北京市昌平区儿童青少年超重和肥胖流行状况

目的 阐明北京市昌平区儿童青少年超重肥胖的流行状况。方法 2007年5—10月采取分层整群随机抽样,对北京市昌平区4247名7～18岁中小学生进行调查。测量指标包括身高、体重、收缩压、舒张压等。使用SPSS 11．5进行统计学处理,各组率的比较,采用x^2检验。结果 ①共4247名中小学生参加调查,其中女生2090名,男生2157名,超重肥胖572名;②儿童青少年超重肥胖患病率13．47％;③超重肥胖儿童青少年的高血压与体重正常高血压患病率分别为23．7％和6．3％,患病率差异有统计学意义（x^2=39．89,P〈0．01）。结论 儿童青少年患有超重肥胖率较高,有必要对超重肥胖儿童青少年控制体重,减少高血压的患病率。     

儿童青少年超重肥胖现状及成因研究

儿童超重肥胖患病率增加及其产生的严重不良后果已成为世界范围内重要的健康问题,日益受到医学界的广泛关住.儿童青少年超重肥胖症状如不加以控制会持续到成年阶段,增加心血管、代谢系统疾病的风险.本文就近年来儿童青少年超重肥胖现状及成因进行综述,为更有效地预防控制儿童青少年超重肥胖现象提供参考.     

儿童青少年肥胖超重状况及影响因素分析

近年来,儿童青少年超重、肥胖发生率呈逐年增高趋势。超重、肥胖不仅对儿童青少年的生理健康带来负面影响,也造成学生自卑等不良心理影响,已成为亟需解决的公共卫生问题⁽¹⁾。上海市作为经济发达地区,儿童青少年超重肥胖发生率持续走高。为了解目前上海市部分地区学龄儿童超重、肥胖发生率,于2007年底对上海市普陀区、杨浦区和南汇区儿童青少年超重肥胖现况进行问卷调查,并对其相关因素进行分析,为制定防制对策提供理论依据,以便进行有效干预,促进儿童青少年健康发展。     

针对超重和肥胖儿童青少年进行的健康教育

近年来 ,儿童青少年超重和肥胖的发生率在全球都呈现上升趋势[1] ,统计资料显示 ,在许多国家 ,近 1 0年来儿童肥胖症的发病率升高了 5 0 %以上。现已证实 ,儿童肥胖 ,尤其是青春期肥胖者 80 %将会延续为成人肥胖[2 ] ,而成人肥胖与成年期疾病 ,如高血压、冠心病、脑卒中、糖尿病等有着密切的关系。在美国 ,有研究指出 ,儿童青少年中普遍存在与饮食相关的心血管病的危险因素 ,例如高胆固醇血症、高血压及体重超重。与同龄人相比 ,这些儿童青少年到其成年期后 ,患心血管疾病的危险性往往更高。不良饮食行为和不恰当体育活动至少导致美国每年有…     

体感游戏在超重及肥胖儿童青少年中的应用

超重及肥胖儿童青少年人群体力活动不足,屏幕类电子游戏时间延长,久坐不动背景下,体感游戏作为一种新型电子游戏,对于提高运动能力,改善身体素质具有积极作用。本研究综述了体感游戏的概念、使用优势以及在超重及肥胖儿童青少年群体中能量消耗、身体成分、肌肉健康及运动能力等方面应用现状,以期为体感游戏相关研究的开展,提高该群体运动水平及健康管理提供参考。     

中国6~17岁儿童青少年超重肥胖流行特征

目的 分析我国6~17岁儿童青少年超重肥胖流行情况,为制定肥胖防治策略提供科学依据。方法 利用"2010-2012年中国居民营养与健康状况监测"中6~17岁儿童青少年调查资料,分析我国儿童青少年超重肥胖现状。6岁儿童采用WHO 2007年推荐的分年龄性别BMI超重肥胖判定标准判定超重肥胖,7~17岁儿童青少年采用《中国学龄儿童青少年超重和肥胖预防与控制指南》中的分年龄、性别的BMI超重肥胖判定标准进行判定。结果 6~17岁儿童青少年超重率和肥胖率分别为9.6%和6.4%,其中城市儿童青少年超重率和肥胖率分别为11.0%（男生：12.8%,女生：9.0%）和7.7%（男生：9.7%,女生：5.5%）,农村儿童青少年超重率和肥胖率分别为8.4%（男生：9.3%,女生：7.4%）和5.2%（男生：6.2%,女生：4.1%）。按家庭经济收入水平分,高、中和低家庭收入儿童青少年的超重率分别为12.3%、10.7%和8.2%,肥胖率分别为8.6%、7.2%和5.7%。结论 2012年,我国6~17岁儿童青少年超重肥胖表现为城市高于农村,男生高于女生;患病率与家庭经济收入水平有关。     

北京市2004年2-18岁儿童青少年超重和肥胖流行现状

目的分析北京市2～18岁儿童青少年超重和肥胖检出率水平及分布特征.方法利用2004年北京市儿童代谢综合征调查总样本中21 198名2～18岁人群的体重指数数据,分别采用中国（WGOC标准）、美国疾病预防控制中心（CDC 2000标准）和国际肥胖工作组（IOTF标准）推荐的儿童青少年超重和肥胖体重指数分类标准计算超重和肥胖检出率.结果北京市2～18岁儿童青少年合并超重（包括肥胖）检出率、肥胖检出率分别是18.6%和8.1%（CDC 2000标准）,17.4%和5.1%（IOTF标准）;根据WGOC计算的7～18岁合并超重检出率和肥胖检出率是20.9%和8.9%.学龄儿童（6～18岁）的合并超重率高于学龄前儿童（19.8%：14.8%,CDC 2000标准）;学龄儿童中,男性高于女性（26.7%：16.5%,WGOC标准）,城市高于农村（27.0%：15.9%,WGOC标准）;学龄前儿童城乡间差异无统计学意义.结论北京市有1/5的儿童青少年超重或肥胖,居国内最高水平.儿童青少年肥胖已经成为北京市一个重要公共卫生问题,需要引起社会高度关注.     

济南市城区6～17岁儿童青少年超重和肥胖流行现状

目的采用国内外儿童超重肥胖筛查标准描述济南市城区儿童青少年超重和肥胖流行现状,为政府和教育部门制定儿童肥胖干预策略提供基础数据。方法数据来源于2012年9月-2014年9月开展的"十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目"儿童心血管疾病预警、诊治技术研究"分课题济南调查点。共纳入济南市城区7 840名6~17岁儿童青少年。使用中国标准、美国疾病预防控制中心(CDC)标准、国际肥胖问题工作组(IOTF)标准和世界卫生组织(WHO)标准描述济南市城区学龄儿童超重肥胖流行现状,并计算加权kappa值(kw)比较中国标准与国际标准之间的一致性。结果采用4种BMI筛查标准,济南市城区6~17岁儿童青少年超重率分别为21.0%(中国标准)、17.2%(CDC标准)、21.0%(IOTF标准)和22.1%(WHO标准),肥胖率分别为19.9%(中国标准)、17.4%(CDC标准)、12.4%(IOTF标准)和18.6%(WHO标准)。无论采用何种标准,男生肥胖率显著高于女生,6~11岁组肥胖率显著高于12~17岁组。中国标准与三种国际标准即CDC、IOTF和WHO标准之间的一致性很好,kw值分别为0.88、0.80和0.91。结论济南市城区6~17岁儿童青少年超重肥胖流行现状严峻,主要集中在男童和6~11岁儿童,提示相关部门应尽早采取干预措施。     

天津某地区12476名儿童青少年超重及肥胖分析

目的 了解天津市大港油田地区儿童青少年超重及肥胖流行情况,为相关健康管理政策的制订和科研提供参考.方法 以天津大港油田地区7～16岁儿童及青少年为研究对象,记录性别、年龄,测量身高、体重,计算身体质量指数(BMI),分析该人群超重及肥胖情况.结果 共调查该地区12476名7～16岁儿童青少年,其中男性6592名(52....     

江苏省中部地区儿童青少年超重肥胖现况调查

目的 了解江苏省中部地区儿童青少年超重肥胖现状,分析其影响因素,为制定有针对性的预防控制措施提供参考依据。方法 2020年10—12月,采取分层随机整群抽样的方法抽取江苏省中部地区1个城区和1个郊县共13所学校4 026名学生,进行网络在线问卷调查和现场体格测量,并对数据进行分析。结果 江苏省中部地区儿童青少年超重检出率19.92%,其中男生超重检出率(23.06%)高于女生(16.63%),差异有统计学意义(χ²=26.036,P<0.05)。肥胖检出率21.56%,其中男生肥胖检出率(26.02%)高于女生(16.89%),差异有统计学意义(χ²=49.609,P<0.05)。不同学段之间超重和肥胖检出率比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ²_超重=13.175,χ²_肥胖=73.347,均P<0.05)。住校生中超重检出率高于非住校生,而肥胖检出率低于非住校生,差异均有统计学意义(χ²_超重=4.237...     

Overweight and obesity in Portuguese children and adolescents

The objective of this study is to obtain reliable data from recent studies concerned with obesity and its determinants in Portuguese children and adolescents. We searched in Medline/PubMed published data on overweight and obesity in Portuguese children and adolescents; search terms included “Portugal”, “overweight”, “obesity”, “children” and “adolescents”. We also conducted limited hand-searching of additional studies from PhD theses and other academic theses that addressed overweight or obesity in children and adolescents. Studies that considered body mass index based on self-reported weight and height were excluded. We identified 15 studies that reported overweight and obesity in children and adolescents in Portugal, but 1 study was excluded because it included self-reported weight and height. The International Task Force Recommendation (IOTF) using Cole cut-offs was the most used criterion to estimate overweight and obesity, followed by the age- and sex-specific BMI reference percentiles developed by the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The range of ages in these studies was between 2 and 15 years. There were some variations in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among studies and different regions. In children between 3 and 5 years of age, one study reported that overweight reached 13.6% in boys and 20.4% in girls, and obesity varied between 6.5% and 6.9%, respectively, in boys and girls. Between 6 and 10 years of age (using the IOTF definition), in boys, the prevalence of overweight varied from 14.7 to 30.5% and obesity from 5.3 to 13.2%; in girls, overweight values ranged from 16.5 to 29.1% and obesity from 6.4 to 12.6%. One study evaluated only adolescents that were born in 1990 (ages varied between 13 and 14 years) and reported both prevalences of overweight and obesity; the applied method was CDC criteria; in boys, the percentage of overweight was 16.9%, and obesity prevalence was 11.3%; in girls, overweight was 16.0% and the percentage of obese was 9.2%. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in Portuguese children and adolescents may be considered as alarming, and early intervention to prevent obesity is needed.     

北京城区9～10岁儿童体质量超标肥胖与血脂关系的分析

目的 分析北京市城区儿童体质量超标肥胖与血脂的关系。方法 采用多阶段随机整群抽样法抽取852名北京市城区9～10岁学生。按照WGOC推荐的体质量超标肥胖标准，中华心血管病杂志编辑委员会和Ferranti等提出的血脂异常的标准来诊断儿童体质量超标肥胖和血脂异常。使用Mantel-Haenszel卡方、Wilcoxon检验、Spearman相关和logistic回归等方法，分析了其中847份有效样本。结果 ①控制性别的影响后，BMI与总三酰甘油（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL）独立相关（P〈0.01），偏相关系数分别为0.457、0.189、0.409和-0.399；②TG、TC、LDL、HDL中位数和血脂紊乱（dyslipidemia）患病率在非体质量超标、体质量超标、肥胖组间均有显著差异（P〈0.01），血脂紊乱有性别差异（P〈0.01）；③Logistic回归分析表明，调整体质量、性别后，非体质量超标、体质量超标和肥胖者中，体质量分类每升高一级，患血脂紊乱的OR分别是低一级体重分类的1.51倍，95%CI为1.11～2.03。结论 北京城区9～10岁儿童BMI与血脂水平独立相关，体质量超标和肥胖者患血脂异常的危险性显著增加。     

中国7~17岁儿童青少年宏量营养素摄入与超重肥胖的关系

目的  探讨7~17岁儿童青少年宏量营养素摄入与超重肥胖的关系。方法  1997—2011年基于“中国居民健康与营养调查”的6轮调查数据,纳入膳食及BMI数据完整的7~17岁儿童青少年为研究对象。依照中国肥胖问题工作组制定标准判定超重肥胖,采用Logistic回归分析模型分析宏量营养素摄入与儿童青少年超重肥胖的关系。结果  最终纳入6 360名研究对象,其中7~＜12岁儿童青少年3 529人(55.5%),男生3 360人(52.8%),超重肥胖1 060人(16.7%)。校正相关混杂因素后,与脂肪供能比 < 25%组相比,≥30%组增加20%肥胖风险(OR=1.20, 95% CI：1.03~1.41, P=0.023);与蛋白质供能比 < 10%组相比,≥15%组增加61%肥胖风险(OR=1.61, 95% CI：1.25~2.04, P < 0.001);与碳水化合物供能比 < 55%组相比,55%~ < 65%组降低20%肥胖风险(OR=0.80, 95% CI：0.68~0.95, P=0.011),≥65%组降低21%肥胖风险(OR=0.79, 95% CI：0.66~0.94, P=0.010);脂肪及蛋白质供能比越高、碳水化合物供能比越低,发生超重肥胖的风险越高(P < 0.05);男生摄入过量蛋白质更可能发生肥胖(P=0.034)。结论  儿童青少年摄入过量脂肪和蛋白质可增加超重肥胖发生风险。     

浙江省儿童青少年超重肥胖流行现况

了解浙江省儿童青少年的超重和肥胖流行现况与特征,为进一步采取相应干预措施提供依据.方法 分层整群随机抽取浙江省11个地市小学一、三、五年级和初二、高二年级学生共33 256名,根据身高和体重计算体质量指数(BMI),应用中国肥胖问题工作组(WGOC)的“中国学龄儿童青少年超重、肥胖筛查体质量指数分类标准”判定超重和肥胖,进行流行病学描述性分析.结果 浙江省7 ~18岁儿童青少年超重检出率为10.6%,肥胖检出率为5.3%;男生超重和肥胖检出率(13.7%,6.8%)高于女生(7.4%,3.7%);小学生(12.3%,8.3%)和初中生(11.1%,5.1%)超重与肥胖检出率均高于高中生(8.7%,2.8%);经济发达地区儿童青少年的超重检出率和肥胖检出率(11.1%,5.6%)高于经济欠发达地区(10.3%,4.8%).结论 浙江省儿童青少年超重与肥胖的检出率超过全国水平.要重点关注男生、低年龄段学生和经济发达地区儿童青少年超重与肥胖的流行趋势,采取综合措施促进儿童青少年健康.     

合肥市区2～6岁儿童超重和肥胖现况分析

目的了解合肥市区2-6岁儿童超重和肥胖的现况,为制定儿童超重和肥胖的干预策略和措施提供科学依据。方法采用整群抽样法,对合肥市区96所幼儿园17 984名儿童进行体格检查,根据WHO标准评价儿童体格发育,用身高别体重评价超重和肥胖,凡身高别体重超过中位数10%-19%者为超重,超过20%为肥胖。运用EpiData 3.1软件建立数据库,SPSS 13.0软件对数据进行统计分析。结果在2-6岁儿童中,超重儿童占11.89%,肥胖儿童占5.57%,随着年龄的增长,超重儿童有逐年下降的趋势（χ2趋势=23.068,P〈0.01）;肥胖儿童有逐年上升的趋势（χ2趋势=44.178,P〈0.01）,男童和女童的超重分别为12.32%和11.38%,无显著性差异（χ2趋势=3.740,P=0.053）;肥胖率分别为6.88%和4.01%,差异有统计学意义（χ2=69.629,P〈0.01）;超重＋肥胖儿童随着年龄增长没有增长或下降趋势（χ2趋势=0.007,P=0.936）。超重、轻度肥胖、中度肥胖和重度肥胖儿童的构成比分别为68.11%、20.23%、10.48%和1.18%。公立幼儿园和私立幼儿园超重儿童分别为12.65%和11.67%,无显著性差异（χ2=2.918,P=0.088）;肥胖儿童分别为6.73%和5.23%,差异有统计学意义（χ2=13.575,P〈0.01）。结论合肥市区2-6岁儿童超重和肥胖率比较高,部分超重儿童可能随着年龄的增长变成肥胖儿童;预防儿童肥胖应先预防超重,并且年龄越小越好。     

不同儿童青少年超重肥胖评价标准应用比较

目的比较1985年,2000年身高标准、体重标准和BMI标准在筛查中小学生超重肥胖发生率上的差异及与目测法的符合率,为选择合适的超重肥胖评价标准提供依据。方法采用2010年河南省12个省辖市57 593名7～18岁学生体质健康调研数据,比较不同筛查标准下学生超重、肥胖检出率的差异;选择中牟县某初中一～三年级3个班学生198名,分别用目测法和3种筛查标准评价其营养状况。结果 1985年,2000年身高标准、体重标准和BMI标准男生超重检出率分别为13.8%,5.2%和12.5%;肥胖检出率分别为12.7%,13.7%和8.1%;女生超重检出率分别为10.9%,5.4%和8.2%;肥胖检出率分别6.5%,8.9%和4.2%;与目测结果相比,除2000年标准男、女超重检出率较低以外,3个筛查标准其他超重、肥胖检出率均高于目测法。结论 3种标准筛查超重、肥胖检出率差异较大,与目测结果差异也各不相同;1985年标准超重、肥胖检出率虚高,2000年标准超重、肥胖检出率严重倒置。     

深圳市2013-2017年儿童青少年超重肥胖流行趋势分析

目的 了解2013-2017年深圳市儿童青少年肥胖现状和变化趋势。方法 采用分层整群随机抽样的方法,在深圳市随机抽取6所小学、3所初中和3所高中,监测所有在校学生2013-2017年5年间的身高及体重。结果 2013-2017年6~18岁儿童青少年共监测94 868人次,超重率为13.31%,肥胖率为9.60%;男生超重率和肥胖率（17.60%和12.43%）均高于女生（10.27%和5.93%）;近5年来男、女生超重肥胖率总体呈下降趋势;男、女生超重率峰值分别出现在10~12岁和13~15岁年龄组,而肥胖率峰值均在6~9岁组。结论 2013-2017年深圳市儿童青少年超重肥胖率总体呈下降趋势,但仍处于较高水平,应继续加强监测和采取相应防控措施。     

Obesity of Czech children and adolescents: relation to parental obesity and socioeconomic factors

The purpose of this study was to estimate the change in overweight and obesity prevalence and the influence of socioeconomic status and parental obesity on overweight and obesity of children and adolescents in the Czech Republic. The roles of family history of obesity, dietary factors and physical activity were evaluated. The quota sample of 1,417 children and adolescents aged 6.00–17.99 years was examined in November 2005 as a part of the survey Lifestyle and Obesity. The quota sample was nationally representative, and subjects were selected according to the gender, age, region, size of residential location and education of parents. In the subjects weight, height and waist circumferences were measured and BMI was calculated. Food intake and physical activity were estimated by food frequency and physical activity questionnaires. The results were compared with the data from the 6th National Anthropological Survey of Children and Adolescents 2001, the Czech Republic. The data was evaluated by Pearson’s chi-square test and by linear regression analysis with backward factor reduction. Enhancing prevalence of obesity was found in younger age categories in comparison with the year 2001. Parental overweight and obesity significantly increased the risk of overweight and obesity. BMI in children (6–12.99 years) was associated with the intake of sweetened carbonated drinks and potatoes including fried ones (positive association) and low-sugar carbonated drinks and physical activity (negative association). In adolescents (13–17.99 years) BMI was associated with parental obesity, fat meat intake, time spent on the computer (positive association) and fish intake and physical activity (negative association). The results show an increase in obesity prevalence in younger children in the Czech Republic. Parental obesity significantly enhanced the risk ratio of obesity predominantly in adolescents.     

Trend in the prevalence of obesity and overweight among Iranian children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis

ObjectiveChildhood obesity is an important predisposing factor for most non-communicable diseases. The aim of this review was to provide evidence on the prevalence and trends of childhood obesity and overweight in Iran.MethodsMultiple international and Iranian scientific databases were searched for relevant literatures. Two independent reviewers identified relevant papers in several steps. Separate meta-analyses (using fixed- or random-effect models) were performed to estimate the overall, age, sex, and age–sex specific prevalence of obesity and overweight. Stratified analysis based on Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, International Obesity Task Force, and World Health Organization definition criteria and study year also were performed.ResultsWe included 107 studies in the meta-analysis (49 English and 58 Persian). Based on Centers for Disease Control and Prevention definition criteria, the overall prevalence of obesity and overweight remained relatively constant in the 2000s and are estimated to be about 5.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.4–5.8) and 10.8% (95% CI, 10.2–11.4), respectively. The meta-regression analysis showed that the prevalence of obesity and overweight did not vary significantly with respect to sex and age of study participants. Girls had a lower prevalence of obesity and higher prevalence of overweight than boys.ConclusionThis review, which is the first of its kind in the Middle East and North Africa, suggests that although the trend in the prevalence of childhood obesity in Iranian children is not considerably high, but the escalating trend of excess weight among young children is alarming and should be considered by providers of interventional preventive programs at national and regional levels.