社区药师门诊对老年慢病患者药物治疗管理（MTM）的服务实践

摘 要 目的：探讨在社区开设药学门诊,为老年慢病患者提供药物治疗管理（MTM）服务的工作模式的作用和实践。方法: 临床药师对2017年3～12月372例患者实施MTM服务,分析该类人群患者不合理用药的特点,通过实例介绍临床药师进行MTM服务的作用与实践。结果: 372例患者中合并2种及以上疾病的患者占58.9%,同时服用5种药物以上的患者占78%,其中不合理用药突出问题中重复用药比例高达43.7%。结论: 社区药师门诊开展MTM服务,临床药师为老年患者多重用药管理提供了保障,提高了患者用药安全性和合理性,也为临床药师工作模式转型、建立药物治疗管理体系提供参考。     

临床药学服务对社区高血压、冠心病慢病患者的影响

摘 要 目的：对临床药师参与社区高血压、冠心病慢病管理的影响进行评价。方法: 设计社区慢病患者的临床药学服务管理方案,建立社区高血压、冠心病慢病患者用药档案,对患者安全用药认知及慢病用药情况进行调研。针对不合理用药情况及生活习惯等给予两次药学干预,提出药学意见。评价患者用药依从性、药学意见接受度、血压等改善情况,并对患者用药费用及保健品费用进行分析评价。结果: 患者用药依从性明显提高,高血压达标率上升,患者对临床药学服务满意度较高,对药学干预意见的接受度明显提高;患者用药总费用无明显变化,但保健品费用明显下降。结论: 临床药师进入社区开展慢病用药管理是扩大临床药学影响的有效路径,能提高慢病患者用药合理性、安全性,对促进社区慢病管理有积极作用。     

临床药师参与1例左上肺腺癌伴骨转移患者的止痛用药方案实践

摘 要 目的：探讨临床药师在止痛用药方案中的药学服务作用和药学监护模式。方法: 临床药师通过参与1例左上肺腺癌伴骨转移患者的止痛用药诊疗过程,分析患者治疗过程中止痛药物使用的合理性及相应的药学监护内容。结果: 临床药师在癌痛患者药学监护过程中,及时发现并协助医生解决问题,为临床提供合理性建议。结论:临床药师开展的癌痛患者止痛用药监护,有助于促进癌痛治疗的个体化和规范化,在癌痛合理用药和减少药物不良反应等方面发挥着重要的药学作用。     

基于循证药学的心血管临床药学服务模式

摘 要 目的:探讨循证药学在临床用药干预中的作用。方法：阐述基于循证药学的药学服务模式干预心内科用药的具体措施,对实际案例和干预效果进行分析和总结。结果：基于循证药学的药学服务模式可提高心内科临床用药合理性。结论：循证药学是临床药师在临床开展药学服务的重要工具,基于循证药学的服务模式可促进临床合理用药,同时提高临床药师专业素质。     

1例化疗药导致Ⅳ度骨髓抑制的病例分析及药学监护

摘 要 目的：探讨临床药师在化疗致Ⅳ骨髓抑制病例中开展临床药学的切入点及药学监护方法。方法: 以对1例培美曲塞联合奈达铂用于晚期肺腺癌出现Ⅳ度骨髓抑制的病例分析为切入点,对该例患者化疗方案、骨髓抑制的发生及治疗过程及可开展的药学服务进行分析总结。结果: 临床药师利用药学专业知识最终帮助患者安全度过化疗后的骨髓抑制期,增强了药学监护意识,为保障患者用药安全有效等方面发挥了积极作用。结论:临床药师积极参与药学监护,提供药学服务,有利于患者用药安全、有效。     

临床药师在普外科开展药学服务的实例分享及体会

摘 要 目的：总结临床药师在普外科开展药学服务的经验, 探索药师参与临床药物治疗实践模式。方法: 从药物重整、药物不良反应的发现及处置、药物治疗方案的参与制定三方面分享临床药师在普外科参与药物治疗的典型实例并进行分析。结果: 临床药师通过药物重整提高了患者用药的准确性和有效性,通过及时发现肝素引起的血小板减少症并停药避免了患者发生出血不良事件的风险,参与制定抗感染方案使得患者切口感染得到迅速而有效的控制。结论:临床药师深入病区开展“以患者为中心”的药学服务,提高了患者用药安全性及合理性,对提高临床医疗质量具有重要的作用。     

临床药师开展肝功能不全患者药学服务的实践探讨

目的 探讨临床药师参与肝功能不全患者治疗过程的药学服务模式。方法 结合肝功能不全患者的具体案例，分析临床药师参与临床药物治疗的工作内容和方法。结果 临床药师通过识别及分析药物性肝损伤、协助医师制定肝功能不全患者的药物治疗方案、对肝功能不全患者开展会诊及药学监护等个体化的药学服务为切入点参与临床药物治疗。结论 临床药师发挥自身所长，与医护人员组成团队为患者提供药学服务，体现自身价值，促进临床用药的安全、有效和合理。     

临床药师对过敏性紫癜患者的用药干预与监护

摘 要 目的：通过临床药师参与会诊提供药学监护,提高过敏性紫癜患者药物治疗的有效性、安全性,以及患者的用药依从性。方法: 药师在1例过敏性紫癜患者的治疗过程中,结合临床表现提出调整用药方案的建议,并从药品不良反应的监护、相关检验指标的监测等方面提供药学服务。结果: 通过临床药师参与制订用药方案,加强用药的针对性及用药过程的监护,使患者得到有效缓解。结论:临床药师参与过敏性紫癜治疗用药会诊,体现了临床药师以患者为中心的药学服务理念,提高了救治的有效率和安全性。     

中医骨伤专科医院慢病管理药学服务模式的探索与实践

摘 要 目的：探索适合中医骨伤专科医院慢病管理的临床药师工作模式,为完善药学服务提供思路。方法: 结合临床实践,总结与分析中医骨伤专科医院临床药师工作模式及特点,找出需要解决的关键问题。〖HTH〗结果和结论: 〖HTK〗中医骨伤专科医院开展的临床药学服务工作,树立以患者为中心和以合理用药为核心的理念,促进了药学服务水平的提升。     

药学干预对社区高血压患者用药依从性的影响

目的 探究药学干预下社区高血压患者的药物治疗依从性,为患者的安全有效用药提供指导,亦为转型期的二级医院临床药师探索药学服务新路径提供参考。方法 采用药师干预与不干预对照试验方法,比较药师干预前后干预组与对照组高血压患者临床治疗依从性、血压变化和生活方式改善依从性。结果 经过12个月实验,药师干预组高血压患者的临床治疗依从性和生活方式改善依从性均明显高于对照组（P<0.05）,收缩压和舒张压也都有明显降低（P<0.05）。结论 药学干预对社区高血压患者用药依从性有积极的影响。     

Application of intervention mapping to develop and evaluate a pharmaceutical discharge letter to improve information transfer between hospital and community pharmacists

BackgroundInsufficient information transfer is a major barrier in the transition from hospital to home. This study describes the systematic development and evaluation of an intervention to improve medication information transfer between hospital and community pharmacists.ObjectiveTo develop and evaluate an intervention to improve the medication information transfer between hospital and community pharmacists based on patients', community and hospital pharmacists’ needs.MethodsThe intervention development and evaluation was guided by the six-step Intervention Mapping (IM) approach: (1) needs assessment to identify determinants of the problem, with a scoping review and focus groups with patients and healthcare providers, (2) formulation of intervention objectives with an expert group, (3) inventory of communication models to design the intervention, (4) using literature review and qualitative research with pharmacists and patients to develop the intervention (5) pilot-testing of the intervention in two hospitals, and (6) a qualitative evaluation of the intervention as part of a multicenter before-after study with hospital and community pharmacists.ResultsBarriers in the information transfer are mainly time and content related. The intervention was designed to target a complete, accurate and timely medication information transfer between hospital and community pharmacists. A pharmaceutical discharge letter was developed to improve medication information transfer. Hospital and community pharmacists were positive about the usability, content, and comprehensiveness of the pharmaceutical discharge letter, which gave community pharmacists sufficient knowledge about in-hospital medication changes. However, hospital pharmacists reported that it was time-consuming to draft the discharge letter and not always feasible to send it on time.The intervention showed that pharmacists are positive about the usability, content and comprehensiveness.ConclusionThis study developed an intervention systematically to improve medication information transfer, consisting of a discharge letter to be used by hospital and community pharmacists supporting continuity of care.     

临床药师参与1例尖端扭转型室速患者的治疗实践

摘 要 目的：探究临床药师参与ICU危重症患者抢救的药学实践切入点。方法: 通过参与1例尖端扭转型室速患者的药物治疗,结合患者既往用药史,协助医师快速诊断药源性疾病并制定用药方案,针对患者心律失常、电解质紊乱及抗感染治疗过程中的用药情况开展药学监护。结果: 通过全程药学监护保障患者药物治疗的有效性和安全性,患者各项生命体征、临床指标显著好转,顺利转出ICU。结论:临床药师参与重症患者抢救过程中应充分发挥专业特色,使用药学思维协助医师制定合理的药物方案,保障临床用药的安全有效。     

基于微信平台的肿瘤药学服务系统的设计与构建——以乳腺癌患者全程化管理为例

目的 通过微信平台构建以合理用药为核心,多媒体、交互式、患者全程化管理的肿瘤药学服务系统。方法 系统分设微信端和PC端药师工作站若干模块,利用微信订阅号和小程序为患者提供合理用药、药学科普、抗肿瘤药物药品说明书查询、患者个性化服务等功能。结果 借助微信平台优势建立了集药品信息查询、资讯发布、药学服务于一体的肿瘤药事服务系统,实现了包括多媒体用药宣教、药品知识库建立、患者全程化管理的特色药学服务功能,在乳腺癌患者中推广患者全程管理模式取得了初步成效。结论 基于微信平台的肿瘤药学服务系统有助于发掘存在用药监护需求的肿瘤患者,延伸药师对院外肿瘤患者的高质量药学服务。     

山西省医疗机构儿科药学服务问题研究

目的：调查山西省146所设有儿科的医疗机构儿科药学服务现状及225名药师药学服务能力基本情况,研究目前山西省儿科药学服务存在的问题。方法：以“问卷星”的形式发放调查表,对山西省医疗机构儿科药学人员配备情况、硬件水平及药学服务能力水平等进行调查,并进行统计分析。结果：省内医疗机构未配备药学智能化设备占比53.42%,配备情况有待提高;儿科临床药师配备较少,仅占16.44%;受访医疗机构开展的药学服务在儿科患者用药交代、用药咨询及用药教育、处方（医嘱审核）、药学科普服务等方面占比较大,在开展儿童静脉药物集中调配、药学门诊、慢病管理及治疗药物监测（TDM）等药学服务占比较小,分别占比11.64%、10.27%、4.79%以及4.11%。结论：本次调查在一定程度上反映山西省目前医疗机构儿科药学服务存在的相关问题,药学服务水平需要整体提升,服务模式目前尚属于探索性阶段,需要逐渐模式化、规范化及统一化,为患者提供同质化的药学服务。     

Hospital pharmacists’ pharmaceutical care for hospitalized patients with COVID-19: Recommendations and guidance from clinical experience

ObjectiveTo discuss hospital pharmacists’ role in providing pharmaceutical care for hospitalized patients with COVID-19 to promote patient care and management during the pandemic.MethodBased on the method of evidence-based pharmacy, clinical evidence of therapeutical drugs for COVID-19 were retrieved and summarized. Based on clinical experience Chinese hospital pharmacists gained from providing pharmaceutical care services during COVID-19 pandemic, taking COVID-19 hospitalized patients’ needs into consideration, the methods and strategies hospital pharmacists shall use to provide pharmaceutical care were analyzed and summarized.ResultsHospital pharmacists shall support pharmaceutical care services by participating in making evidence-based decisions for medication, monitoring and evaluation of medication safety and efficacy, providing strengthened care for special population and patients with combined underlying diseases, monitoring and management of convalescent plasma therapy, providing emotional counselling and psychological support, and providing scientific information about COVID-19 vaccines.ConclusionThe need of pharmaceutical care services in COVID-19 hospitalized patients during this pandemic was quite distinguished from the past. Hospital pharmacists shall join the collaborative multidisciplinary team to improve COVID-19 patients’ outcome and reduce mortality, and to facilitate the pandemic control.     

糖尿病肾病患者伴慢性肾功能不全时的药学监护切入点

摘 要 目的： 探讨临床药师在糖尿病肾病伴慢性肾功能不全患者中的药学监护切入点。方法: 通过对主要治疗药物包括降糖药和降血压药,以及治疗并发症药物如利尿剂、降脂药及改善微循环药物进行监护,结合糖尿病肾病患者的饮食健康教育,发挥临床药师的药学服务作用。结果: 临床药师提高了患者的依从性以及对临床药师的信任度,并保证了药物的安全性与有效性。结论: 临床药师为提高糖尿病肾病伴慢性肾功能不全患者的安全合理用药,并延缓其疾病的发生发展提供了保障。     

Patients with rare diseases using pharmacists for medication information

Objectives:To determine whether patients with a rare illness (1) use pharmacists for medication information more or less frequently than physicians and the Internet, (2) perceive pharmacists as a more or less credible medical information resource than physicians and the Internet, and (3) obtain different types of medication information from pharmacists, physicians, and the Internet.Design:Cross-sectional survey.Setting:Online data collected between 2008 and 2009.Patients:Adult, English-proficient vasculitis patients (n = 232) who were taking at least one medication to treat their vasculitis.Intervention:Administration of online survey.Main outcome measures:Patient use of pharmacists, physicians, and the Internet for medication information; perceived credibility of pharmacists, physicians, and the Internet as sources of medication information; and types of medication information obtained from pharmacists, physicians, and the Internet.Results:Participants consulted physicians and the Internet more than pharmacists for medication information; only 96 participants (41.4%) ever used pharmacists for vasculitis medication information. Females and participants who used community pharmacies were significantly more likely to consult pharmacists for medication information as compared with males and patients who did not use community pharmacies. Participants perceived pharmacists were a less credible source of medication information than physicians and the Internet. Participants used physicians and/or the Internet more than pharmacists for five of eight types of medication information, including adverse effects and drug effectiveness.Conclusion:Vasculitis patients consulted sources other than pharmacists for medication information. Several factors, including perceived pharmacist credibility and a noncommunity-based pharmacy, may contribute to infrequent patient use of pharmacists as a medication information source. Future qualitative research should document how patients with rare disease perceive and interact with pharmacists to understand why many view pharmacists as only moderately credible sources of medication information.     

浦口区社区居民中成药用药行为的调研分析

目的：通过调研社区居民使用中成药的用药行为,分析存在的问题并提出推进药学服务的对策。方法：随机对南京市浦口区643名社区居民进行中成药用药行为调查,并对结果进行统计分析。结果：被调查对象通过药师推荐和指导来选（服）用中成药的仅占3.9%,持续使用中成药时间达6个月以上的占50.7%,使用3种及以上中成药的占37.2%,中成药与化药联合应用占45.7%。社区居民用药以个人行为为主。结论：社区居民使用中成药存在诸多不规范行为,须推进基层中药师药学服务;加强基层中药师培养,利用现代互联网技术宣传中成药用药知识,促进公众安全合理用药,消除社区居民用药安全隐患。