肺癌肾上腺转移癌的超声诊断价值

目的：探讨超声对肺癌肾上腺转移癌的诊断价值。方法：46例CT诊断为肺癌肾上腺转移癌的病人，超声诊断43例，将超声诊断率与CT诊断度进行比较。结果：经卡方检验得χ^2=1.38P＞0．05，超声诊断率与CT诊断率无显著性差异。结论：超声对肺癌肾上腺转移癌的诊断与CT一样，具有重要的临床价值。可作为肺癌肾上腺转移癌的首选影像学诊断方法。     

肺癌肾上腺转移癌的超声诊断价值

目的:探讨超声对肺癌肾上腺转移癌的诊断价值。方法:46例CT诊断为肺癌肾上腺转移癌的病人,超声诊断43例,将超声诊断率与CT诊断率进行比较。结果:经卡方检验得:x2=1.38,P>0.05,超声诊断率与CT诊断率无显著性差异。结论:超声对肺癌肾上腺转移癌的诊断与CT一样,具有重要的临床价值,可作为肺癌肾上腺转移癌的首选影像学诊断方法。     

肺癌肾上腺转移的超声诊断

目的探讨超声对肺癌肾上腺转移的诊断价值和肿瘤声像图特征。方法应用超声检查肺癌肾上腺转移患者71例。结果超声对肾上腺转移癌的检出率为91．55％（65／71）。声像图特征表现为低回声，形态可呈圆形、椭圆形或不规则性分叶状。结论超声检查对肺癌肾上腺转移的诊断有重要价值，可作为肾上腺转移癌的较佳检查方法。     

超声显像对肺癌肾上腺转移的诊断作用

目的 探讨超声对肺癌肾上腺转移癌的诊断作用。 方法 63例肺癌肾上腺转移患者肺部原发灶均经手术与病理证实,对肾上腺转移癌超声图像进行回顾性分析并与CT诊断对照,将其结果做统计学处理。 结果 63例病例均经CT检查确诊,超声检查发现59例。双侧肾上腺转移者7例,右侧转移34例,左侧转移18例。超声图像大多为低回声,肿瘤直径≤3cm者包膜完整,内部回声均匀,直径>3cm者边界欠清,内部回声不均匀。 结论 超声在对肺癌肾上腺转移的诊断中具有重要作用,超声可作为临床诊断肾上腺转移的首选检查项目。     

肺癌肾上腺转移的超声诊断及临床意义

目的：探讨超声对肺癌肾上腺转移的诊断及其临床意义。方法：分析我院665例肺癌患者腹部超声检查结果及22例肾上腺转移的超声图像特点。结果：肺癌伴肾上腺转移占3．3％（22／665），其中未分化小细胞肺癌14例占67．6％（14／22），腺癌5例占22．7％（5／22），鳞癌3例占13．6％（3／22）。双侧肾上腺转移共10例，左侧转移7例，右侧转移5例，其超声特点均为低回声，较小的包膜完整，内部回声均匀，较大的边界欠清，内部回声均匀。结论：超声对肺癌的肾上腺转移的诊断敏感性高达95．5％，定位准确，是发现和诊断本病的首选方法。     

肺癌双肾上腺转移的超声表现1例

患者女，65岁。因肺癌住院。超声检查：左肾上腺区见5．20cm×4．82cm（图1），右肾上腺区见4．74cm×3．14cm（图2）的椭圆形实性低回声肿块，其内部可见动静脉血流信号。超声诊断：双肾上腺肿物，考虑肺癌双肾上泉转移。经术后病理证实。     

超声对肾上腺肿瘤的诊断与鉴别诊断价值

目的探讨超声显像对肾上腺肿瘤的定位、定性诊断与鉴别诊断价值。方法对2003年1月-2009年1月125例疑为肾上腺肿瘤患者进行超声及CT检查,并经手术与病理证实。超声显像诊断后经手术与病理证实为嗜铬细胞瘤48例,肾上腺皮质腺瘤41例,皮质腺癌11例,肾上腺转移癌9例,髓样脂肪瘤8例,结节样增生2例,肾上腺结核4例,胰尾部肿瘤1例,肝脏肿瘤1例,肾上极肿瘤1例。结果肾上腺肿瘤的病理类型不同,声像图表现亦各不相同。超声显像定位诊断符合率为96.0%（120/125）,定性诊断符合率为91.2%（114/125）。结论超声显像对肾上腺肿瘤的定位与定性诊断价值较大,可作为临床诊断的首选检查方法。     

超声显像在肾上腺转移癌诊断中的应用价值

目的 探讨超声显像对肾上腺转移癌的诊断价值。方法 回顾性分析近二十年来我院经超声显像检查并经手术与病理证实的29例肾上腺转移癌患者的声像图特点。结果 29例肾上腺转移癌声像图显示肿块直径为1．8～10．3cm，肿块呈不规则形者18例，呈椭圆形者11例；肿块内部回声分布不均匀，呈低回声者11例，弱回声6例，较高回声4例，弱、低回声与较高回声混合者8例；超声显像诊断与手术和病理诊断相符者27例，符合率为93．1％（27／29）。结论 肾上腺转移癌具有一定的超声声像罔特征，超声显像对肾上腺转移癌的诊断具有重要临床应用价值，可作为临床诊断的首选方法。     

肾上腺转移瘤的PET/CT诊断及鉴别诊断

目的:探讨肾上腺转移瘤的PET/CT表现,提高其诊断及鉴别诊断水平。材料与方法:结合文献对肺癌、乳腺癌、胆管细胞癌等患者进行PET/CT检查发现的肾上腺转移瘤进行回顾性分析。结果:肾上腺转移瘤30例,检出33个转移灶,单侧27例,双侧3例。影像学特征:肾上腺肿大,浅分叶,密度不均匀;PET显示肿大的肾上腺有18F-FDG示踪剂的高摄取,浓聚程度(SUV值3.4～6.4),延迟扫描后(3.9～10.1)。结论:PET/CT对检出肾上腺转移瘤有很高的价值。     

肾上腺转移癌的影像学特点

目的：提高肾上腺转移癌的诊断水平。方法：回顾分析1996—2005年收住的4例经病理证实的肾上腺转移癌的B超、CT及MRI的影像学特点。4例均经B超、CT检查，其中1例经MRI检查。结果：B超与CT的影像学表现相似，均表现为肾上腺区形态不规整、密度不均匀的肿块。MRI显示肾上腺区形态不规整，T1呈低信号、T2呈高信号的不均匀肿物。结论：B超、CT是诊断肾上腺转移癌的主要方法。对于有原发肿瘤伴肾上腺区肿物者应考虑转移癌的可能。     

67例肾上腺转移瘤的临床及B超分析

我院从１９５８年至１９９２年底收治的８６０００余例恶性肿瘤患者中，临床诊断肾上腺转移瘤８０例。通过回顾性研究，对临床资料较完整的６７例，共计８３个肾上腺转移瘤分析结果显示：１．恶性肿瘤可经血行或直接转移至肾上腺，以血行转移为主；２．肾上腺转移瘤最常见的原发肿瘤是肺癌，占７０％（４７／６７），特别是小细胞未分化肺癌，占４０％（２７／６７）其次是恶性淋巴瘤占１１．９％（８／６７）；３．发现肾上腺转移瘤     

Role of sonographically guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy of adrenal masses in patients with lung cancer

PURPOSE: The aims of this retrospective study were to determine the accuracy and safety of sonographically guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) in evaluating enlarged adrenal glands in patients with lung cancer and to correlate the metastatic involvement of the adrenal glands with the surgical stage of the primary lung tumor. METHODS: During an 11-year period, 64 patients with cytologically proven lung cancer had undergone sonographically guided FNABs of an adrenal mass. The accuracy of this method was assessed on the basis of cytologic findings and the safety, on the number of complications reported after FNAB. The location of the adrenal metastasis relative to the primary tumor (ipsilateral, contralateral, or bilateral) was correlated with the surgical stage of the disease. RESULTS: FNAB results were accurate in 58 of the 64 cases (91%), and the procedure was associated with no serious complications. In 6 (9%) of the 64 patients, the FNAB specimen had been inadequate. Cytologic analysis of the aspirates revealed malignancy in 52 (90%) of the 58 patients in whom the FNAB specimen had been adequate for an accurate diagnosis. The adrenal metastases were ipsilateral in 21 patients, contralateral in 15, and bilateral in 16, for an ipsilateral-to-contralateral ratio of 1.4:1. Among patients with operable disease, an ipsilateral pattern of metastasis was present in 65%, whereas among those with inoperable disease, the ipsilateral pattern was present in only 31%. The difference between these 2 groups was statistically significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Sonographically guided FNAB is accurate and safe for evaluating enlarged adrenal glands in patients with lung cancer. Our results also suggest that a solitary ipsilateral adrenal metastasis in a patient with resectable primary lung cancer may represent a regional extension of the disease rather than systemic spread.     

肾上腺占位的影像学诊断

目的:提高肾上腺占位的术前诊断水平。方法:64例肾上腺肿块术前经B超,CT以及MRI诊断,并与手术病理进行回顾性对照研究。结果:其中肾上腺皮质癌4例,转移癌6例,肾上腺腺瘤18例,嗜铬细胞瘤25例,肾上腺囊肿7例,肾上腺皮质增生肥大3例,肾上腺结核1例。研究显示B超、CT以及MRI诊断正确符合率分别为83.3%、95.1%、96.4%。结论:B超是筛选诊断肾上腺肿块的首选方法,CT和MRI诊断正确率较高,两者无明显统计差异,是肾上腺肿块术前必不可少的检查方法和临床医生制定合理手术方法的重要依据。     

Metastatic tumors to the stomach: analysis of 54 patients diagnosed at endoscopy and 347 autopsy cases.

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: There have been several published reports on metastatic lesions in the stomach, but the numbers of cases have been limited due to the low frequency of the condition. The present study examined the clinicopathological features of metastatic tumors in the stomach from distant sites in a large series of cases. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 389 patients with gastric metastases from solid malignant tumors were examined between 1968 and 1998 at our institution. Of these, 347 were identified from a series of 6380 autopsy cases; 54 patients were diagnosed endoscopically while alive, 12 of whom had confirmation of the condition at autopsy. RESULTS: In the endoscopically diagnosed cases, the metastases presented as solitary (65%) or multiple lesions (35 %), and were more frequently located in the middle or upper third of the stomach. Although the endoscopic appearance often resembled that of submucosal tumor (51%) or primary gastric cancer (39%), the final diagnosis was easily obtained in over 90% of cases from endoscopic biopsies. In two cases of lung cancer and breast cancer, gastric metastases were found before the primary tumors. In the autopsy cases with solid malignancies, metastatic lesions to the stomach were found in 5.4%, and the lung, breast, and esophagus were common primary sites. Malignant melanoma was the most frequent tumor to metastasize to the stomach (29.6%). CONCLUSIONS: Since metastatic lesions to the stomach are rare, the above characteristics of the lesions should be borne in mind, and biopsies should be taken for precise diagnosis during endoscopic examinations.     

超声显像在肾上腺肿瘤定位诊断中的作用

目的：探讨超声检查在肾上腺肿瘤定位诊断中的作用。方法：对超声诊断的20例肾上腺肿瘤进行回顾性分析并与手术病理对照。结果：本组病例均为超声检查首诊发现，右侧肾上腺肿瘤14处，占全部病例的63.64%，肿瘤直径以3-5cm为主，共14处，占全部病例的50%。结论：超声在肾上腺肿瘤检查及定位诊断中具有重要作用。可为临床首选检查方法。     

The risk of a venous thrombotic event in lung cancer patients: higher risk for adenocarcinoma than squamous cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Only limited data on the incidence of venous thrombosis in different types of malignancy are available. Patients with adenocarcinoma are believed to have the highest risk of developing venous thrombosis. OBJECTIVES: To study the incidence of thrombosis in patients with lung cancer, with an emphasis on the comparison between adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, we have performed a cohort study of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. In addition the risk associated with treatment and extent of disease was assessed. PATIENTS/METHODS: A total of 537 patients with a first diagnosis of lung carcinoma were included. Patient and tumor characteristics as well as venous thrombotic events were recorded from the medical records and from the Anticoagulation Clinic. RESULTS: Thrombotic risk in lung cancer patients was 20-fold higher than in the general population (standardized morbidity ratio (SMR): 20.0 (14.6-27.4). In the group of patients with squamous cell cancer we found 10 (10/258) cases (incidence: 21.2 per 1000 years) of venous thrombosis whereas in the group of patients with adenocarcinoma 14 (14/133) cases (incidence: 66.7 per 1000 years) occurred. The crude adjusted hazard ratio was 3.1 (95% CI: 1.4-6.9). The risk increased during chemotherapy and radiotherapy and in the presence of metastases. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of venous thrombosis in lung cancer patients is increased 20-fold compared to the general population. Patients with adenocarcinoma have a higher risk than patients squamous cell carcinoma. During chemotherapy or radiotherapy and in the presence of metastases the risk is even higher.     

99Tcm-Tetrofosmin 胸部显像诊断肺部肿瘤的临床研究

目的评价 99Tcm-Tetrofosmin(TF)胸部显像在诊断肺部肿瘤及纵隔淋巴结转移中的临床应用价值.方法对33例肺部肿块患者(肺癌23例,肺部良性疾病10例)行胸部 99Tcm-TF显像和CT扫描,并对SPECT图像进行半定量分析,比较各组间结果.结果 99Tcm-TF胸部显像区分肺部原发性肿瘤良、恶性及其诊断纵隔淋巴结转移的灵敏度均高于CT(P<0.05).肺癌组的靶/非靶(T/N)值明显高于相应的肺部良性病变组T/N值(P<0.001);且肺癌组断层显像的T/N值明显高于平面显像(P<0.01).肺鳞癌组和肺腺癌组的T/N值均高于小细胞肺癌组(P<0.05);而2 h滞留分数(RI)肺腺癌组要高于肺鳞癌组(P<0.05).结论 99Tcm-TF能准确、有效地探测肺癌的原发灶和纵隔淋巴结转移灶,利用半定量方法能提高其准确性,还可能为肺癌的组织类型提供更多的信息,在肺癌的诊断和分期中具有重要的临床实用价值.     

早期CT扫描漏诊肿瘤肺转移病例特征分析

背景：肺是原发性肺癌，乳腺癌，肝癌，结直肠癌、食管癌转移的目标器官之一。尽管计算机断层扫描（CT）是检查肺部转移最广泛的应用方法，但发现早期的肺转移灶仍具有非常大的挑战性。如果能在最早的时间点上，经胸部CT扫描而发现肺转移，可能会改变癌症的分期，并且该信息可能会影响临床治疗决策，将使患者受益。本研究的目的是探究CT扫描是否可以在比当前更早的时间节点上发现肺转移。 方法：于2016年1月至2020年1月随机选择120例肺转移患者的CT检查影像及临床病史资料，并回顾性分析扫描结果。这120例患者患有原发性肺癌、食道癌、肠癌及肝癌。经过后来CT扫描证实有肺部转移的患者均进行了多次胸部CT检查（包括术前胸部CT）。检查早期的CT扫描以确定是否在相同位置的肺转移灶已被诊断或漏诊。根据原发癌的类型和邻近血管的分类对肺转移的漏诊进行统计分析。 结果：漏诊的肺转移病例为42/120（35％），其中单发转移为21例，多发转移为21例。遗漏转移的地方，在肺段区域中分布有统计学差异（P <0.01）。临近血管、胸膜或叶间裂似乎是漏诊肺转移的重要因素（P <0.01）。 结论：在CT扫描中出现的早期肺转移有相当一部分被放射科医生漏诊。通过培训改进以及技术发展（例如计算机辅助检测），CT扫描可以在更早的时间节点上诊断出肺转移，为临床治疗方案制定提供依据，从而使患者受益。     

血清S100BB蛋白水平与肺癌脑转移的相关性

目的 分析探讨血清S100BB蛋白在肺癌脑转移中的表达情况及其临床意义.方法 用ELISA法测定43例肺癌脑转移患者(脑转移瘤1 cm以下组12例,1～2 cm组9例,2 cm以上组17例,5例未知脑转移瘤大小)、44例肺癌患者、45例肺炎患者及44名健康人血清S100BB蛋白水平,并分析血清S100BB蛋白与肺癌脑转移的相关性.结果 肺癌脑转移组血清S100BB蛋白水平为42.28(38.56～121.70)ng/L,显著高于肺癌组的34.09(27.38～43.89)ng/L、肺炎组的31.11(26.79～37.15)ng/L和健康对照组的30.97(7.27～35.84)ng/L,组间比较,差异均有统计学意义(U值分别为422.5、325.5和237.5,P均<0.01).血清S100BB诊断肺癌脑转的ROC曲线AUC为0.828,当以37.15 ng/L为临界值时,其敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和准确性分别为83.7%(36/43)、74.4%(99/133)、51.4%(36/70)、93.4%(99/106)、76.7%(135/176).肺癌脑转移组、肺癌组、肺炎组和健康对照组中S100BB蛋白阳性率分别为83.7%(36/43)、36.4%(16/44)、24.4%(11/45)、15.9%(7/44),肺癌脑转移组S100BB的阳性率显著高于肺癌组、肺炎组和健康对照组(X~2=50.705,P<0.01).肺癌脑转移肿瘤1 cm以下组、1～2 cm组和2 cm以上组的S100BB蛋白水平分别为47.87(39.63～131.68)ng/L、45.28(40.02～126.70)ng/L和38.79(34.86～58.23)ng/L,3组间差异均无统计学意义(U值分别为50.5、65.0和56.0,P均>0.05).结论 血清S100BB蛋白水平可以作为肺癌脑转移发生的辅助诊断指标,但肺癌脑转移瘤大小可能与S100BB蛋白水平无关.