神经内镜经小脑绒球下入路面神经显微血管减压术治疗面肌痉挛的临床疗效

目的初步探讨神经内镜经小脑绒球下入路面神经显微血管减压术治疗面肌痉挛的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析山东大学齐鲁医院神经外科2019年6月至2021年3月收治的97例面肌痉挛患者的临床资料。97例患者术前均行影像学检查,以明确责任血管与面神经出脑干区的关系。所有患者均采用神经内镜经小脑绒球下入路面神经显微血管减压术,术中在神经电生理监测下充分解剖后组脑神经背侧的蛛网膜,从而显露面神经出脑干区,明确责任血管,并准确置入垫片。术后疗效评估分为即刻治愈、延迟治愈、复发和未治愈。结果97例患者术中发现责任血管为小脑前下动脉59例;小脑后下动脉3例;椎-基底动脉35例,其中单纯椎-基底动脉8例,椎-基底动脉联合小脑前下动脉24例,椎-基底动脉联合小脑后下动脉3例。术后即刻治愈68例(70.1%)。术后发热13例,听力减退4例,耳鸣2例,一过性面瘫5例。97例患者的术后中位随访时间为9个月(1~19个月),末次随访显示,93例(95.9%)患者的面部抽动完全消失,其中延迟治愈者25例;未治愈者4例;无复发病例。结论神经内镜经小脑绒球下入路面神经显微血管减压术治疗面肌痉挛,不仅可以提高手术治愈率,而且可以减少术后并发症。     

神经内镜经小脑绒球下入路面神经显微血管减压术治疗面肌痉挛的临床疗效

目的初步探讨神经内镜经小脑绒球下入路面神经显微血管减压术治疗面肌痉挛的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析山东大学齐鲁医院神经外科2019年6月至2021年3月收治的97例面肌痉挛患者的临床资料。97例患者术前均行影像学检查,以明确责任血管与面神经出脑干区的关系。所有患者均采用神经内镜经小脑绒球下入路面神经显微血管减压术,术中在神经电生理监测下充分解剖后组脑神经背侧的蛛网膜,从而显露面神经出脑干区,明确责任血管,并准确置入垫片。术后疗效评估分为即刻治愈、延迟治愈、复发和未治愈。结果97例患者术中发现责任血管为小脑前下动脉59例;小脑后下动脉3例;椎-基底动脉35例,其中单纯椎-基底动脉8例,椎-基底动脉联合小脑前下动脉24例,椎-基底动脉联合小脑后下动脉3例。术后即刻治愈68例(70.1%)。术后发热13例,听力减退4例,耳鸣2例,一过性面瘫5例。97例患者的术后中位随访时间为9个月(1~19个月),末次随访显示,93例(95.9%)患者的面部抽动完全消失,其中延迟治愈者25例;未治愈者4例;无复发病例。结论神经内镜经小脑绒球下入路面神经显微血管减压术治疗面肌痉挛,不仅可以提高手术治愈率,而且可以减少术后并发症。     

面肌痉挛术后无效与复发再手术分析

目的评价面肌痉挛术后无效或复发病例再次手术疗效和并发症发生情况。方法将手术治疗后无效或复发的32例面肌痉挛病人作为治疗组,同期首次手术治疗的100例面肌痉挛病人作为对照组,比较两组责任血管、电生理监测结果、疗效及并发症情况。结果两组责任血管均有小脑前下动脉(anterior inferior cerebellar artery,AICA)、小脑后下动脉(posterior inferior cerebellar artery,PICA)和椎动脉,其中对照组PICA明显多于治疗组(P0.05)。治疗组发现垫棉压迫面神经REZ 10例,两组均未见静脉压迫。治疗组术中异常肌反应(abnormal muscle response,AMR)消失22例,对照组AMR消失66例,两组差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗组随访30例,术后症状立即消失26例,随访期内延迟缓解1例,未缓解3例;对照组随访89例,术后症状立即消失65例,随访期内延迟缓解20例,未缓解4例;两组症状缓解率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组术后并发症主要有面瘫、头痛、听力下降等,其中治疗组头痛发生率及并发症总发生率明显高于对照组(P0.001)。结论在电生理监测下行二次手术治疗面肌痉挛术后无效或复发病例安全有效。     

显微血管减压术治疗面肌痉挛的临床研究

目的分析显微血管减压术(MVD)治疗面肌痉挛的操作要点和评价其疗效,并探讨术中监测异常肌反应的应用价值。方法回顾性分析采用MVD治疗的186例面肌痉挛病例资料。责任血管为小脑前下动脉98例,小脑后下动脉58例,椎动脉9例,小脑前下动脉和小脑后下动脉共同压迫21例。结果出院时,面肌痉挛症状完全消失142例(76.3%),痉挛症状改善33例(17.7%),痉挛症状较术前无明显变化11例(6%)。围手术期脑脊液耳漏1例,术后耳鸣3例,均治愈,无死亡病例。随访6个月~2年,面肌痉挛症状完全消失169例(90.9%),症状较术前改善14例(7.5%),症状无改善3例(1.6%)。结论 MVD治疗面肌痉挛安全、有效,术中监测异常肌反应信号有助于判断减压效果,评判手术疗效应考虑延迟治愈的可能。     

微血管减压术治疗面肌痉挛

目的 探讨微血管减压术治疗面肌痉挛的手术疗效、并发症发生率及手术策略.方法 回顾分析46例面肌痉挛患者微血管减压术疗效.结果 手术中可见动脉血管压迫面神经根部出脑干区,其中小脑前下动脉压迫24例(52.17%),小脑后下动脉压迫14例(30.43%),椎动脉和小动脉同时受压7例(15.22%),椎动脉压迫1例(2.18%).38例手术后面肌抽搐症状完全缓解,8例症状显著减轻.主要并发症包括眩晕、耳鸣(9例),听力下降或丧失(5例),脑脊液漏(1例),感染(2例).无一例手术中死亡.结论 微血管减压术是治疗特发性面肌痉挛的首选方法,娴熟的显微外科手术技术及手术中正确识别责任血管并充分减压,是保证微血管减压术成功的关键.     

微血管减压术治疗面肌痉挛临床分析

目的探讨微血管减压术治疗面肌痉挛的手术要点及有效性和安全性。方法共54例面肌痉挛患者,责任血管分别为小脑前下动脉32例(59.26%)、小脑后下动脉11例(20.37%)、椎动脉5例(9.26%),其中6例(11.11%)为多责任血管,均行微血管减压术。结果 54例患者平均随访2年,面肌痉挛治愈46例(85.19%)、明显缓解5例(9.26%)、部分缓解2例(3.70%)、无效1例(1.85%),总有效率为94.44%(51/54)。术后出现轻度面瘫4例(7.41%)、听力下降2例(3.70%)、延迟治愈4例(7.41%),无一例发生颅内血肿、颅内感染和脑脊液漏,无死亡病例。结论微血管减压术治疗面肌痉挛安全、有效。熟练的手术技巧、准确的责任血管判定、面神经有效减压是手术成功的关键,术中神经电生理学监测可以实时判断手术疗效、减少术后并发症。     

内镜辅助锁孔微血管减压术治疗面肌痉挛

目的 探讨神经内镜辅助锁孔微血管减压术治疗面肌痉挛的价值. 方法 回顾性分析南京医科大学附属无锡二院神经外科自2007年1月至2011年6月收治的35例应用神经内镜辅助锁孔微血管减压术治疗的面肌痉挛患者的临床资料、手术资料及随访结果.手术方式为经枕下乙状窦后入路,并在垫入隔片前后均置入30°神经内镜行多角度的观察面神经全程及其周围血管,判别责任血管,并观察确认垫片位置,辅助垫片调整.28例在显微镜下行微血管减压术,7例在内镜下手术操作. 结果 35例面肌痉挛患者,术后32例(91.4％)症状完全消失,2例(5.7％)明显缓解,1例(2.9％)无明显改善,总有效率97.1％.治疗有效的34例均获随访,随访时间6～60个月,平均30个月.1例术后第16个月复发,复发率2.9％.6例经神经内镜探查判定责任动脉,5例内镜探查后调整隔片位置. 结论 神经内镜探查能避免遗漏责任血管、辅助调整隔片位置,能提高手术有效性,降低术后复发率.     

探讨微血管减压术治疗桥小脑角区脑神经压迫综合征的疗效

目的探讨微血管减压术(MVD)治疗桥小脑角区颅神经压迫综合征的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析在我院2011-03—2014-10采用颅神经微血管减压术(MVD)治疗的43例桥小脑角区颅神经压迫综合征患者的临床资料,其中左侧三叉神经痛2例,右侧三叉神经痛1例,面肌痉挛40例。结果术后症状完全消失35例(81.40%)(左侧三叉神经痛1例,面肌痉挛34例),症状明显减轻5例(11.63%)(右侧三叉神经痛1例,面肌痉挛4例),无明显缓解3例(6.98%)(左侧三叉神经痛1例,面肌痉挛2例),有效治愈率93.02%;1例左侧三叉神经痛术后出现面部麻木及嘴角疱疹,面肌痉挛术后听力下降或轻度面瘫2例,无死亡病例,给予临床治疗后可自行痊愈;术后复发2例(面肌痉挛)。结论微血管减压术(MVD)是治疗桥小脑角区颅神经压迫综合征的有效安全方法,并发症少,值得临床大力推广。     

乙状窦后入路微血管减压术治疗面肌痉挛

目的探讨面肌痉挛病因及微血管减压术对面肌痉挛的治疗效果。方法126例面肌痉挛患者全部在局麻下行乙状窦后入路面神经根微血管减压术。结果126例患者术中均发现面神经根部有血管压迫．其中小脑前下动脉及其分支51例．小脑后下动脉及其分支38例．椎动脉23例．多根小动脉14例。85例患者术后面肌痉挛即停止．28例于术后7～30天内面肌痉挛停止,8例30～90天内面肌痉挛停止．5例3～6个月内面肌痉挛停止。随访108例,随访时间1～4年。2例于术后16个月复发,2例术后18个月复发。本组无死亡病例。结论面肌痉挛是由于面神经根受血管压迫所致．乙状窦后入路面神经根微血管减压术是治疗面肌痉挛安全有效的方法。     

原发性面肌痉挛责任血管识别与微血管减压术疗效分析(附65例报告)

目的 探讨微血管减压术在原发性面肌痉挛治疗中的疗效,为指导诊疗提供临床依据.方法 对2005年1月至2008年12月收治的65例原发性面肌痉挛患者的一般资料、责任血管和外科手术方法 及效果等临床资料进行总结分析.结果 65例病例中,发病率右侧:左侧=1.2:1.总计70条责任血管,动脉接触45条,动脉压迫22条,静脉接触与压迫3条.2条责任血管者5例(7.7%),小脑前下动脉28例次,小脑后下动脉25例次,椎动脉压迫9例次,基底动脉压迫5例次,静脉压迫者3例次.59例术后1个月内症状完全消失(90.8%);症状改善,但需结合药物控制者6例(9.2%).术后1个月未见严重并发症.1年以上随访53例,症状完全消失50例.结论 微血管减压术是原发性面肌痉挛理想的治疗手段,进行中长期随访对有效监控病情、及时调整治疗方案具有重要的作用.     

双侧椎动脉相关面肌痉挛的手术疗效分析

目的 探讨双侧椎动脉（BVAs）相关面肌痉挛（HFS）的临床特征及显微血管减压术（MVD）的疗效。方法 回顾性分析2018年1～12月收治的首次行MVD治疗的362例HFS的临床资料。结果 362例中,BVAs相关HFS有16例。责任血管的分布：BVAs合并小脑前下动脉（AICA）有14例,BVAs合并小脑后下动脉（PICA）有1例,BVA合并AICA与PICA有1例。10例（62.5%）BVAs在后组颅神经水平向腹侧无移位空间,8例（50%）对侧椎动脉直径比同侧粗大。术后即刻治愈率为93.6%(15/16),随访2年治愈率为87.5%(14/16)。结论 BVAs相关HFS临床较少见,往往联合AICA或PICA压迫面神经出脑干区,多表现为对侧椎动脉冗长扩张,且在后组颅神经处无移位空间。因血管类型复杂,可采用联合减压方法,疗效较好。术前影像学评估及熟练掌握神经血管解剖特点是手术成功的关键。     

Neuroendoscopy in microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia and hemifacial spasm: technical note

Miocrovascular decompression is an effective treatment for trigeminal neuralgia (TN) and hemifacial spasm (HFS). A complete cure cannot be obtained, and additional adjuncts for extended use of endoscopy are needed. The use of an endoscope combined with the operating microscope can enhance the surgeon's ability to view deep structures during operation. We study the application of combined microsurgical and endoscopic techniques in 21 cases of HFS and 12 cases of TN. With these techniques the surgeon can explore the ventral aspect of the brainstem and cranial nerves without further retraction, can see the groove caused by compression of the offending artery, and can confirm the proper position of the prosthesis after attachment to the dura by fibrin glue. In HFS the most common offending vessels in 75% of cases were the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) and anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) and in 25% of cases the vertebral artery (VA). In trigeminal neuralgia the offending vessel in 60% of cases was the superior cerebellar artery (SCA), and in 40% of cases the AICA. The overall success rate was 97% with minimal morbidity 3% (facial palsy) and no mortality. The aim of this work is to study advantages and disadvantages of using endoscopy during microvascular decompression for TN and HFS.     

Side predilections of offending arteries in hemifacial spasm

The side predilections of various offending arteries in hemifacial spasm (HFS) have not been well studied. The relationship between clinical and radiological features of HFS and offending arteries were investigated in the present study. A retrospective analysis of 370 patients who underwent microvascular decompression for HFS was performed. The patients were divided into four groups based on the offending arteries, namely anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA), posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA), vertebral artery, and multiple offending arteries. Affected side, age at onset, presence of hypertension, and sigmoid sinus area and dominance were compared between groups. The mean age of patients with a left HFS was significantly greater than that of patients with a right HFS (P = 0.009). The AICA affected primarily the right side and PICA and multiple offending arteries the left side (P < 0.001). Side of sigmoid sinus dominance was significantly different among groups (P < 0.001). The offending arteries in HFS may be related to these differences. AICA was associated with right-sided symptoms, younger age at onset, and presence of left dominant sigmoid sinus, while PICA was associated with left-sided symptoms, older age at onset, and smaller right sigmoid sinus area.     

Neuroendoscopy in microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia and hemifacial spasm: Technical note

Abstract

Miocrovascular decompression is an effective treatment for trigeminal neuralgia (TN) and hemifacial spasm (HFS). A complete cure cannot be obtained, and additional adjuncts for extended use of endoscopy are needed. The use of an endoscope combined with the operating microscope can enhance the surgeon’s ability to view deep structures during operation. We study the application of combined microsurgical and endoscopic techniques in 21 cases of HFS and 12 cases of TN. With these techniques the surgeon can explore the ventral aspect of the brainstem and cranial nerves without further retraction, can see the groove caused by compression of the offending artery, and can confirm the proper position of the prosthesis after attachment to the dura by fibrin glue. In HFS the most common offending vessels in 75% of cases were the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) and anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) and in 25% of cases the vertebral artery (VA). In trigeminal neuralgia the offending vessel in 60% of cases was the superior cerebellar artery (SCA), and in 40% of cases the AICA. The overall success rate was 97% with minimal morbidity 3% (facial palsy) and no mortality. The aim of this work is to study advantages and disadvantages of using endoscopy during microvascular decompression for TN and HFS. [Neural Res 2000; 22: 522-526]     

3D-TOF磁共振血管成像诊断偏侧面肌痉挛的病因

目的　研究 3D TOF磁共振血管成像对偏侧面肌痉挛 (HFS)病因诊断的临床价值。方法　 3D TOF磁共振血管成像脑干薄层扫描 3 4例HFS患者和 3 5例对照 ,盲法诊断面神经根部解剖改变 ,两组对照分析。结果　 ( 1)HFS患者症状侧面神经根部受压迫 3 2侧 ( 94 % ) ,其中血管压迫 3 1侧( 91% ) ,肿瘤压迫 1侧 ( 3 % ) ;无症状侧受血管压迫 6侧 ( 18% ) ;对照组双侧受压迫 3侧 ( 4 % ) ,其中血管 2侧 ,肿瘤 1侧。 ( 2 )常见压迫血管分别为小脑前下动脉 11侧 ( 3 8% ) ,椎动脉单独或与小脑后下动脉联合 9侧 ( 2 9% ) ,小脑后下动脉 8侧 ( 2 5 % )。 ( 3 )面神经根部血管压迫发生HFS相对危险度的估计值为 3 7.2 8。 ( 4 )面肌痉挛侧面神经根部受血管压迫或包绕有 14侧 ( 4 5 % )。结论　研究提示 ,3D TOF磁共振血管成像为目前面肌痉挛病因诊断的最佳影像检查方法 ,HFS的主要病因为患侧面神经根部受血管压迫、包绕或与其紧密接触。     

听神经瘤显微手术中瘤周血管的保护与处理

目的探讨听神经瘤手术中瘤周血管保护的意义和方法。方法回顾性分析64例听神经瘤患者的临床与手术资料,全部病例均采用枕下乙状窦后入路,显微镜下切除肿瘤。结果听神经瘤64例,其中肿瘤全切52例(81.25%),次全切12例(18.75%)。术中小脑上动脉、小脑后下动脉及其主要的分支完整保留58例(90.62%)。面神经未能解剖保留11例(17.19%);术后早期面瘫21例(32.81%),6个月至6年的随访期中14例无改善;术后死亡3例(4.69%)。结论手术中注意保护肿瘤周围正常的供血动脉,对于减少相关的并发症,改善预后十分重要。熟悉解剖和细致的显微操作是提高听神经瘤手术效果的关键。     

Cerebellar infarction in the area of the posterior cerebellar artery. Clinicopathology of 28 cases

We report a neuropathological study of cerebellar infarctions involving the territory of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) in 28 cases. Fifteen cases involved the PICA territory only. In 13 cases infarctions in the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) territory and/or in the superior cerebellar artery (SCA) territory were also present. A thorough post-mortem study of the arterial supply of the brain from the heart up to the cerebellar arteries, including the cervical spine segment of the vertebral arteries was performed in 27 cases. The territory of the cerebellar infarcts has been ascertained. In 15/28 cases (54 percent), infarction involved the PICA territory only (17 infarcts). All of these cases had a benign outcome and death was due to another cause. Six of these were recent infarctions. None had evidence of swelling and tonsillar herniation. Infarcts were generally of small size and involved the entire PICA territory in only 2 cases. Most of these cases were unexpected discovered at autopsy. Cerebellar infarction in the territory of the medial branch of the PICA (9/17 infarcts) drew grossly a set square with a dorsal base and a ventral top headed for the IVth ventricle. Five out of these cases were associated with infarction in the dorsal and lateral medullary territories. Retrospective clinical study showed that they had been unnoticed or overshadowed by other neurological disorders (4 cases), or presented as Wallenberg's syndromes (4 cases), or as a pure vestibular syndrome (due to an infarction involving only the cerebellum) mimicking an acute labyrinthine disorder (1 case). Infarctions in the territory of the lateral branch of the PICA (5/17 infarcts) always occurred without medullary involvement. All of them were unexpectedly discovered at autopsy, and were unnoticed during the life (3 infarcts) or were overshadowed by other neurological disorders (2 infarcts). That was also the case in 2 cases of infarction in the whole PICA territory (3/17 infarcts). Thus infarctions strictly localized to the entire PICA territory only were rare. Thirteen/28 cases (46 p. 100) of infarction in the whole PICA territory were associated with infarction in the AICA and/or the SCA territories. This resulted from an association with other infarctions and not from an abnormally large territory of the PICA. Cerebellar swelling with brain stem compression and tonsillar herniation occurred 8/13 cases (62 p. 100). There were other massive median and paramedian brain stem infarctions involving midbrain, pons or medulla in 55 p. 100 of 13 cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

原发性舌咽神经痛的显微手术治疗（附33例分析）

目的 探讨显微手术治疗原发性舌咽神经痛的手术方式、手术疗效及长期随访结果。方法 2003年5月至2014年7月显微手术治疗原发性舌咽神经痛33例,手术均采用单侧枕下乙状窦后入路,微血管减压术23例,舌咽神经根及迷走神经根上部第1、2根丝切断术3例,微血管减压术+神经根切断术7例。所有患者术后随访10个月至11年,平均5.1年。结果 责任血管为椎动脉5例,为小脑后下动脉18例,为小脑后下动脉合并椎动脉8例,为小脑后下动脉合并小脑前下动脉1例;1例未发现责任血管。33例患者术后即刻疼痛全部消失。5例术后出现暂时性吞咽困难、饮水呛咳、声嘶,3例有阵发性干咳,l例有耳鸣,1例有复视;随访期间,除复视1例外,余9例患者并发症逐渐减轻至消失。结论 显微手术治疗舌咽神经痛是有效、安全的,正确合理选择适宜的术式,在保证疗效的前提下,术后并发症是可控、可接受的。