云南汉族人群IL-4基因5’和3’非编码区域多态性与HCV慢性感染无相关性

目的探讨IL-4基因5’和3’非编码区域单核苷酸多态性位点(single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)与HCV慢性感染的相关性。方法选取云南地区汉族人群HCV慢性感染患者380例,健康体检人群439例。采用Taq Man探针基因分型方法对IL-4基因5’和3’非编码区域6个SNP位点SNP-1138A/G(rs2243247)、-1098G/T(rs2243248)、-589C/T(rs2243250)、-33C/T(rs2070874)、2979C/A(rs2227284)、3’端C/T(rs2243292)进行基因分型,并构建单倍型,评估上述6个SNP位点及单倍型与HCV慢性感染的相关性。结果 IL-4基因SNP-1138A/G(rs2243247),3’端C/T(rs2243292)在病例组和对照组中无多态性;SNP位点-1098G/T(rs2243248)、-589C/T(rs2243250)、-33C/T(rs2070874)、2979C/A(rs2227284)的基因型频率和等位基因频率在病例组和对照组中差异无统计学意义(P0.05);单倍型分析结果显示:SNP位点-1098G/T(rs2243248)、-589C/T(rs2243250)、-33C/T(rs2070874)、2979C/A(rs2227284)构建的单倍型频率在病例组和对照组中差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论在云南汉族群体中,IL-4基因5’和3’非编码区域SNP位点-1138A/G(rs2243247)、-1098G/T(rs2243248)、-589C/T(rs2243250)、-33C/T(rs2070874)、2979C/A(rs2227284)、3’端C/T(rs2243292)与HCV慢性感染没有相关性。     

IL-10 基因多态性与溃疡性结肠炎易感性的关系及对临床预后的影响

目的:探讨IL-10 多态位点的基因多态性与溃疡性结肠炎的易感性及对临床预后的影响。方法:采用病例对照研究设计,选取80例溃疡性结肠炎患者作为病例组,另外选性别和年龄匹配的健康受试者作为对照组。所有患者治疗前抽取空腹静脉血并提取DNA,设计819 T/ C(rs1800871)、592A/C(rs1800872)、 -1082 G/ A(rs1800896)PCR 引物进行PCR 扩增,扩增产物酶切后进行琼脂糖凝胶电泳以确定基因类型,采用Logistic 回归计算校正相对危险度(OR)和95% 置信区间(95%CI)评价基因多态性与溃疡性结肠炎的易感性,并分析对临床预后的影响。结果:(1) 病例组患者IL鄄10 多态位点rs1800896 基因类型AA、GG 和AG 分布频率与对照组受试者差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01);(2)与rs1800896 基因型AA 比较,基因型为GG 的患者溃疡性结肠炎危险性显著升高(P<0.01),并且临床缓解率显著降低(P<0.01);(3)病例组患者IL-10多态位点rs1800871 基因类型CC、CT 和TT 分布频率与对照组受试者差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);(4)病例组患者IL鄄10 多态位点rs1800872 基因类型AA、AC 和CC 分布频率与对照组受试者差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:IL-10 多态位点rs1800896 基因类型GG 可增加溃疡性结肠炎的易感性,并且显著降低患者的临床预后。     

IL-10基因启动子多态性与皖南地区汉族人群支气管哮喘的相关性研究

目的:探讨IL-10基因启动子-1082G/A(rs1800896)、-819C/T(rs1800871)、-592C/A(rs1800872)位点多态性与安徽皖南地区汉族人群支气管哮喘的相关性。方法:采用病例-对照方法,用聚合酶链反应及直接基因测序法比较183例支气管哮喘组与151例正常人对照组之间基因型、等位基因频率的差异。结果:哮喘组IL-10基因启动子-1082G/A、-592C/A位点基因型与对照组相比有差异(P<0.05),其等位基因型频率在哮喘组和对照组间亦有差异(P<0.05)。而-819C/T位点基因型及等位基因型频率在哮喘组和对照组间均无差异(P>0.05)。结论:IL-10基因启动子rs1800896(-1082G/A)位点和rs1800872(-592C/A)位点的多态性可能与安徽皖南地区汉族哮喘相关;而rs1800871(-819C/T)位点的多态性可能与安徽皖南地区汉族哮喘无相关。     

广西壮族及汉族人群CD40配体基因rs3092923G/A和rs3092929A/C遗传多态性的研究

目的探讨CD40配体基因rs3092923G/A和rs3092929A/C多态性位点在广西壮族及汉族人群中的分布,同时比较其基因型及等位基因频率分布在不同种族人群之间以及同一种族不同性别之间存在的差异。方法采用单碱基延伸PCR的检测方法,分析201名广西汉族人和199名广西壮族人的CD40配体基因rs3092923G/A和rs3092929A/C多态性。结果在广西壮族人群中,CD40配体基因rs3092923G/A位点AA、AG与GG基因型频率和rs3092929A/C位点AA、AC与CC基因型频率均为86.4%、7.5%和6.0%,rs3092923G/A位点的A、G等位基因频率和rs3092929A/C位点的A、C等位基因频率均为90.2%、9.8%;在广西汉族人群中,CD40配体基因rs3092923G/A位点AA、AG与GG基因型频率和rs3092929A/C位点AA、AC与CC基因型频率均为93.0%、4.0%、3.0%,rs3092923G/A位点的A、G等位基因频率和rs3092929A/C位点的A、C等位基因频率均为95.0%、5.0%。将这2个多态性位点基因型分布频率在2个民族人群中比较,差异均无显著性(P均>0.05),而等位基因频率却有着显著性差异(P均<0.05)。另外,将这2个位点多态性分布频率在男女性别之间作比较,差异都没有显著性(P均>0.05)。进一步与人类基因组计划公布的4个人群相比,广西汉族人群的rs3092923G/A和rs3092929A/C 2位点基因型和等位基因频率与非洲、日本、欧洲和北京人群比较,差异都具有显著性(P均<0.05)。结论在广西地区壮族及汉族人群中存在着CD40配体基因多态性。广西汉族人群CD40配体基因多态性的分布频率同其他种族人群比较存在着显著性差异,这种差异可能是导致与CD40配体相关的疾病在不同种族人群间的临床表现以及发病率存在明显不同的原因之一。     

红细胞补体受体1单核苷酸多态性与骨关节结核易感性的关联研究

目的探讨红细胞补体受体1(CR1)单核苷酸多态性(SNP)与骨关节结核(bone and joint tuberculosis)发病的关系。方法收集110例骨关节结核患者(实验组)和104例健康体检者(对照组)的外周血样本,采用单碱基延伸的PCR技术和DNA测序方法对CR1基因3个SNP位点(rs11118167C/T、rs2274567G/A、rs4844600G/A)进行多态性检测,分析2组CR1表达水平、2组CR1基因各SNP位点基因型对于CR1水平差异、CR1基因各SNP位点基因型、等位基因的分布差异及其与骨关节结核患病风险的关系。结果 2组rs4844600G/A基因型和等位基因分布的差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。CR1基因rs4844600G/A位点GG基因型携带者患骨关节结核的风险为非携带者的2.262倍(95%CI:1.275~4.013),其等位基因G携带者患病风险为非携带者的1.565倍(95%CI:1.058~2.314)。rs11118167C/T、rs2274567G/A这2个SNP位点与骨关节结核的患病风险无关(P0.05)。健康对照组CR1的平均荧光前强度为50.87±14.526,高于骨关节结核组的38.95±12.794,差异有统计学意义(t=-6.379,P0.001)。骨关节结核组中,CR1基因rs11118167 C/T、rs2274567 G/A和rs4844600 G/A位点多态性与骨关节结核患者红细胞CR1水平无关(P0.05)。健康对照组中,rs11118167 C/T位点CC、CT基因型携带者的红细胞CR1水平低于TT基因型者;rs2274567G/A位点GG、GA基因型携带者的CR1水平低于AA基因型者(P0.05)。结论骨关节结核患者红细胞免疫功能降低,CR1基因rs4844600G/A位点与骨关节结核发病相关,CR1基因rs4844600G/A位点GG基因型与骨关节结核患者CR1水平低无关。     

MicroRNA 146a基因单核苷酸多态性与卵巢上皮性肿瘤易感性的研究

目的 分析microRNA 146a(miR-146a)基因单核苷酸多态(single nucleotide polymorphisms,SNPs)位点rs2910164(G/C)与卵巢上皮性肿瘤易感性的关系.方法 采用病例-对照研究方法,纳入卵巢上皮性肿瘤患者184例为病例组,无卵巢肿瘤病史的人群200例为对照组.使用基因测序方法确定miR-146a基因rs2910164 (G/C)位点的多态基因型,比较不同基因型在病例组和对照组中的分布情况,并对年龄、月经周期、产次、口服避孕药、家族病史因素进行分层研究.结果 在miR-146a基因多态位点rs2910164(G/C)处,病例组和对照组均有GG、GC和CC 3种基因型,且两组的基因型总体分布差异具有统计学意义(P=0.002).与CC基因型相比,GG和GC基因型携带者的卵巢上皮性肿瘤发病风险较低(OR=0.396,95％ CI=0.219～0.717,P=0.002;OR=0.502,95％ CI =0.308～0.818,P=0.006).分层分析显示,这种影响在年龄≤50岁、产次≤2、未口服避孕药、无家族病史的情况下差异显著,x2检验P值分别为:0.001、0.000、0.001、0.001.结论 miR-146a单核苷酸多态位点rs2910164(G/C)与卵巢上皮性肿瘤易感性相关.GG和GC基因型携带者患卵巢上皮性肿瘤的发病风险低于CC基因型携带者.     

GSTP1和 PLCE1基因多态性与原发性食管癌的相关性研究

目的研究谷胱甘肽S转移酶P1(GSTP1)和磷脂酶Cε1(PLCE1)基因多态性对原发性食管癌易感性的影响及其与环境因素的交互作用。方法选取原发性食管癌患者和健康人群各162例为样本, 采集性别、年龄、烟酒史和食管癌家族史等信息, 并检测其GSTP1基因A105G位点和PLCE1基因rs3765524、rs2274223、rs3781264位点的单核苷酸多态性, 建立Logistic回归模型, 分析食管癌风险因素及各因素的交互作用。结果食管癌组吸烟史、食管癌家族史和热烫饮食人群占比高于对照组, 差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);条件Logistic回归分析显示吸烟、食管癌家族史和PLCE1 rs2274223 GG基因型为食管癌的风险因素(P<0.05), GSTP1 A105G AG/GG基因型是食管癌的保护因素(P<0.05);两因素交互模型中GSTP1 A105G AA和PLCE1 rs2274223 GG基因型均与吸烟具有交互作用, 食管癌患病风险分别升高83.6%和85.7%(P<0.05);GSTP1 A105G AA基因型、PLCE1 rs2274...     

健康人补体受体1基因单核苷酸多态性位点与其红细胞表面分子水平的相关性

目的 探讨健康人补体受体1(complement receptor type 1,CR1)基因单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphisms,SNP)位点与红细胞表面CR1分子水平的相关性.方法 采用多重PCR-荧光标记单碱基延伸-标签微阵列杂交基因分型技术,检测215例受试者CR1基因5个标签SNP,并采用流式细胞术测定其中81例样本红细胞CR1分子水平.采用Arlequin3.11软件对各SNP位点基因型频率进行哈温平衡(Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium,HWE)检验,采用SPSS 13.0软件对健康人CR1基因SNP位点基因型及等位基因分布的性别差异、不同基因型人群红细胞CR1分子水平差异和影响红细胞CR1分子水平的单因素和多因素进行统计学分析.结果 健康人CR1基因SNP位点基因型及等位基因分布性别间的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);健康人红细胞CR1几何平均荧光强度比值(the geometric mean fluorescence intensity ratio of CR1,CR1-GMFIR)为3.36±1.26.rs11118167T＞C和rs9429945C＞T位点各基因型组对应的红细胞CR1分子水平总体比较,差异具有统计学意义(分别为P＜0.01和P＜0.05),两两比较时,rs11118167T＞C位点TC、CC基因型携带者低于TT基因型者,rs9429945C＞T位点CT、TT基因型携带者低于CC基因型者(P值均＜0.01).在年龄、性别、5个标签SNP位点各基因型中,CR1-GMFIR与rs4844600G＞ A(GG/GA/AA)、rs9429945C＞ T(CC/CT/TT)、rs1 1118167T＞C(TT/TC/CC)均呈负相关(分别为P＜0.05,P＜0.01,P＜0.01),影响CR1-GMFIR的最主要因素为rs11118167T＞ C(P ＜0.01),其次为rs9429945C＞ T(P＜0.01).结论 rs11118167T＞C和rs9429945C＞T是红细胞CR1分子水平的主要影响因素.     

西北地区汉族人群FCAMR基因单核苷酸多态性及单体型分析

为研究西北地区汉族人群IgAIg MFc高亲和力受体(Fc receptor IgAIg Mhigh affinity,FCAMR/Fcα/μR)基因单核苷酸多态性(SNP)及单体型的频率。我们采用聚合酶链反应后直接测序方法,对西北地区79(男45,女34)名没有亲缘关系的汉族健康个体FCAMR基因,T549C(rs1856746),A457G(rs3813952),G421A(rs1340232)和A298G(rs3813950)4个SNP位点进行基因分型。用SHEsis软件分析FCAMR基因的单体型频率。本研究发现西北地区汉族人群中T549C(rs1856746)位点,等位基因频率C是38.6%,T是61.4%;A457G(rs3813952)位点,等位基因频率G是5.7%,A是94.3%;G421A(rs1340232)位点,等位基因频率A是17.1%,G是82.9%,A298G(rs3813950)位点,等位基因频率G是4.4%,A是95.6%。西北地区汉族人群中FCAMR基因T549C(rs1856746)、A457G(rs3813952)、G421A(rs1340232)和A298G(rs3813950)4个位点构成的3种主要单体型率(频率>10%)T/A/G/A是60.5%,C/A/A/A是17.1%和C/A/G/A是16.7%。本研究分析了西北地区汉族人群FCAMR基因T549C(rs1856746)、A457G(rs3813952)、G421A(rs1340232)和A298G(rs3813950)4个SNP位点的基因型频率、等位基因频率和单体型频率,为研究该地区FCAMR基因单核苷酸多态性与免疫反应以及相关疾病如IgA肾病易感性之间的相关性提供研究基础。     

Interleukin-18基因启动子区单核苷酸多态性与肝细胞癌遗传易感性关系的研究

目的探讨白细胞介素18(IL-18)基因启动子区-607C/A(rs1946518)和-137G/C(rs187238)单核苷酸多态性(SNP)与肝细胞癌(肝癌)遗传易感性的关系。方法应用序列特异性引物-聚合酶链反应(PCR-SSP)技术,检测228例肝癌患者和300例健康对照者IL-18基因启动子-607C/A(rs1946518)、-137G/C(rs187238)单核苷酸多态性位点基因型,分析肝癌患者和对照组基因型频率和等位基因频率分布。结果肝癌组SNP位点rs187238 G等位基因的频率明显高于对照组(OR=1.1891,95%CI=1.0106-1.5633,P=0.026)。携带rs187238 GG基因型的肝癌患者较多(OR=1.5168,95%CI=1.1490-1.8322,P=0.010)。分层分析发现,rs1946518位点上AA基因型与肝癌发病的关联在饮酒的肝癌患者中更加显著(P=0.024),而且rs187238位点上GC/CC基因型与肝癌发病的关联在出现肝癌复发的患者中更加显著(P=0.005)。结论 IL-18基因启动子区-137G/C(rs187238)GG基因型与肝癌遗传易感性有关联。而rs1946518位点AA基因型和rs187238位点GC/CC基因型分别与肝癌患者饮酒和肝癌复发有关联。     

Secular change in menarche in women in Madrid

The age at menarche was estimated by recollection in 1617 women between the ages of 18 and 60 in Madrid and a nearby suburb, Pinto. The population of Pinto is working-class and the Madrid group, taken from residential neighbourhoods , belongs to the upper middle class. In both groups we found a diminution in average age at menarche, from 14.04 to 13.02 years in Madrid and from 14.55 to 13.16 years from about 1935 to about 1965 in Pinto. These changes have been more intense in the group which is less well-off economically, where living conditions have varied much more drastically.     

Intestinal helminthiasis in school children in Haiti in 2002

A survey on intestinal helminths in school children was conducted in Haiti in 2002. This first nationwide study involving the entire country was stratified by department according to urban and rural zones using the cluster method. Focusing on elementary school children (n=5792; age range 3 to 20 years), it involved 26 urban and 49 rural schools randomly selected. Stools were preserved in formalin and examined by the Ritchie technique. Thirty-four per cent of stools (1981/5792) tested positive for intestinal helminths with the following parasites identified: Ascaris lumbricoides (27.3%), Trichuris trichiura (7.3%), Necator americanus (3.8%), Hymenolepsis nana (2%), Taenia sp. (0.3%) and Strongyloides stercoralis (0.2%). The helminth prevalence was higher in rural (38.4%) compared to urban areas (30%). There was no significant difference in prevalence by sex and age. The importance of geohelminths changed from one department to another with the highest prevalence found in the Southern department of Grande Anse (73.7%) and the lowest prevalence in the Center department (20.6%). Five out of the country's nine departments had a similar prevalence varying from 25.5% to 28.2%. Intestinal helminthic polyparasitism was observed in a percentage of infested school children comprise between 3.4% and 28.6% according in relation to the geographical area. A program to fight against geohelminths in school children should be initiated as a public health priority. Albendazole is the drug of choice. Frequency of drug distribution should be based on the prevalence of geohelminths in each department.     

Experience in adult population in dengue outbreak in Delhi

A dengue outbreak has recently hit the Indian capital. We studied the clinical profile of adult patients. Five hundred and sixty patients of dengue infection were admitted in a specially created ward according to the criteria laid down by WHO. Haematemesis (28.28%), epistaxis (26.78%) and malena (14.28%) were some of the common presentations. Similarly lymphadenopathy, especially cervical (30.89%), palatal rashes (26.96%) and hepatomegaly (23.75%) were the most commonly encountered findings on physical examination. Most of the cases were of dengue fever with haemorrhage and only 2.5% cases were classified under dengue haemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome. The average hospital stay was 3.4 days but only 9.8 hours in the eleven patients who died, suggesting their late arrival in preterminal situation giving little time for resuscitation. Thrombocytopenia was not a feature and only 12.85% patients had platelet count less than 70,000/cmm. Most of the patients who were admitted with thrombocytopenia, showed normalization in their platelet counts in next few days. Serological examination demonstrated evidence of recent dengue infection in 41.17% patients. Few patients required blood or platelet concentrate transfusion. Eleven patients died, three due to DIC, one of intracranial haemorrhage and seven due to massive gastric haemorrhage. Rest of the patients recovered completely. Thus we can conclude that recent outbreak in Delhi was of dengue fever with haemorrhage and mortality was very low in patients who came early to the hospital.     

Changes in the hypothalamic nuclei in in experimental allergy

Summary In rabbits subjected to prolonged sensitization and in which the Arthus phenomenon was induced there was a marked reaction of the hypothalamic nuclei. Staining by Gomori's method indicated a cellular swelling, loss of granules, and protoplasmic vacuolization in the supraoptic nucleus. There was a considerable increase in the size of the cross-sectional area of the cells. The same effects were much less well shown in the paraventricular nucleus. These results show that marked signs of increased neurosecretion developed in the animals at the height of the Arthus phenomenon.(Presented by Active Member AMN SSSR V. V. Parin) Translated from Byulleten Éksperimental'noi biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 55, No. 4, pp. 110–113, April, 1963.     

Development in in vitro toxicology

There are three principal pressures driving the development of in vitro toxicology: (1) the need for more efficient testing systems to cope with the large number of xenobiotics currently being developed; (2) public pressure to reduce animal experimentation; and (3) a need for a better understanding of the mechanisms of toxicity. Within this, in vitro toxicology is focused on local, systemic, and target-organ toxicity. It is becoming increasingly apparent that a step or decision-tree approach using input of a variety of experimental data (physicochemical properties, biokinetics, cytotoxicity) provides the most efficient system for predicting toxicity. Examples of the use of in vitro toxicity systems for prediction of systemic toxicity and target-organ (liver) toxicity are presented.Originally presented at ECCP 93.