宫腔镜检查及镜下输卵管口插管通液在不孕症中的应用

目的 :探讨宫腔镜检查及镜下输卵管口插管通液术在不孕症患者诊疗中的应用价值。方法 :对 3 0例原发不孕 (原发组 )和 63例继发不孕患者 (继发组 )行宫腔镜检查及镜下输卵管口插管通液术 ,记录子宫腔内及输卵管通畅情况。结果 :与术前比较 ,术后两组的输卵管通畅病例增加 ;对宫腔内异常情况可明确诊断、及时处理。结论 :宫腔镜检查及镜下输卵管口插管通液对子宫及输卵管因素所致的不孕症患者的诊疗效果理想。     

宫腹腔镜联合手术配合中药治疗输卵管阻塞性不孕

目的探讨宫腹腔镜联合手术配合术后中药少腹逐瘀汤加减方治疗输卵管阻塞性不孕症的效果。方法双侧输卵管阻塞的92例不孕症患者,随机分为两组:研究组62例,行宫腹腔镜联合手术,配合术后中药少腹逐瘀汤加减方治疗;对照组30例,单纯行宫腹腔镜联合手术。结果研究组和对照组术中输卵管通畅率分别为95.2%和95.0%,无统计学差异(P>0.05)。术后1月输卵管通畅率,研究组91.1%,高于对照组80.0%(P<0.05)。术后1年宫内妊娠率,研究组75.8%,对照组63.3%,两组有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论宫腹腔镜联合手术配合术后中药少腹逐瘀汤加减方能有效防治输卵管阻塞再通术后粘连,明显提高手术成功率及术后妊娠率。     

输卵管性不孕的腹腔镜诊治

目的:观察腹腔镜手术对输卵管性不孕症的诊断与治疗效果。方法:对122例不孕症患者行腹腔镜联合宫腔镜检查与手术,视术中情况行粘连松解术、输卵管造口术或输卵管伞端成形术,经宫颈再通液观察输卵管通畅情况。结果:122例不孕患者中输卵管因素所占比例最高,共239条输卵管,112条阻塞,术后42条通畅,手术成功率39.25%(42/107)。结论:输卵管因素是女性不孕的重要原因之一,腹腔镜手术成功率高,对治疗输卵管性不孕症具有重要的临床意义。     

宫腔镜联合腹腔镜治疗输卵管性不孕症效果分析

目的探讨宫腔镜联合腹腔镜治疗输卵管性不孕症患者的效果。方法选择2016-02-2018-03间收治的50例(62条)输卵管性不孕症患者,均采用宫腔镜联合腹腔镜手术治疗,并对其临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果本组50例(62条)手术均获成功。未发生输卵管积液、出血或破裂等并发症。术后均行12个月的随访,期间输卵管总复通率为88.71%(55/62);自然妊娠率为72.00%(36例),其中宫内妊娠率为68.00%(34例)。异位妊娠2例(4.00%)。结论宫腔镜联合腹腔镜手术治疗输卵管性不孕症,能够提高输卵管通畅率及术后宫内妊娠率,且手术并发症少,安全性高。     

宫、腹腔镜联合治疗输卵管性不孕症的临床研究

目的:探讨宫、腹腔镜联合治疗输卵管性不孕症的方法和效果。方法:经输卵管碘油造影诊断输卵管阻塞不孕症患者并行腹腔镜输卵管外部粘连松解、造口术、联合宫腔镜行输卵管全程插管及加压通液术疏通。结果:64例98条输卵管的外部粘连及腔内阻塞,经松解、插管通液,61条输卵管通液成功,成功率62.2%,随访最短2个月,最长2年,24例已受孕,受孕率37.5%,其中宫内妊娠21例,输卵管妊娠3例。结论:宫腔镜及腹腔镜联合使用能安全有效疏通输卵管,提高手术成功率,并减少输卵管插管损伤等并发症。     

宫、腹腔镜联合手术在女性不孕症中的应用

目的探讨宫、腹腔镜联合手术在女性不孕症患者诊治中的应用价值。方法对我院2003年6月～2008年12月收治的120例女性不孕症应用宫、腹腔镜联合诊治的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果腹腔镜下发现盆腔病变107例,其中盆腔炎症79例,子宫内膜异位症12例,多囊卵巢综合征6例,卵巢囊肿6例,子宫肌瘤3例,盆腔结核1例;宫腔镜下发现宫腔病变13例;宫、腹腔镜下均发现病变5例。治疗后行镜下输卵管插管通液,120例(234条输卵管)不孕症中,术前阻塞92条,通而不畅48条,通畅94条;术后通畅201条,通而不畅18条,阻塞15条,手术疏通率76.4%(107/140)。89例术后随访0.5～1年,已有32例受孕,妊娠率36.0%(32/89),其中宫内妊娠30例,输卵管妊娠2例。结论宫、腹腔镜联合手术,能准确诊断不孕原因,同时治疗宫腔、盆腔及输卵管异常,对女性不孕症患者疗效较好。     

宫、腹腔镜联合微导丝诊治不孕症128分析

目的：探讨宫腔镜、腹腔镜联合微导丝诊治不孕症的应用价值。方法：采用宫腔镜、腹腔镜联合微导丝诊治不孕症患者128例。结果：术后随访97例,31例失访,随访率75.78%,随访时间2～48个月,42例受孕,妊娠率43.29%,38例为宫内妊娠,4例为宫外妊娠。结论：宫腔镜、腹腔镜联合微导丝诊治术是不孕症的有效诊治方法,在全面检查诊断女性不孕症原因的同时进行手术治疗,具有安全、有效、痛苦少、术后恢复快的优点。     

宫、腹腔镜联合诊治输卵管性不孕症改进手术方法后的妊娠结局北大核心CSCD

目的探讨宫、腹腔镜联合治疗输卵管性不孕的手术方法改进后的妊娠结局。方法 2007年1月~2010年12月77例因输卵管因素导致的不孕接受传统宫、腹腔腔镜联合治疗（传统组）,并与2011年1月~2014年1月138例输卵管性不孕症接受改进手术方法的宫、腹腔镜联合治疗（改进组）进行回顾性比较,电话随访了解术后妊娠情况。结果 2组均在宫、腹腔镜下顺利完成手术。改进组术中输卵管通畅情况显示通畅203条,通而不畅44条,不通27条;传统组通畅101条,通而不畅23条,不通30条,2组比较比较有统计学意义（Z=-2.189,P=0.029）。改进组术后1年内宫内自然妊娠率74.3%（101/136）,显著高于传统组59.7%（46/77）（χ2=4.850,P=0.028）。结论宫、腹腔镜改进手术技巧诊治输卵管性不孕可提高复通率和复孕率,是输卵管性不孕症理想的诊治手段,值得推广。     

腹腔镜与宫腔镜联合诊治不孕症的效果分析

目的:评估双镜联合诊治不孕症的临床疗效.方法:回顾分析2018年7月至2020年7月收治的60例不孕症患者的临床资料,按手术方式分为对照组(n=30)与试验组(n=30).对照组行腹腔镜探查+输卵管通液术,试验组行腹腔镜联合宫腔镜手术.术后随访1年,比较两组临床妊娠率及性激素水平.结果:对照组妊娠率为50％,试验组为8...     

单孔腹腔镜联合宫腔镜治疗输卵管性不孕的体会

目的:对比单孔与传统腹腔镜联合宫腔镜手术治疗输卵管性不孕症的临床疗效,探讨单孔腹腔镜手术的应用价值.方法:选择2018年1月至2019年6月行腹腔镜联合宫腔镜手术治疗的输卵管性不孕症患者为研究对象,将100例患者按随机数字表法分为观察组(单孔手术)与对照组(多孔手术),每组50例.对比分析两组术中出血量、手术时间、术后...     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

A comparison of the inhibitory effects of four volatile anaesthetics on the metabolism of chlorzoxazone, a substrate for CYP2E1, in rabbits

Background: Halothane inhibits in vitro and in vivo activity of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 2E1. There are several fluorinated volatile anaesthetics besides halothane, and most of them are defluorinated by CYP2E1. It is unclear whether other fluorinated anaesthetics inhibit the in vivo activity of CYP2E1.
Methods: We compared the inhibitory effects of therapeutic concentrations of four inhalational anaesthetics, halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane, on chlorzoxazone metabolism in rabbits receiving artificial ventilation.
Results: All four inhalational anaesthetics decreased arterial blood pressure and increased plasma chlorzoxazone concentration. However, no significant differences in the plasma chlorzoxazone concentration were found between the four anaesthetics. The estimated chlorzoxazone clearance increased after beginning inhalation with all four agents, but no significant difference in clearance was noted between agents.
Conclusions: At therapeutic concentrations, the in vivo inhibitory effect on chlorzoxazone metabolism was similar for all four inhalational anaesthetics examined, even though their chemical characteristics and extent of hepatic metabolism differ considerably.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Synergistic interaction between the effects of propofol and midazolam with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity in rabbits

Background: It has been shown that the depressive effects of both propofol and midazolam on consciousness are synergistic with opioids, but the nature of their interactions on other physiological systems, e. g. respiration, has not been fully investigated. The present study examined the effect of propofol and midazolam alone and in combination with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and whether such interactions are additive or synergistic. Methods: PNA was recorded in 27 anaesthetised and artificially ventilated rabbits. In three groups, propofol, fentanyl and midazolam were administered intravenously in incremental doses to construct dose-response curves for the depressant effects of each one on PNA. In another two groups, the effect of pretreatment with either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. on the effects of propofol and fentanyl respectively on PNA were studied. Results: Propofol and fentanyl caused a dose-dependent depression of PNA with complete abolition at the highest total doses of 16 mg · kg^?1 i. v. and 32 μg · kg^?1 i. v., respectively. In contrast, midazolam in incremental doses to a total of 0.8 mg · kg^?1 reduced mean PNA by 63%, but approximately 12% of PNA remained at a total dose as high as 6.4 mg · kg^?1. The mean ED₅₀s, calculated from dose-response curves, were 5.4 mg · kg^?1, 3.9 μg · kg^?1 and 0.4 mg · kg^?1 for propofol, fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. Initial doses of either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. acted synergistically with subsequent doses of either propofol or fentanyl to abolish PNA at total doses of 8 mg · kg^?1 and 8 μg · kg^?1, respectively. Conclusion: Fentanyl has a synergistic interaction with both propofol and midazolam on PNA and hence potentially on respiration.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.     

Systemic analgesia adapted to the children's condition

A concept of balanced analgesia using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), paracetamol (acetaminophen), opioids, and corticosteroids can also be used in patients with pre-existing illnesses. NSAIDs are the most effective treatment for acute pain of moderate intensity in children; however, these drugs should be avoided in patients at increased risk for serious side effects, e.g. patients with renal impairment, bleeding tendency, or extreme prematurity. NSAIDs can be given with minimal risks to the younger child with mild to moderate asthma, and, in these patients, the use of steroids can be encouraged; in addition to their antiemetic and analgesic action, a beneficial effect on asthma symptoms can be expected. In the non-intubated child with cerebral trauma, exaggerated sedation caused by opioids and increased bleeding tendency caused by NSAIDs must be avoided. In neonates and small infants, the oral administration of sucrose or glucose is helpful to minimize pain reaction during short uncomfortable interventions.