肝内胆管结石不同治疗方式长期疗效报告

目的比较肝内胆管结石不同治疗方式的长期疗效，探讨合理可靠的治疗方法。方法回顾性分析1993年1月-2002年12月我院159例肝内胆管结石的临床资料，比较保守治疗、胆总管切开取石术、肝切除术、肝胆管肠吻合术以及保留Oddi括约肌的肝门胆管狭窄成形术5种治疗方法的术后并发症和远期疗效。结果146例随访2—12年，中位时间7年，随访率91．8％（146／159）。保守治疗16例（Ⅰ组），随访15例，15例出现胆管炎，其中死亡1例；肝外探查47例（Ⅱ组），残留结石率100％，随访43例，术后胆管炎32例（74．4％），其中死亡7例；肝叶或肝段切除16例（Ⅲ组），残留结石3例（18．8％），随访15例，术后胆管炎4例（26．7％），其中死亡1例；肝胆管肠吻合32例（Ⅳ组），残留结石11例（34．4％），随访29例，术后胆管炎14例（48．3％），其中死亡3例；保留Oddi括约肌48例（Ⅴ组），残留结石8例（16．7％），随访44例，术后胆管炎7例（15．9％）。Ⅱ组残留结石率显著高于其他手术组（P均=0．000）；Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组胆管炎复发率显著高于其他各组（P均〈0．05）；Ⅳ组胆管炎复发率显著高于Ⅴ组（P=0．003）。结论治疗肝内胆管结石，保守治疗和肝外探查疗效最差，保留Oddi括约肌的肝门胆管成形术优于肝胆管肠吻合术。     

肝胆管结石的微创手术治疗进展

肝胆管结石(hepatolithiasis)是指位于左、右肝管分叉以上的胆管结石。肝胆管结石常合并反复发作的胆管炎,导致肝胆管狭窄、肝实质萎缩,继发性胆汁性肝硬化甚至胆管癌。肝胆管结石病变复杂,术后并发症多、结石残余率及复发率均较高,其治疗一直是肝胆外科的难题。手术微创化是当今国际外科学发展的一大趋势,肝胆管结石的微创手术治疗方法及疗效也有了很大的进步。本文将近年来肝胆管结石的微创手术治疗进展作简要综述。     

不同术式治疗肝内胆管结石效果比较

目的 比较三种常用手术方式在不同类型肝内胆管结石中的治疗效果.方法 回顾性分析我院自1999年1月至2010年12月因肝内胆管结石行手术治疗的139例患者的临床资料及随访情况.结果 本组29例行单纯胆总管切开取石T管外引流术(20.9%),24例行胆管空肠Roux-Y吻合术(17.3%),81例行肝段或肝叶切除术(58.3%),4例行肝移植术(2.9%),1例行肝门胆管切开整形术(0.7%).术后残余结石36例(残石率25.9%),随访术后大于1年且出院时证实无残余结石的患者共83例,随访59例(随访率71.1%),7例结石复发(复发率11.9%);肝段或肝叶切除术病例组术后结石残余率低于单纯胆总管切开取石T管外引流术病例组(P<0.05).术后胆管炎发生率和结石复发率低于单纯胆总管切开T管外引流术病例组和胆肠Roux-Y吻合术病例组(P<0.05).结论 肝内胆管结石术后残石率及复发率仍然较高.规则性肝段或肝叶切除术疗效优于单纯胆总管切开T管外引流术或胆肠Roux-Y吻合术.     

Biliary access loops for intrahepatic stones: results of jejunoduodenal anastomosis

Background: Patients with intrahepatic calculi require multiple interventions following successful surgical stone clearance for recurrent stones and cholangitis. The present paper describes the results of a technique of in‐continuity side‐to‐side jejunoduodenal anastomosis (JDA) that provides endoscopic access to the hepaticojejunostomy and intrahepatic ducts. This operation is compared to other techniques in a critical appraisal of various biliary access procedures described for long‐term management of intrahepatic ­calculi. Methods: A retrospective analysis of clinical data of 13 patients who underwent biliary drainage procedures with access loops for intrahepatic calculi during the period March 1990 to December 2000 was performed. The postoperative course of patients and the feasibility of postoperative endoscopic access to the hepaticojejunostomy and intrahepatic ductal system in treatment of recurrent cholangitis were assessed. Nine patients underwent JDA, two underwent permanent‐access hepaticojejunostomy (PAH) and two others underwent an interposition hepaticojejunoduodenostomy (IHJ). Results: The analysis revealed no major procedure‐related complications or mortality. Endoscopic access (using forward‐viewing gastroscope) was possible in 100% of cases following JDA, and with difficulty in both cases after PAH. Endoscopic access in the two patients with IHJ failed because of technical reasons. Recurrent cholangitis was seen in seven patients (54%) ? two out of two patients in the PAH group, one out of two in the IHJ group and four out of nine in the JDA group. This required 12 endotherapy sessions (mean: 1.5 procedures per patient). Conclusion: In‐continuity side‐to‐side JDA allows easy access of conventional gastroduodenoscopes to the biliary tree for removal of recurrent/residual intrahepatic stones. The technique has advantages over other access loop procedures in the long term management of recurrent intrahepatic stones.     

皮下通道胆囊肝胆管成形术治疗肝内胆管结石

目的探讨皮下通道胆囊肝胆管成形术治疗肝内胆管结石的效果。方法2001年6月～2008年5月,采用皮下通道胆囊肝胆管成形术治疗肝内胆管结石43例。在清除结石、解除肝内外胆管狭窄、肝门整形的基础上,利用胆囊壶腹部切开相应大小的切口与切开的胆管吻合,并适当游离胆囊,使其底部可以被固定到切口皮下。要求术中基本取尽肝内结石或切除病灶。结果同时行肝切除18例（41.9%）。术后残石率39.5%（17/43）。该术式联合肝切除与未联合肝切除的残石率分别为27.8%（5/18）、48.0%（12/25）。术后出现1例胆漏,1例真菌感染。43例随访1～83个月,平均27.6月。再发胆管炎和结石3例,胆管炎发作1例,再发结石1例,均通过皮下通道切开引流、取石而治愈。结论皮下通道胆囊肝胆管成形术治疗肝内胆管结石安全、有效、微创、简便。     

非肝切除外科治疗86例Ⅲa型肝胆管结石病疗效分析

目的 探讨Ⅲa型肝胆管结石病治疗策略。方法 回顾性分析2014年7月至2017年12月广西中医药大学第一附属医院肝胆外科收治的86例Ⅲa型肝胆管结石病病例的临床资料,均采用非肝切除的外科治疗。观察结石残留情况、术后胆道镜取石次数、结石清除率、复发率及疗效等指标。结果 共23例胆管狭窄病人,其中3例为肝门部胆管狭窄,行肝门部胆管修补成型;20例为肝内胆管开口狭窄,行胆道镜球囊扩张。首次治疗残留结石83例（96.5%）。术后6周左右经T管窦道或皮下盲袢窦道行胆道镜取石,取石3（1~10）次;4例病人残留小部分结石,结石清除率为95.4%。2例发生胆漏,通畅引流后治愈。随访时间24（3～36）个月,80例（93.0%）治疗效果为优;6例（7.0%）术后结石复发,6例（7.0%）偶发胆管炎。结论 通过胆道手术及联合胆道镜纠正狭窄、取除结石治疗Ⅲa型肝胆管结石病安全可行,近期治疗效果满意。     

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??Surgical treatment of hepatolithiasis in right lobe of liver: a report of 102 cases HE Ling??LI Wen-mei. Department of General Surgery??Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College??Xuzhou 221002??China
Corresponding author??LI Wen-mei??E-mail??L5748036@126.com
Abstract Objective To explore the surgical treatment of hepatolithiasis in right lobe of liver. Methods Retrospective analysis the surgical treatment methods and efficacy of the 102 cases of hepatolithiasis in right lobe of liver in affiliated hospital of Xuzhou medical college from January 2000 to December 2008. Results 30 cases in this group underwent hepatic segmentectomy; and the remaining 72 cases underwent resection of the liver lobi, and incided common bile duct???? and ?? grade bile duct and removed the stones??Of which 20 cases were placed directly T-tube or U-tube drainage??33 cases were formed the narrow bile ducts and placed T-tube or U-tube drainage??and 19 cases received choledochojejunostomy. 42 cases combined common bile duct stones which underwent incision of common bile duct and removed the stones. All cases of postoperative jaundice subsided gradually, and liver function improved. Postoperative bile leakage occurred in 6 cases (5.9%), residual calculi happened in 5 cases(4.9%), cholangitis happened in 3 cases??2.9%??received cholecystojejunostomy??8 cases (7.8%) recurrent hepatolithiasis. Conclusion Hepatic segmentectomy or resection of the liver lobi ??incision of the secondary bile duct and removing the stones??forming the narrow bile duct??and placing T-tube or U-tube drainage or choledochojejunostomy for hepatolithiasis in right lobe of liver can obtain a good therapeutic effect. In addition??Forming bile duct stenosis, and placing T-tube or U-tube drainage can reduce the occurrence of postoperative complications, and more conducive to deal with complications.     

肝切除术治疗肝内结石354例

目的探讨肝切除术治疗肝内结石的效果。方法分析１０年来采用肝切除术治疗３５４例肝内结石患者的临床表现、结石的部位和分布情况、手术方式、手术后并发症及结石残留等情况,并将１９９０年以后与１９９０年前的资料进行比较。结果肝内结石以左肝较多（３２３例）,肝切除仍以左外叶及左半肝切除为主。１３．８％的病例有结石残留;６０例出现手术后并发症;手术死亡４例。１９９０年以后再次手术的病例、术后残石率均比以前下降。治疗效果优良者占８８％。结论肝切除手术是治疗肝内结石的主要方法,为减少结石的残留和复发,应根据结石情况同时行肝内狭窄胆管切开整形、胆管空肠吻合治疗。     

Reducing Residual and Recurrent Stones by Hepatectomy for Hepatolithiasis

The long-term outcomes of 97 consecutive patients with hepatolithiasis, who underwent treatment from January 1971 to June 2006, were analyzed. The short-term outcomes included the rate of residual stones and complications after treatment, whereas the long-term results included the stone recurrence rate. In 22 of the 97 (22.7%) patients, residual stones were found after treatment for hepatolithiasis. The incidence of residual stones was 0% in hepatectomy patients, 48.6% in cholangioenterostomy patients (p < 0.001, compared with hepatectomy), 25.0% in T-tube drainage patients (p = 0.015, compared with hepatectomy), and 10.0% in percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopic lithotripsy (PTCSL) patients. In 15 of the 66 (22.7%) patients who were treated for hepatolithiasis, recurrent stones were found after intervals of 5 to 24 years. The incidence of recurrent stones was 13.9% in hepatectomy patients, 28.5% in cholangioenterostomy patients, 25.0% in T-tube drainage patients, and 50.0% in PTCSL patients (p = 0.021, compared with hepatectomy). Hepatectomy appears to be the most effective treatment for selected patients with isolated left hepatolithiasis (L). In PTCSL procedures, favorable results have been obtained when the stones were completely cleared; however, the incidence of recurrent stones is high in patients after PTCSL.     

复发性肝胆管结石患者的微创手术效果分析

目的探讨复发性肝胆管结石患者的腹腔镜微创手术效果。 方法本研究选取2010年1月至2015年12月在本院住院治疗的复发性肝胆管结石患者132例为研究对象,根据数字表法将患者分为传统组和腹腔组,每组66例,传统组患者给予传统开腹方法进行结石清除处理,腹腔组患者给予腹腔镜辅助微创取石处理,采用SPSS 15.0分析软件分析,两组术后并发症、复发率计数资料比较采用χ²检验;组间围手术期的各项指标采用(平均值±标准差)表示,独立t检验,P<0.05表示差异有统计学意义。 结果腹腔镜组患者的术中出血量、手术时间和抗生素使用时间均少于/短于传统组(P<0.05);腹腔组的术后疼痛的发生率、肛门排气时间、胆红素恢复时间以及住院时间均短于传统组(P<0.05);腹腔组的结石复发率和复发性胆管炎的发生率(15.2%、1.5%)均低于传统组(39.4%、18.2%),差异均有统计学意义。 结论将腹腔镜辅助治疗应用于复发性肝胆管结石患者的治疗可以有效的减少术中出血量,缩短恢复时间和住院时间,降低结石复发率和复发性胆管炎的发生率,值得临床推广。     

不同手术方法治疗肝内胆管结石的疗效对比与危险因素分析

目的:比较肝部分切除与经皮经肝穿刺胆道镜取石(PTCSL)治疗肝内胆管结石的近远期疗效,探讨影响结石残留、复发及远期并发症的危险因素。方法:回顾性分析我院2013年6月—2018年6月收治的接受肝部分切除(手术切除组)或PTCSL(PTCSL组)的78例原发性肝内胆管结石患者,对比两种治疗方式的近远期疗效,并分析结石残留复发和治疗后长期并发症(反复发作的胆管炎、肝脓肿、胆汁性肝硬化、胆管细胞癌)与临床资料的关系。结果:平均随访时间为38.3个月。手术切除组患者结石清除率显著高于PTCSL组,而术后复发率显著低于PTCSL组(P<0.05),两组患者病死率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。78例患者术后共有22例(28.2%)发生结石残留,多因素分析显示,术前合并胆道狭窄(OR:3.026;CI:1.021~7.298)、结石双侧分布(OR:1.542;CI:1.196~3.886)及PTCSL治疗(OR:1.425;CI:1.085~4.238)是影响结石残留的独立危险因素。78例患者术后结石复发24例(30.7%),多因素分析显示,术前合并胆管狭窄(OR:1.528;CI:1.258~5.298)、术后结石残留(OR:1.854;CI:1.326~5.128)、结石双侧分布(OR:1.785;CI:1.236~6.327)及PTCSL(OR:1.367;CI:1.096~5.026)是影响结石复发的独立危险因素。总体与肝胆相关并发症率为17.9%(14/78)。多因素分析显示,年龄(OR:3.022),结石双侧分布(OR:1.793),术前胆道狭窄(OR:2.944)和术后结石残留(OR:1.991)是影响术后并发症的独立危险因素。结论:肝部分切除和PTCSL治疗原发性肝内胆管结石患者远期均可能发生结石残留、结石复发。术前有胆道狭窄、结石呈双侧分布的患者行肝部分切除术的并发症更少;对于老年患者或合并肝硬化、无法耐受手术的患者,若术前合并胆道狭窄可考虑行PTSCL。术后定期随访非常必要。     

Choledochoscopic lithotripsy is a useful adjunct to laparoscopic common bile duct exploration for hepatolithiasis: a cohort study

Background

This study aims to investigate the role of combining choledochoscopic lithotripsy with laparoscopic common bile duct exploration for hepatolithiasis in patients who are not suitable for hepatectomy.

Methods

From March 2009 to March 2013, 86 patients with hepatolithiasis irrespective of whether they underwent a choledochoscopic plasma shock wave lithotripsy or not were analyzed.

Results

Sixty-two patients underwent lithotripsy and 24 patients underwent basket lithoextraction intraoperatively. Plasma shock wave lithotripsy did not lengthen the operating time, but decreased the postoperative residual stone rate and reduced the frequency of postoperative choledochoscopic lithotomy for patients with remnant stones. The overall final stone clearance rate was 98.8%. During a mean follow-up of 26.2 months, recurrent stones and cholangiocarcinoma developed in 1 patient, respectively.

Conclusion

Laparoscopic common bile duct exploration combined with choledochoscopic lithotripsy is a definitive procedure for hepatolithiasis in patients who are not candidates for hepatectomy.     

肝内胆管结石患者行腹腔镜左肝切除术后远期生存质量的影响因素分析

目的:探讨肝内胆管结石行腹腔镜左肝切除术后远期生存质量的影响因素。方法:回顾分析2010年1月至2017年12月216例肝内胆管结石患者行腹腔镜左肝切除术的临床资料,根据远期生存质量情况分组,分析患者术后远期生存质量的影响因素。结果:79例行左半肝切除术,137例行左外叶切除术;术后随访25~80个月,中位随访时间34.0个月;随访评价生存质量良好192例,不佳24例;其中结石残留22例、复发16例、胆管炎反复发作24例、死亡6例。单因素分析结果显示,性别、肝胆手术史、血肌酐、白蛋白、活化部分凝血活酶时间、胆道镜使用情况、术后胆道引流情况、手术时间及术后结石残留情况与腹腔镜左肝切除术后远期生存质量有关(P<0.05)。多因素分析结果显示,肝胆手术史、术后胆道引流情况及手术时间是肝内胆管结石患者微创左肝切除术后远期生存质量的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。结论:有肝胆手术史、术后胆道引流及手术时间≥240 min的肝内胆管结石患者远期生活质量更差,预后不良风险更高。     

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目的：探讨肝胆管结石手术时机的选择对术后并发症及其治疗效果的影响。方法：回顾性分析1992～2002年因肝胆管结石行手术治疗457例的胆管炎发作史，再手术史，手术方式，术后并发症及结石残留等情况。结果：457例中急症期内行手术治疗213例，出现术后并发症47例(22．1％)，死亡3例，术后结石残留率37．3％；择期行手术治疗244例，出现术后并发症31例(12．7％)，死亡2例，术后结石残留率21．7％。结论：严格掌握肝胆管结石手术时机，避免急症期内被动手术和减少再次手术率，可减少术后并发症和残留结石发生，提高治疗效果。     

皮下通道型肝胆管狭窄成形术治疗肝内胆管结石的疗效评价

目的探讨皮下通道型肝胆管狭窄成形术治疗肝内胆管结石的疗效。方法回顾性分析1993年1月至2006年8月99例接受皮下通道型肝胆管狭窄成形术患者的临床疗效。其中结石局限于左肝28例（28．3％）,右肝24例（24．2％）,两肝均有47例（47．5％）。肝内胆管结石合并狭窄66例（66．7％）。手术方式为胆囊切除、肝内胆管结石取出、病肝切除、肝管狭窄纠正、肝门部胆管成形、与带蒂游离空肠吻合、盲襻皮下埋置。其中27例（27．3％）胆囊不切除,行成形肝管-胆囊颈部吻合,胆囊底皮下埋置。结果95例获得随访,随访率96．0％。随访时间1个月-13．5年,平均4．2年。术后残石率为23．2％（23／99）,结石复发率20．0％（19／95）,术后胆管炎发生率14．7％（14／95）。其中34例经皮下通道引流或胆道镜取石,结石取净率为91．2％（31／34）。结论皮下通道型肝胆管狭窄成形术可有效降低结石及胆管炎复发,并可简单有效地处理再发结石。     

肝门上径路肝切除术

目的评价＂肝门上径路＂肝切除术在治疗肝胆管结石病中的价值。方法回顾性分析2007年8月至2010年8月3年期间,对28例右侧肝胆管结石病患者所行＂肝门上径路＂肝切除术治疗的临床资料。结果 28例患者手术成功,无手术死亡病例,术后3例患者存在残余结石,残余结石率为10.7%,随访3-24个月后,其他患者均未见胆管炎症发作和结石复发。结论 ＂肝门上径路＂肝切除术可以作为一种右侧肝内胆管结石有效的治疗方法。     

Immediate and long-term outcomes of hepatectomy for hepatolithiasis

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the perioperative and long-term results of hepatectomy for hepatolithiasis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Immediate and long-term outcomes of 103 consecutive patients with hepatolithiasis who underwent hepatectomy from 1989 to 2001 were analyzed. Immediate outcomes included stone clearance rate, operative morbidity, and mortality. Long-term results included stone recurrence rate and survival. RESULTS: The immediate stone clearance rate was 90%, and the final stone clearance rate was 98% after subsequent choledochoscopic lithotripsy by cutaneous stoma or T-tube route. The operative morbidity and hospital mortality rates were 28% and 2%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that right hepatectomy (P=.006) and preoperative hyperbilirubinemia (P=.038) were predictive of postoperative complications. Ten patients (10%) had associated cholangiocarcinoma (four known preoperatively) at the time of hepatectomy. With a median follow-up of 56 months (range 6-158), recurrent stones developed in eight patients and cholangiocarcinoma developed in three patients (range: 7-30 months postoperatively). Sixteen patients had died during the follow-up period, none of recurrent cholangitis. Cholangiocarcinoma was the only significant prognostic factor of long-term survival by Cox regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Hepatectomy is a safe and effective treatment for hepatolithiasis, with a high immediate stone clearance rate and a low long-term stone recurrence rate. The presence of associated cholangiocarcinoma is the main factor compromising long-term survival in patients with hepatolithiasis.     

胆管空肠吻合联合空肠盲袢固定标记在复发肝胆管结石治疗中应用研究

目的 探讨胆管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合联合腹膜下空肠盲袢固定标记法在肝胆管结石病术后及其伴随的胆管狭窄治疗中的价值。方法 回顾性分析2009年1月至2017年12月在北京大学第一医院接受胆管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合联合腹膜下空肠盲袢固定标记术的113例肝胆管结石病病人的临床资料。并对术后经肠袢胆道镜治疗肝内胆管结石和狭窄的情况进行总结。结果 113例病人全部完成胆肠吻合及盲袢固定标记术并在术后行胆道镜检查，其中79例行胆道镜取石治疗；49例行胆道镜下球囊扩张肝内胆管狭窄，7例发现有术后近期吻合口狭窄而行球囊扩张，71例证实结石取净或狭窄缓解后结束治疗。16例在治疗结束后因肝内胆管结石复发而在局麻下打开空肠盲袢，其中15例顺利完成再次治疗。结论 空肠盲袢固定标记法便于在胆管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合后进一步治疗肝内胆管结石及狭窄，并使多数复发病例避免了再次开放手术，对于易复发的肝胆管结石病是一种可供选择的治疗方法。     

肝叶切除术治疗肝内结石254例临床分析

为探讨肝内切除术治疗肝内结石的效果，分析７年来采用肝切除术治疗２５４例肝内结石的术前检查、结石的部位和分布情况，手术方式、手术后并发症及结石残留等情况，加以归纳总结。结果表明，肝内结石以左肝较多（１５９例），全肝结石其次（７８例）；肝切除仍以左外叶及左半肝切除为主（９０％）；有１８．９％的病例有结石残留；４９例出现手术后并发症；手术死亡２例，占０．７９％；４例伴有胆管癌变；全组治疗效果良好。肝切除