相对生物利用度差异的影响因素。     

多药耐药基因1 C3435T多态性与急性淋巴细胞白血病患儿甲氨蝶呤血清浓度的关系

目的考察多药耐药基因1(MDR1)C3435T多态性与急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)患儿甲氨蝶呤(MTX)血清浓度及化疗毒性的相关性。方法收集100例ALL患儿外周血,提取基因组DNA;用PCR-RFLP法,检测MDR1 C3435T基因型;用荧光偏振免疫法(FPIA),测定MTX血清浓度,同时观察化疗的疗效和毒性。结果 CC、CT和TT基因型的分布频率分别为33%,53%,14%;C和T等位基因的分布频率分别为59.5%和40.5%。肝功能异常ALL患儿,其24,42h MTX剂量校正的血清浓度(C/D比值)高于肝功能正常者;携带野生基因型(CC)ALL患儿的24,42 h MTX C/D比值高于突变基因型(CT+TT)携带者;携带野生基因型ALL患儿的未缓解、化疗毒性和排泄延迟发生率,高于突变基因型携带者。由于个体间的变异大,上述差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论多种因素影响MTX的药代与药效,MDR1 C3435T多态性与ALL患儿的MTX血清浓度和化疗毒性无显著相关关系。     

Digoxin pharmacokinetics and MDR1 genetic polymorphisms

BACKGROUND: The effect of MDR1 C3435T single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in exon 26 on digoxin pharmacokinetics has recently been challenged. OBJECTIVE. To clarify the relationships between MDR1 genetic polymorphisms in exon 26 (C3435T) and 21 (G2677T/A) and digoxin pharmacokinetics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MDR1 genotypes for C3435T and G2677T/A SNPs were determined in 32 healthy subjects whose single oral dose digoxin pharmacokinetics had been measured over 48 h. RESULTS: A significant relationship was observed between C3435T SNP and digoxin AUCs ( p<0,05). Homozygous TT subjects had 20% higher digoxin plasma concentrations than CT and CC subjects and a trend for higher 48 h digoxin urinary recoveries (TT>CT>CC). Similar results, although not statistically significant, were observed from the MDR1 G2677T/A SNP. CONCLUSIONS: Our results confirm that the MDR1 C3435T single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) significantly affects digoxin disposition kinetics, with homozygous TT subjects presenting the highest plasma concentrations.     

Allele and genotype frequency of MDR1 C3435T in Tamilian population

The allele and genotype frequencies of MDR1 C3435T polymorphism were determined in 185 unrelated healthy Tamilians. The genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral leucocytes using phenol chloroform method and genotyped by PCR-RFLP method. The frequencies of MDR1 C3435 and T3435 alleles in Tamilian population were 0.46 and 0.54 respectively. The distribution of T3435 in this population was found to be greater than Africans and almost similar to Caucasians and Orientals. The distribution of CC, CT and TT genotypes was 0.18, 0.56 and 0.26 respectively. The frequency distribution of the CC genotype was lower in them when compared with Chinese and Africans whereas CT genotype was higher in comparison with all the major ethnic groups.     

Distribution of allelic variants of functional C3435T polymorphism of drug transporter MDR1 gene in a sample of Polish population

P-glycoprotein (P-gp), the protein product of MDR1 gene, is an important factor regulating the bioavailability of many therapeutics. Recently, the C3435T polymorphism of MDR1 was correlated to altered expression and function of P-gp in normal tissues. In this study, polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay was applied to assess C3435T MDR1 polymorphism in 122 healthy individuals of Slavic origin from the population of central Poland (Lód? and surrounding areas). The detected genotype variant frequencies were as follows: CC in 42%, CT in 41%, and TT in 17% of the tested subjects (C-allele frequency was 0.62). The frequency of the C-allele is similar to Japanese population and significantly higher than in Caucasians from Western Europe. The results of this study give basis for large-scale C3435T MDR1 genotype-phenotype correlation investigations in Polish population that may be useful to individualize therapy of cancer, HIV-1 infection and some other diseases.     

The effect of CYP3A5 and MDR1 polymorphic expression on cyclosporine oral disposition in renal transplant patients

Variability in CYP3A (CYP3A4/5) and P-glycoprotein (human MDR1 gene product) activity underlies interindividual differences in oral cyclosporine (CsA) bioavailability. Racial differences in polymorphic expression of CYP3A5 and MDR1 may explain observed interracial variability in oral bioavailability. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of CYP3A5 and MDR1 polymorphic expression on CsA oral disposition. Steady-state plasma concentration profiles (n = 19) were sampled in renal transplant recipients receiving concentration-adjusted CsA maintenance therapy. CsA plasma concentrations were measured by fluorescence polarization immunoassay. CYP3A5 and MDR1 genotypes were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Noncompartmental pharmacokinetic analysis and nonlinear mixed-effects modeling (NONMEM) were performed to assess the effect of genotype on CsA pharmacokinetics. MDR1 C3435T genotype was identified as the best predictor of CsA systemic exposure. CsA oral clearance was significantly higher in subjects who carried at least one 3435T allele compared to homozygous wild-type individuals (40.0 +/- 2.2 vs. 26.4 +/- 3.1 L/h, p = 0.007). MDR1 C3435T genotype accounted for 43% of the interindividual variability of CsA oral clearance in the study population after accounting for interoccasion variability. The authors were unable to independently assess whether CYP3A5 correlated with any CsA pharmacokinetic parameter since all CYP3A5 nonexpressors were also 3435T allele carriers. MDR1 3435T allele carriers have enhanced oral clearance compared to individuals with the CC genotype. The frequency of the 3435T allele is lower in African Americans compared to Caucasians. Thus, the MDR1 C3435T genotype offers a potential mechanistic basis to explain interracial differences in CsA oral bioavailability. Further studies are needed to explore the relationship between CYP3A5 and MDR1 genotype and phenotype.