成角近段旋磨对严重钙化成角冠状动脉病变的治疗价值

目的:在严重钙化成角冠状动脉(冠脉)病变患者中,对比成角近段旋磨和全程旋磨的手术成功率、术中并发症及临床预后,评估成角近段旋磨对该类病变的治疗价值。方法:连续纳入我院2017年1月至2019年12月接受冠脉旋磨介入治疗且冠脉均存在严重钙化伴成角(≥45°)的患者共245例,依据旋磨手术策略分为全程旋磨组(n=179)和成角近段旋磨组(n=66)。比较两组手术成功率和术中并发症发生率,观察两组患者的临床转归,观察终点包括院内和1年主要不良心血管事件(MACE,包括心原性死亡、靶血管再次血运重建、支架内血栓)发生率。结果:成角近段旋磨组的手术成功率为97.0%,2例(3.0%)患者因术中球囊无法扩张而最终转换为全程旋磨;全程旋磨组的手术成功率为99.4%,1例(0.6%)患者因冠脉穿孔导致手术失败而行急诊冠脉旁路移植术。全程旋磨组发生旋磨头嵌顿和心包填塞各2例(1.1%)、冠脉穿孔4例(2.2%),而成角近段旋磨组未出现这些严重并发症;两组术中慢血流/无复流的发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但全程旋磨组术中冠脉夹层的发生率显著高于成角近段旋磨组(43.6%vs.19.7%,P<0.05)。两组的院内总MACE发生率相当,但全程旋磨组1年MACE发生率明显高于成角近段旋磨组(27.4%vs.13.6%,P<0.05)。结论:对于严重钙化伴成角的冠脉病变,成角近段旋磨联合球囊扩张的手术成功率和临床转归与全程旋磨相似,而术中并发症尤其严重并发症的发生风险明显低于后者,说明仅采用成角近段旋磨治疗此类病变是安全和有效的。     

冠状动脉内旋磨术在重度钙化分叉病变中的应用分析

目的旨在评估旋磨与单纯球囊预处理对钙化分叉病变的分支保护以及临床结局的影响。方法选取2016年1月至2020年1月期间接受冠脉介入治疗的重度钙化分叉病变的患者为研究对象,根据是否进行旋磨预处理分为旋磨组(n=90)与非旋磨组(n=84)。比较两组分支受累情况、术中并发症发生率以及近远期心血管不良事件发生情况。结果旋磨组分支受累(6.7%vs 16.6%,P0.05)以及支架贴壁不良或膨胀不全(0 vs 7.1%,P0.05)的发生率要低于非旋磨组,而院外随访期间发生远期心血管不良事件的总体发生率(12.2%vs 31.0%)以及复发心绞痛(4.4%vs 13.1%)和晚期管腔丢失发生率(1.1%vs 9.5%)同样显著低于非旋磨组,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论本研究结果显示对合并严重钙化的分叉病变进行旋磨治疗是安全可行的,与单纯球囊扩张相比,旋磨能够有效保护分支血管并显著减少远期心血管不良事件发生率。     

斑块旋磨术联合药物洗脱支架置入术治疗冠状动脉弥漫性严重钙化病变的近期效果分析

目的探讨斑块旋磨术联合药物洗脱支架置入术治疗冠状动脉弥漫性严重钙化病变的手术安全性和近期效果。方法回顾性分析2011年1月1日至2016年5月31日在北京大学人民医院因冠状动脉严重钙化病变行斑块旋磨术联合药物洗脱支架置入术的109例冠心病患者,共114处病变,其中28例患者在术中行血管内超声检查。按钙化病变的长度分为弥漫性钙化病变组(钙化病变长度≥25 mm,68例、72处病变)和局限性钙化病变组(钙化病变长度25 mm,41例、42处病变)。分析两组患者病变及手术特点、手术成功率、并发症及住院期间主要不良心血管事件(MACE,包括心源性死亡、非致死性心肌梗死和支架内血栓形成)的发生情况。结果弥漫性钙化病变组钙化病变长度[(38.2±11.0)mm比(15.0±4.9)mm,P0.001]、旋磨次数[(6.17±1.61)次比(4.02±1.20)次,P0.001)]、置入支架数[(2.31±0.78)枚比(1.60±0.70)枚,P0.001]显著大于局限性钙化病变组,差异有统计学意义;与局限性钙化病变组相比,弥漫性钙化病变组手术即刻成功率(98.5%比100%,P=0.453)、并发症发生率(41.2%比34.1%,P=0.673)、住院期间MACE发生率(41.2%比31.7%,P=0.484)相当,差异均无统计学意义。结论注意手术操作的规范性、采取恰当的措施预防和处理术中并发症,可以安全地对冠状动脉弥漫性严重钙化病变进行斑块旋磨术并置入药物洗脱支架,手术即刻成功率及近期效果满意。     

冠状动脉严重钙化病变行直接冠状动脉旋磨术和预扩张失败旋磨术的疗效观察

目的探讨对冠状动脉严重钙化病变直接行冠状动脉旋磨术和药物洗脱支架置入术后的效果。方法纳入2014年7月至2017年8月中国科学技术大学附属第一医院心脏中心行冠状动脉旋磨术患者101例,分为预扩张失败旋磨组35例和直接旋磨组66例。分析两组患者冠状动脉造影资料、临床信息、术中并发症发生率、手术成功率,并通过电话及门诊随访。结果直接旋磨组使用血管内超声(IVUS)比例显著高于预扩张失败旋磨组(39.4%比14.3%,P=0.009),而手术时间[(55.1±10.0)min比(94.3±21.6)min,P0.001]及对比剂用量[(108.7±18.5)ml比(176.7±29.1)ml,P=0.008]均明显低于预扩张失败旋磨组;直接旋磨组所用磨头直径[(1.38±0.22)mm比(1.42±0.13)mm,P=0.012]、预扩张使用球囊数[(1.1±0.2)个比(2.6±0.4)个,P=0.009]及使用支架数量[(2.1±0.3)枚比(2.8±0.6)枚,P=0.014]均少于预扩张失败旋磨组,差异均有统计学意义。两组患者术中并发症发生率比较,直接旋磨组术中夹层(3.0%比40.0%,P0.001)、术后心力衰竭(3.0%比31.4%,P0.001)发生率均明显低于预扩失败旋磨组。直接旋磨组术后6个月支架内再狭窄发生率(0.0比11.4%,P=0.004)、靶病变血运重建发生率(3.0%比17.1%,P=0.003)及主要不良心血管事件(MACE)发生率(6.1%比34.3%,P0.001)均明显低于预扩张失败旋磨组。结论对于严重钙化病变,直接旋磨术可有效降低介入手术并发症发生率,且术后6个月MACE发生率较低。     

冠状动脉旋磨术在复杂病变介入治疗中的应用

目的 :探讨冠状动脉旋磨术 (Rotationalatherectomy)治疗复杂冠脉病变的策略及效果。方法 :对 79例患者的 86处病变行冠脉旋磨治疗 ,观察其治疗的即刻成功率及并发症率。结果 :79例施行冠状动脉旋磨术的患者 ,旋磨头均成功地通过了病变 ,手术成功率为 96 .2 0 % (76 79) ,平均狭窄程度由87 4%± 8.78%降至 14.6 %± 10 .89%。其中 5 9.49%的病例选择了 1.5mm的旋磨头 ,2 7.88%的病例使用了二个旋磨头。全部病例均联合应用了冠脉球囊扩张术 ,12例在行旋磨术后置入冠脉内支架。 6例患者术中发生较严重的冠脉痉挛 ,经冠脉内给予硝酸甘油后缓解 ;9处 (10 .47% )病变出现了B型以上的内膜撕裂 ,出现无血流或缓慢血流现象发生率为 3.8%。 1例患者术后发生急性Q波心肌梗塞 ,无急诊冠脉搭桥及死亡病例。结论 :冠状动脉旋磨术可选择性用于复杂冠状动脉病变 ,尤其是严重钙化病变 ,小血管长节段病变     

基层医院应用斑块旋磨术处理冠状动脉严重钙化病变的优势分析

目的探讨基层医院行斑块旋磨术处理冠状动脉严重冠状动脉钙化病变的优势。方法回顾性分析在黄山首康医院因冠状动脉钙化病变行冠状动脉介入治疗的33例冠心病病人。按是否进行斑块旋磨分为旋磨组和对照组,比较旋磨组和对照组术中和术后各相关指标及主要心血管不良事件(MACE)发生率。结果旋磨组与对照组在即刻手术成功率(100.0%比88.9%,P<0.05)、手术时间[(132.7±26.7)min与(158.6±45.5)min,P<0.01]、使用高压球囊个数[(1.5±0.6)个与(2.6±0.8)个,P<0.01]、总并发症(6.7%与27.8%,P<0.01)方面相比差异有统计学意义。结论冠状动脉斑块旋磨术在基层医院严重冠状动脉钙化病变病人中有较好的应用效果。斑块旋磨术处理手术成功率高,手术时间短,使用高压球囊少,总并发症减少。     

冠状动脉旋磨术治疗老年冠状动脉重度钙化病变的效果

目的探讨冠状动脉旋磨术治疗老年冠状动脉重度钙化病变的效果。方法入选2014年1月至2016年1月期间在华西医院心血管内科治疗的冠心病患者80例。采用随机数字表法,将所有患者分为两组:旋磨组(n=40)和非旋磨组(n=40)。观察两组患者的手术情况及围术期并发症等。结果旋磨组的手术即刻成功率显著高于非旋磨组(92.50%vs70.00%),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。与治疗前相比,旋磨组和非旋磨组患者术后的左室射血分数均显著增加,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。旋磨组术中2例发生心室颤动,1例发生心脏骤停,未发现急性心肌梗死、心源性死亡、冠脉穿孔等并发症;非旋磨组未发生围术期并发症。结论冠状动脉旋磨术治疗老年冠状动脉钙化重度病变效果较好。     

冠状动脉严重钙化病变旋磨术后植入药物洗脱长支架的长期临床疗效观察

目的 探讨冠状动脉（简称“冠脉”）旋磨术联合药物洗脱长支架用于治疗严重冠脉钙化病变的安全性及有效性。方法 入选2010年1月至12月因严重冠脉钙化而行冠脉旋磨术联合药物洗脱长支架植入治疗的患者。观察患者的手术成功率,围术期并发症及术后主要心血管事件（包括心源性死亡、心肌梗死、靶病变血运重建）的发生率。结果 共21例严重冠脉钙化病变患者接受了冠脉旋磨术联合药物洗脱长支架植入治疗,年龄（65.2±6.9）岁。合并高血压病16例（76.2%）,糖尿病7例（33.3%）,肾功能不全1例（4.8%）。旋磨部位共植入35枚国产药物支架（1.75枚/部位）,最短支架长度为28mm,病变部位平均支架总长度为48（29～66）mm,仅1例因旋磨头未能通过病变而放弃,手术成功率为95.2%（20/21）。术中1例出现冠脉痉挛,1例出现胸痛伴心率减慢;术后1例出现消化道出血。住院期间无心血管事件发生,平均随访26个月,仅1例（4.8%）患者于术后第2个月发生急性心肌梗死,余患者病情稳定。结论 冠脉旋磨术联合药物洗脱长支架植入术治疗严重冠脉钙化病变可取得很高的手术成功率,是治疗钙化病变安全、有效的方法。     

直接旋磨和球囊预扩旋磨治疗冠状动脉钙化病变的对比研究

目的:评价直接旋磨处理冠状动脉钙化病变的效果。方法:回顾性分析2010-04至2014-09我院行冠状动脉旋磨治疗的冠心病患者137例,其缺血相关病变均为钙化病变。根据旋磨前是否进行球囊扩张,分为直接旋磨组81例和预扩旋磨组56例。比较两组术中操作特征,术中即刻并发症,及患者院内和术后1年累积主要不良心脑血管事件(MACCE)发生率。结果:与预扩旋磨组比,直接旋磨组支架前使用球囊数量低(P=0.000)、最大后扩压力高(P=0.004)。直接旋磨组术中并发症显著低于预扩旋磨组(14.8%vs 32.1%,P=0.016);且术后即刻管腔获得率显著高于预扩旋磨组[(128.52±75.77)%vs(77.12±27.01)%,P=0.004]。与预扩旋磨组相比,直接旋磨组有较低的1年MACCE事件发生率(7.3%vs 23.6%,P=0.006)。Cox回归分析:冠状动脉旋磨处理钙化病变1年MACCE事件的主要相关因素为旋磨前球囊扩张[风险比(HR)=8.166,95%可信区间(CI):1.872~35.614,P=0.005]、左主干病变(HR=13.649,95%CI:2.983~62.440,P=0.001)、术后最小管腔面积(HR=0.583,95%CI:0.378~0.879,P=0.010)、后扩(HR=0.066,95%CI:0.013~0.332,P=0.001)、射血分数大于40%(HR=0.019,95%CI:0.002~0.158,P=0.000)。结论:直接旋磨有较低的1年MACCE事件发生率。这一获益可能与直接旋磨可以进行有效球囊扩张、减少术中并发症、并获得足够的管腔面积有关。     

冠状动脉内旋磨术联合支架术治疗严重钙化病变的疗效及随访研究

目的评价冠状动脉(冠脉)内旋磨术联合支架术治疗严重钙化病变的疗效及中期随访结果。方法对21例冠心病患者的严重钙化病变行冠脉内旋磨术及支架术治疗,6例患者在血管内超声的引导下进行,观察其治疗的即刻成功率及6个月的随访结果。结果行冠脉内旋磨术的21例患者,冠脉造影结果均为В2、C型严重钙化病变。旋磨头均成功通过了病变,15例(71.4%)病例仅选择1.25mm的旋磨头,3例(14.3%)病例仅选择1.5mm旋磨头,3例(14.3%)病例使用了2个旋磨头。全部病例均联合应用经皮冠脉血管成形术(PTCA),19例(90.5%)在旋磨术后置入支架。2例(9.5%)在术中发生冠脉痉挛;1例(4.8%)发生无血流现象;无冠脉穿孔、死亡、急性心肌梗死及急诊冠脉旁路移植术(CABG)。对15例患者进行了术后6个月的冠脉造影随访,有2例(13.3%)发生支架内再狭窄。结论冠脉内旋磨术联合支架术治疗严重钙化病变,去除钙化斑块增大管腔,提高了严重钙化病变的经皮冠脉介入治疗(PCI)成功率。     

冠脉旋磨术在冠状动脉钙化病变患者PCI治疗中的应用价值

目的:研究冠脉旋磨术(CRA)在冠状动脉钙化(CAC)病变患者经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗中的应用价值。方法:2016年6月~2016年12月于我院治疗,且需行PCI治疗的CAC病变患者104例被随机分为旋磨治疗组(52例,接受CRA)和球囊扩张组(52例,接受球囊扩张术),比较两组介入治疗指标、术中并发症发生率及随访1年内主要心血管不良事件(MACE)发生率。结果:两组术前最小管腔直径无显著差异(P=0.304)。与球囊扩张组比较,旋磨治疗组手术时间[(96.29±7.15)min比(72.96±5.76)min]、对比剂用量[(113.25±14.54)ml比(83.27±13.18)ml]、放射线暴露时间[(12.74±1.58)min比(9.07±1.26)min]、术中并发症发生率(26.92%比5.77%)显著降低,支架置入数量[(1.75±0.28)枚比(2.27±0.35)枚]、术后最小管腔直径[(3.15±0.53)mm比(4.31±0.86)mm]、病变残余狭窄<10%率(65.38%比94.23%)、手术即刻成功率(76.92%比98.08%)均显著升高(P均<0.01)。随访期间,旋磨治疗组MACE发生率显著低于球囊扩张组(13.46%比38.46%),P=0.004。结论:CRA能显著提高CAC病变患者PCI治疗手术成功率,降低术中并发症发生率,改善患者预后。     

冠状动脉旋磨术在冠心病钙化病变介入治疗中的应用

目的探讨冠状动脉旋磨术治疗冠状动脉钙化病变的安全性及有效性。方法回顾性分析12例行冠状动脉旋磨术结合冠状动脉球囊成形术和支架植入术的冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)患者的临床资料,着重分析手术方法、手术成功率、术后随访主要心血管事件(包括心源性死亡、心肌梗死、靶病变血运重建)的发生率。结果 12例患者共有16处钙化病变,有15处钙化病变行冠状动脉旋磨术,管腔狭窄由术前的87%±10%减少至42%±9%,结合冠状动脉球囊成形术,共植入18枚国产药物支架,手术成功率为93.75%(15/16)。1例因血管严重扭曲,球囊扩张后出现冠状动脉夹层,植入支架失败,建议行外科冠状动脉旁路移植术。术中均无主要并发症(包括心源性死亡、Q波心肌梗死、急诊冠状动脉旁路移植术)发生。所有患者随访(8.4±3.6)个月,有2例再发心绞痛,无主要心血管事件(包括心源性死亡、心肌梗死、靶病变血运重建)发生。5例患者复查冠状动脉造影,有1例出现支架内再狭窄30%。结论冠状动脉旋磨术联合球囊扩张和支架植入术治疗冠状动脉钙化病变可取得很高的手术成功率,是治疗钙化病变安全、有效的方法。     

Early and late clinical outcomes after rotational atherectomy with stenting versus rotational atherectomy with balloon angioplasty for complex coronary lesions

Limited data are available on the effect of rotational atherectomy plus stenting versus rotational atherectomy plus balloon angioplasty for complex coronary lesions. We compared the early and late clinical outcomes between rotational atherectomy plus stenting (158 patients, 171 lesions) and rotational atherectomy plus balloon angioplasty (165 patients, 186 lesions) for complex lesions. Baseline characteristics were similar between the two groups. The procedural success rate was similar between the 2 groups (94% in rotational atherectomy plus stenting versus 96% in rotational atherectomy plus balloon angioplasty; p = 0.54). There were no significant differences in the in-hospital complications between the 2 groups. During mean follow-up of 40.4 +/- 20.2 months, fourteen patients died: 6 in rotational atherectomy plus stenting and 8 in rotational atherectomy plus balloon angioplasty. Target lesion revascularization was similar between the 2 groups (20% in rotational atherectomy plus stenting versus 24% in rotational atherectomy plus balloon angioplasty; p = 0.46). Three-year event (death, nonfatal myocardial infarction and target lesion revascularization)-free survival rate was 79 +/- 4% in the rotational atherectomy plus stenting group and 75 +/- 3% in the rotational atherectomy plus balloon angioplasty group (p = 0.44). In conclusion, rotational atherectomy followed by stenting or balloon angioplasty is associated with favorable long-term outcomes. Compared with rotational atherectomy plus balloon angioplasty, routine stenting after rotational atherectomy does not provide additional benefits in the clinical outcomes in complex coronary lesions.     

Success,complications, and restenosis following rotational and transluminal extraction atherectomy of ostial stenoses

Our objectives were to determine procedural success, clinical complications, and follow-up restenosis rates after rotational burr and transluminal extraction atherectomy of coronary artery and saphenous vein graft ostial stenoses. Balloon angioplasty of ostial lesions has been associated with low rates of success and high rates of clinical complications and restenosis compared to nonostial lesions. Atherectomy, due to its ability to excise (extraction atherectomy) or pulverize (rotational atherectomy) atheroma and the internal elastic lamina, may result in improved procedural outcome. We retrospectively studied 101 patients with ostial stenoses treated by rotational burr and transluminal extraction atherectomy over a 3-yr period. Quantitative angiography and clinical follow-up were reviewed to determine success, complication, and restenosis rates. Rotational burr (n = 29) and transluminal extraction (n = 72) atherectomy were associated with high procedural success (93% and 90%, respectively) and a low incidence of complications (6.9% and 4.2%, respectively). Postatherectomy angiographic success was low (52% and 69%, respectively) and required adjunctive balloon angioplasty in 85% of patients overall. This lower success rate likely reflects device undersizing as the overall postatherectomy artery to device ratio was near unity (0.95). The rates of angiographic ostial restenosis remain high (39.1% and 65.9%, respectively, P < 0.05). The high rate of restenosis after transluminal extraction atherectomy was due to the higher rate of restenosis in saphenous vein grafts (80%) compared to TEC treated coronary arteries (59%). When only coronary artery lesions were compared, there was no significant difference between atherectomy device groups with respect to restenosis rates or late loss. Rotational or transluminal extraction atherectomy of ostial stenoses is associated with high procedural success rates and a low incidence of complications; however, the rates of restenosis in these lesions remain high.     

Stent thrombosis due to stent fracture in heavily calcified right coronary artery

Coronary stent fracture is an often unrecognized cause of target vessel failure, however, it has been reported more frequently in the drug-eluting stent era. Clinical presentation of stent fracture may range from benign in-stent restenosis to potentially fatal acute stent thrombosis. Interventional treatment of stent thrombosis can be carried out by high pressure balloon dilatation or second stent implantation into the stented segment after thrombus aspiration. Intravascular ultrasound is mandatory in order to exclude mechanical problems in the background of the stent thrombosis and to achieve good final stent apposition and expansion. We report on a stent fracture induced stent thrombosis occurring in a highly calcified proximal right coronary artery. (Treated previously with rotational atherectomy in the middle part, but not in the aortoostial location.) Our case emphasizes the importance of opitimal plaque modification with rotational atherectomy in a calcified aorto-ostial segment of right coronary artery to prevent long term complications such as stent thrombosis or restenosis due to stent fracture.     

Coronary angioplasty with a rotary atherotome]

Several new coronary dilatation systems, including those using laser energy, atherectomy devices and stent implantation, are being developed as alternative or complementary procedures to coronary artery balloon angioplasty. We report our initial experience performing coronary angioplasty with a new rotational atherectomy device, the transluminal extraction catheter, which simultaneously cut and aspirate fragments from the atherosclerotic plaque. The components of the whole system are a special guidewire to cross the stenosis, the atherectomy catheter and the conduction-control unit. This unit, connected when the atherectomy catheter is positioned across the lesion, produces rotation of the conical bladder located in the catheter distal tip and simultaneous aspiration of residual particles. The procedure was performed in 11 patients in whom 13 lesions were dilated. All patients were male (mean age 55 +/- 23 years, range 45-77). The reason for the angioplasty was stable angina in 2 patients and unstable angina in the remaining seven. Initial success (residual stenosis less than 50% of vessel diameter) was obtained in 10 of 13 lesions. In two, conventional balloon angioplasty was required to improve atherectomy result. The only unsuccessful procedure was in a proximal right coronary artery venous graft, in which a large dissection occurred. Patient had angina but no myocardial infarction. Pathologic examination of aspirated material revealed fibrous tissue in 12 cases and cholesterol crystals in four. We conclude, with the limitation of a preliminary study, that rotational atherectomy with the transluminal extraction catheter is a useful procedure to relief coronary stenosis of the coronary arteries.     

Relation of stenosis morphology and clinical presentation to the procedural results of directional coronary atherectomy

BACKGROUND. Directional coronary atherectomy has recently become available to treat coronary stenoses. This study was performed to determine the relation of patient characteristics and stenosis morphology to procedural outcome with directional coronary atherectomy to gain insight into which patients might be best treated with this device. METHODS AND RESULTS. Four hundred stenoses from 378 patients consecutively treated at six major referral institutions were analyzed. Angiographic data were assessed at a central angiographic laboratory using standardized morphological criteria and computer-assisted quantitative dimensional analyses. Procedural success was achieved in 87.8% of stenoses, and major ischemic complications (death, myocardial infarction, and emergency bypass surgery) occurred in 6.3% of patients. Lesion success and complications were closely correlated with recognized modified American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force lesion morphological criteria. Observed for type A stenoses were 93% success and 3% complication rates; for type B1 stenoses, 88% success and 6% complication rates; and for type B2 stenoses, 75% success and 13% complication rates, respectively. There were too few type C stenoses treated to analyze. Furthermore, multivariate testing demonstrated stenosis angulation (multivariate p less than 0.001), proximal tortuosity (p less than 0.001), decreased preatherectomy minimum lumen dimension (p = 0.032), and calcification (p = 0.041) to correlate independently with adverse outcome and complex, probably thrombus-associated stenoses to have a favorable outcome (p = 0.055). Operator experience (p = 0.020) and a history of restenosis (p = 0.022) also favorably influenced outcome. CONCLUSIONS. The procedural outcome of directional coronary atherectomy is highly associated with coronary stenosis morphology. Furthermore, after appropriate stratification for morphology and clinical presentation, overall atherectomy procedural outcome may be similar to that achieved with coronary angioplasty. However, specific subsets of patients may have relatively better outcome with either atherectomy or balloon angioplasty.