中国高原新生儿医学面临的机遇与挑战

尽管我国新生儿的诊疗和救治水平全面提升,新生儿的存活率不断提高,但地区间的发展仍不平衡,特别是在低气压、缺氧的高海拔地区规范开展新生儿医学临床工作和研究极具挑战。目前对于高海拔地区新生儿生存状况和疾病评价等方面尚缺乏基线数据和相关规范。因此,推动高海拔地区新生儿相关问题的临床研究,不仅有助于建立高海拔地区新生儿的医疗临床规范和标准化管理,同时也将为国家卫生相关政策的制定提供依据。     

蓬勃发展的中国新生儿医学:成绩与挑战

随着新年钟声的敲响,中国新生儿科杂志步入创刊后的第27年,这将是她成熟及快速进步、发展的阶段。2011年,在全国广大读者、作者、编者及有关人士的共同关心、努力下,秉承一贯的办刊方针及原则,中国新生儿科杂志顺利完成全年发刊工作。全年刊出各类文章158篇,论著及基础研究共计64篇,基金项目文章21篇,较以往有较大进步。为促进临床诊治及护理经验的交流,加快及加大新的学术信息的传递,根据     

我国新生儿医学的现状与展望

自20世纪80年代以来,我国相对发达地区的三级医院相继建立了新生儿监护中心（NICU）,从此新生儿学科进入了迅速发展阶段,尤其是对早产儿呼吸窘迫综合征采用了以CPAP和机械通气为主的治疗后,其存活率大大地提高。由于各种新技术的开展,新生儿生存质量也逐年提高。近30年来,我国新生儿医学的发展一直充满活力,仍然是儿科领域内最具有儿科特色的专业,从开展的诊治项目上,除体外膜肺（ECMO）外,凡国际上能开展的各项诊治技术在我国均能开展。近20年来新生儿危重病的救治技术得到了空前的普及,整体水平有了很大的提高。但是,在取得上述成绩的同时,应充分认识到我们与国际水平的差距及面临的挑战,为此,要在我们总结前段工作的基础上,探讨今后发展的方向与对策,使我国的新生儿医学能尽早步入国际先进行列。     

北京大学第一医院新生儿医学专业简介

北京大学第一医院儿科新生儿专业由德高望重的秦振庭教授创建于1950年,是全国第一个儿科亚专业,随着医学的发展,又逐渐在新生儿专业内部派生出血液、营养、神经、呼吸、消化、循环等更细化的专业分支,特别是1993年新生儿重症监护病房（NICU）的建立,使新生儿危急重症的救治水平大大提高。在北京大学第一医院儿科的发展中,新生儿医学一直是重点发展的亚专业,是少数几个最具医疗特色和重要学术地位的专科之一。     

北京大学第一医院新生儿医学专业简介

北京大学第一医院儿科新生儿专业由德高望重的秦振庭教授创建于1950年,是全国第一个儿科亚专业,随着医学的发展,又逐渐在新生儿专业内部派生出血液、营养、神经、呼吸、消化、循环等更细化的专业分支,特别是1993年新生儿重症监护病房（NICU）的建立,使新生儿危急重症的救治水平大大提高。在北京大学第一医院儿科的发展中,新生儿医学一直是重点发展的亚专业,是少数几个最具医疗特色和重要学术地位的专科之一。     

举办“第四届新生儿生命支持技术高峰论坛”通知

为促进我国新生儿危重病医学的发展以及新生儿生命支持技术的应用与推广,不断提高危重新生儿的救治水平,《中国当代儿科杂志》编辑部、广州市医学会新生儿科学分会、广州市妇女儿童医疗中心拟于2020年7月24~26日(24日报到,25、26日会议)在广州市联合举办第四届新生儿生命支持技术高峰论坛暨第十一届珠三角新生儿医学论坛。     

延期举办“第四届新生儿生命支持技术高峰论坛”通知

为促进我国新生儿危重病医学的发展以及新生儿生命支持技术的应用与推广,不断提高危重新生儿的救治水平,《中国当代儿科杂志》编辑部、广州市医学会新生儿科学分会、广州市妇女儿童医疗中心原定于2020年5月15~17日在广州市联合举办"第四届新生儿生命支持技术高峰论坛暨第十一届珠三角新生儿医学论坛"因新冠病毒疫情影响,延期至2020年7月24~26日举办。     

新生儿重症医学的数字未来

我国新生儿重症监护和救治技术迅速发展,在许多疑难危重疾病的救治方面取得了突破。但在大数据、信息化时代,数字驱动的临床研究范式应在新生儿重症医学中应得以重视。新的临床研究理念可进一步助力危重新生儿规范、精准、循证的管理,并改善其生存质量。     

精准医疗在新生儿重症监护病房临床实践的新场景与新挑战北大核心CSCD

精准医疗的概念现已渗透到医疗系统各个专业方向。在危重新生儿的临床诊疗中,也不断有最新的尝试,基于个体遗传背景,结合分子水平检测,运用大数据技术分析,对疾病的预防、监控及治疗提出个体化的解决方案。并且在新生儿惊厥、新生儿松软及重症联合免疫缺陷等多个新生儿危重症中看到了基于精准治疗的早期诊断、针对性干预的良好效果。中国遗传学会遗传咨询分会联合复旦大学附属儿科医院发起了《中国新生儿基因组计划》,旨在对新生儿期常见的危重遗传性疾病进行早期筛查和诊断,找出早期可能治疗的对象,实现可防、可控和可干预,使得患儿尽早开展针对性治疗干预,达到改善预后、降低疾病严重性的目的。     

原发性免疫缺陷病：中国儿科医师面临的机遇与挑战北大核心CSCD

人体防御系统可能受到数百个基因调控,这些基因中的某一个或几个发生突变、缺失、插入或拷贝数变异等经典遗传学改变,或发生由环境因素导致的表观遗传学改变（可遗传至子代）,均可能出现免疫缺陷病表现.此前所谓“原发性免疫缺陷病（primary immunodeficiency diseases,PID）”,主指因涉及免疫系统功能的基因发生经典遗传学变异导致的免疫细胞、免疫分子功能缺陷,临床表现为易患感染、恶性肿瘤和自身免疫的一类疾病.     

Palliative care in Egypt: challenges and opportunities

Palliative health-care faces many challenges. Developing countries face unique spectrum of difficulties including limited resources. In this article I share our experience in establishing palliative care department in a charity hospital located in Egypt.     

Academic pediatric radiology in 2010: challenges and opportunities

Academic pediatric radiology is under considerable stress as the result of ongoing financial pressures and recent health-care legislation. This article reviews the current challenges, and suggests both departmental and individual strategies important in sustaining our academic mission.     

Antiretroviral therapy for children: challenges and opportunities

Currently, <10% of all HIV-infected children who need anti-retroviral therapy in sub-Saharan Africa are actually receiving therapy. Many constraints prevent these children from gaining access to appropriate care, including the magnitude of the paediatric epidemic, competing interests of adult care, health system inadequacies, technical challenges and patient-related factors. These issues form the basis of this paper which discusses the practical challenges of extending optimal care to all deserving children. Besides the need for major human, infrastructural, technical and logistic investments to overcome existing constraints, more clinical research is required before treatment guidelines can be refined in resource-constrained settings. In this regard, the paper lists some important research questions that should be addressed.     

Autism and the environment: challenges and opportunities for research

Autism spectrum disorder is a complex developmental disorder that dramatically affects the lives of patients and their families and the broader community. The causes of autism are unknown; however, evidence increasingly suggests that a complex interplay among environmental stressors, genetic mutations, and other biological factors likely plays a significant role in the development and/or progression of autism spectrum disorder. On April 18 and 19, 2007, the Institute of Medicine's Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders hosted a workshop to provide a venue to bring together scientists; major sponsors of autism-related research; and members of the autism patient, family, and advocacy community to discuss the most promising and urgent scientific questions and opportunities. Broad participation by the autism community enriched the meeting significantly by contributing a valuable and personal perspective that is often missing from scientific meetings. It also began a much improved public-private partnership in which all stakeholders are represented. On the basis of the presentations and the discussions that followed, an array of important scientific opportunities were identified in 5 general categories: (1) opportunities to advance clinical research; (2) opportunities to enhance epidemiologic studies; (3) opportunities to improve the understanding of autism's pathology and etiology; (4) tools and infrastructure needs; and (5) opportunities for public-private partnerships. This workshop demonstrated that full public engagement can greatly enhance activities such as this workshop and its outcomes. Furthermore, we expect that this listing of scientific challenges, needs, and opportunities will help to frame a more comprehensive research agenda.